{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T14:44:04Z","timestamp":1729262644963,"version":"3.27.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pattern Anal Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-023-01159-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T10:02:58Z","timestamp":1681812178000},"page":"1317-1348","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["NSIWD: new statistical image watermark detector"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yupan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingzhuo","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panpan","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1159_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2022.02.083","volume":"488","author":"W Wan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wan W, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li J, Yu H, Sun J (2022) A comprehensive survey on robust image watermarking. Neurocomputing 488:226\u2013247","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"11","key":"1159_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7515","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-08530-z","volume":"79","author":"C Tian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tian C, Wen RH, Zou WP, Gong LH (2020) Robust and blind watermarking algorithm based on DCT and SVD in the contourlet domain. Multimed Tools Appl 79(11):7515\u20137541","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"1159_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2009.2035842","volume":"20","author":"NK Kalantari","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kalantari NK, Ahadi SM, Vafadust M (2010) A robust image watermarking in the Ridgelet domain using universally optimum decoder. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 20(3):396\u2013406","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol"},{"key":"1159_CR4","first-page":"25","volume":"583","author":"B Yadav","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yadav B, Kumar A, Kumar Y (2018) A robust digital image watermarking algorithm using DWT and SVD. Soft Comput Theor Appl 583:25\u201336","journal-title":"Soft Comput Theor Appl"},{"key":"1159_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-5400-1_17","volume":"1171","author":"K Meenakshi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meenakshi K, Swaraja K, Kora P, Karuna G (2021) A robust blind oblivious video watermarking scheme using undecimated discrete wavelet transform. Intell Syst Des 1171:169\u2013177","journal-title":"Intell Syst Des"},{"key":"1159_CR6","first-page":"231","volume":"46","author":"R Thanki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thanki R, Kothari A, Trivedi D (2019) Hybrid and blind watermarking scheme in DCuT-RDWT domain. J Inf Secur Appl 46:231\u2013249","journal-title":"J Inf Secur Appl"},{"issue":"43","key":"1159_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33071","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09621-y","volume":"79","author":"PP Niu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Niu PP, Shen X, Song YF, Liu YN, Wang XY (2020) Locally optimum watermark decoder in NSST domain using RSS-based Cauchy distribution. Multimed Tools Appl 79(43):33071\u201333101","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"1159_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1109\/TCI.2018.2794065","volume":"4","author":"B Ahmaderaghi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahmaderaghi B, Kurugollu F, Del Rincon JM, Bouridane A (2018) Blind image watermark detection algorithm based on discrete shearlet transform using statistical decision theory. IEEE Trans Comput Imaging 4(1):46\u201359","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Imaging"},{"key":"1159_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.12.006","volume":"77","author":"S Etemad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Etemad S, Amirmazlaghani M (2018) A new multiplicative watermark detector in the contourlet domain using t location-scale distribution. Pattern Recogn 77:99\u2013112","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"1","key":"1159_CR10","first-page":"151","volume":"66","author":"H Sadreazami","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sadreazami H, Amini M (2019) A robust image watermarking scheme using local statistical distribution in the contourlet domain. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 66(1):151\u2013155","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs"},{"key":"1159_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"H Bi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bi H, Liu Y, Wu M, Ge Y (2016) NSCT domain additive watermark detection using RAO hypothesis test and Cauchy distribution. Math Probl Eng 7:1\u201318","journal-title":"Math Probl Eng"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu J (2018) An image watermarking algorithm based on energy scheme in the wavelet transform domain. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Image, Vision and Computing, Chongqing, China, 668\u2013672","key":"1159_CR12","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIVC.2018.8492868"},{"issue":"2","key":"1159_CR13","first-page":"1","volume":"76","author":"L Dong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dong L, Yan Q, Lv Y, Deng SY (2016) Full band watermarking in DCT domain with Weibull model. Multimed Tools Appl 76(2):1\u201318","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"1159_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2016.07.001","volume":"40","author":"M Rabizadeh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rabizadeh M, Amirmazlaghani M, Attari MA (2016) A new detector for contourlet domain multiplicative image watermarking using Bessel K form distribution. J Vis Commun Image Represent 40:324\u2013334","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Image Represent"},{"issue":"2","key":"1159_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-019-00828-w","volume":"23","author":"XY Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang XY, Zhang SY, Wen TT, Xu H, Yang HY (2020) Synchronization correction-based robust digital image watermarking approach using Bessel K-form PDF. Pattern Anal Appl 23(2):933\u2013951","journal-title":"Pattern Anal Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"1159_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2015.2508147","volume":"18","author":"H Sadreazami","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sadreazami H, Ahmad MO, Swamy MNS (2016) Multiplicative watermark decoder in contourlet domain using the normal inverse Gaussian distribution. IEEE Trans Multimed 18(2):196\u2013207","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Multimed"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin X, Peng S, Zhu X (2011) Detection for multiplicative watermarking in DCT domain by Cauchy model. In: International Conference on Information and Communications Security, Heidelberg, Berlin, 173\u2013183","key":"1159_CR17","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25243-3_14"},{"key":"1159_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2019.05.012","volume":"62","author":"XY Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang XY, Zhang SY, Wang L, Yang HY, Niu PP (2019) Locally optimum image watermark decoder by modeling NSCT domain difference coefficients with vector based Cauchy distribution. J Vis Commun Image Represent 62:309\u2013329","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Image Represent"},{"key":"1159_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4516","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-021-01678-w","volume":"40","author":"PP Niu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Niu PP, Wang L, Tian J, Zhang SY, Wang XY (2021) A statistical color image watermarking scheme using local QPCET and Cauchy\u2013Rayleigh distribution. Circuits Syst Signal Process 40:4516\u20134545","journal-title":"Circuits Syst Signal Process"},{"key":"1159_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2019.105387","volume":"193","author":"XH Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang XH, Song RX, Mu ZH, Song CM (2020) An image NSCT-HMT model based on copula entropy multivariate Gaussian scale mixtures. Knowl-Based Syst 193:105387","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"1159_CR21","first-page":"1159","volume":"62","author":"H Sadreazami","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sadreazami H, Ahmad MO, Swamy MNS (2015) A robust multiplicative watermark detector for color images in sparse domain. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 62(12):1159\u20131163","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amirmazlaghani M (2017) A novel statistical detector for contourlet domain image watermarking using 2D-GARCH model. In: International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, Catania, Italy 547\u2013557","key":"1159_CR22","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-68548-9_50"},{"key":"1159_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.05.034","volume":"535","author":"XY Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang XY, Wen TT, Shen X, Niu PP, Yang HY (2020) A new watermark decoder in DNST domain using singular values and Gaussian-Cauchy mixture-based vector HMT. Inf Sci 535:81\u2013106","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1159_CR24","first-page":"151","volume":"66-II","author":"H Sadreazami","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sadreazami H, Amini M (2019) A robust image watermarking scheme using local statistical distribution in the contourlet domain. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 66\u2013II(1):151\u2013155","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barazandeh M, Amirmazlaghani M (2016) A new statistical detector for additive image watermarking based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform. In: Proceeding of the 2016 2nd International Conference of Signal Processing and Intelligent Systems, Tehran, Iran","key":"1159_CR25","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSPIS.2016.7869886"},{"issue":"16","key":"1159_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21281","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-5451-x","volume":"77","author":"K Zebbiche","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zebbiche K, Khelifi F, Loukhaoukha K (2018) Robust additive watermarkig in the DTCWT domain based on perceptual masking. Multimed Tools Appl 77(16):21281\u201321304","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"1159_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.06.059","volume":"503","author":"XY Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang XY, Zhang SY, Wen TT, Yang HY, Niu PP (2019) Coefficient difference based watermark detector in nonsubsampled contourlet transform domain. Inf Sci 503:274\u2013290","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1159_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2018.2851447","volume":"21","author":"M Amini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amini M, Sadreazami H, Ahmad MO, Swamy MNS (2019) A channel-dependent statistical watermark detector for color images. IEEE Trans Multimed 21(1):65\u201373","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Multimed"},{"key":"1159_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2017.01.019","volume":"137","author":"M Amini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amini M, Ahmad MO, Swamy MNS (2017) A new locally optimum watermark detection using vector-based hidden Markov model in wavelet domain. Signal Process 137:213\u2013222","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahu AK, Sahu M, Patro P, Sahu G, Nayak SR (2022) Dual image-based reversible fragile watermarking scheme for tamper detection and localization. Pattern Analysis and Applications, 1\u201320","key":"1159_CR30","DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-022-01104-0"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahu AK, Hassaballah M, Rao RS, Suresh G (2022) Logistic-map based fragile image watermarking scheme for tamper detection and localization. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 1\u201332.","key":"1159_CR31","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-13630-4"},{"issue":"8","key":"1159_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3869","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-021-03365-9","volume":"13","author":"AK Sahu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sahu AK (2022) A logistic map based blind and fragile watermarking for tamper detection and localization in images. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 13(8):3869\u20133881","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput"},{"issue":"9","key":"1159_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5108","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-022-02023-5","volume":"41","author":"G Suresh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suresh G, Narla VL, Gangwar DP, Sahu AK (2022) False-positive-free SVD based audio watermarking with integer wavelet transform. Circuits Syst Signal Process 41(9):5108\u20135133","journal-title":"Circuits Syst Signal Process"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vukoti\u0107 V, Chappelier V, Furon T (2018) Are deep neural networks good for blind image watermarking. In: 2018 IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security, Hong Kong, China, 1\u20137","key":"1159_CR34","DOI":"10.1109\/WIFS.2018.8630768"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu J, Kaplan R, Johnson J, Li FF (2018) Hidden: Hiding data with deep networks. In: Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision, Munich, Germany, 657\u2013672","key":"1159_CR35","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01267-0_40"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia ZY, Fang H, Zhang WM (2021) Mbrs: Enhancing robustness of dnn-based watermarking by mini-batch of real and simulated JPEG compression. In: Proceedings of the 29th ACM international conference on multimedia, New York, USA, 41\u201349","key":"1159_CR36","DOI":"10.1145\/3474085.3475324"},{"issue":"10","key":"1159_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3918","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2018.2868899","volume":"11","author":"MA Khajouei","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khajouei MA, Goudarzi A (2018) UDWT domain: a verified replacement for time domain implementation of the robust P phase picker algorithm. IEEE J Selected Top Appl Earth Obs Remote Sens 11(10):3918\u20133924","journal-title":"IEEE J Selected Top Appl Earth Obs Remote Sens"},{"issue":"12","key":"1159_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4440","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2019.2960507","volume":"30","author":"CP Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang CP, Wang XY, Xia ZQ, Ma B, Shi YQ (2019) Image description with polar harmonic Fourier moments. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 30(12):4440\u20134452","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1159_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.20.000631","volume":"20","author":"HP Ren","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ren HP, Ping ZL, Bo WRG (2003) Multidistortion-invariant image recognition with radial harmonic Fourier moments. J Opt Soc Am 20(4):631\u2013637","journal-title":"J Opt Soc Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"1159_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jspi.2007.03.030","volume":"137","author":"RD Gupta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gupta RD, Kundu D (2007) Generalized exponential distribution: Existing results and some recent developments. J Stat Plan Inference 137(11):3537\u20133547","journal-title":"J Stat Plan Inference"},{"issue":"1","key":"1159_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10260-014-0276-5","volume":"24","author":"SM Mirhosseini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mirhosseini SM, Amini M, Kundu D, Dolati A (2015) On a new absolutely continuous bivariate generalized exponential distribution. Stat Methods Appl 24(1):61\u201383","journal-title":"Stat Methods Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"1159_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168070","DOI":"10.1080\/23311835.2016.1168070","volume":"3","author":"S Kumar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kumar S, Chhaparwal P (2016) A robust unbiased dual to product estimator for population mean through modified maximum likelihood in simple random sampling. Cogent Math 3(1):1168070","journal-title":"Cogent Math"},{"issue":"1","key":"1159_CR43","first-page":"00154","volume":"6","author":"E Oral","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oral E (2017) Modified maximum likelihood estimation in Poisson regression. Biom Biostat Int J 6(1):00154","journal-title":"Biom Biostat Int J"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1159_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7177(00)00119-9","volume":"32","author":"DC Vaughan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vaughan DC, Tiku ML (2000) Estimation and hypothesis testing for a nonnormal bivariate distribution with applications. Math Comput Model 32(1\u20132):53\u201367","journal-title":"Math Comput Model"},{"issue":"5","key":"1159_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2014.2363743","volume":"25","author":"T Zong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zong T, Xiang Y, Natgunanathan I (2015) Robust histogram shape-based method for image watermarking. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 25(5):717\u2013729","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadreazami H, Ahmad MO, Swamy MNS (2015) Optimum multiplicative watermark detector in contourlet domain using the normal inverse Gaussian distribution. Proceeding of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits & Systems. Lisbon, Portugal, 1050-1053","key":"1159_CR46","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2015.7168817"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amini M, Sadreazami H, Ahmad MO, Swamy MNS (2017) Multichannel color image watermark detection utilizing vector-based hidden Markov model. In: Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Baltimore, MD, USA, 1\u20134","key":"1159_CR47","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2017.8050596"},{"key":"1159_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2016.06.037","volume":"370\u2013371","author":"M Amirmazlaghani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Amirmazlaghani M (2016) Additive watermark detection in the wavelet domain using 2D-GARCH model. Inf Sci 370\u2013371:1\u201317","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1159_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cvi.2018.5254","volume":"13","author":"M Amirmazlaghani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amirmazlaghani M (2019) Heteroscedastic watermark detector in the contourlet domain. IET Comput Vision 13(3):249\u2013260","journal-title":"IET Comput Vision"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mingxin M, Kexin W (2020) Automatic Portraiture Drawing System Based on Robotic Arm. In: 2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Automation, Senyang, China, 101\u2013105","key":"1159_CR50","DOI":"10.1109\/AUTEEE50969.2020.9315665"}],"container-title":["Pattern Analysis and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10044-023-01159-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10044-023-01159-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10044-023-01159-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T14:26:46Z","timestamp":1729261606000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10044-023-01159-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1159"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10044-023-01159-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1433-7541"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-755X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}