{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T02:59:58Z","timestamp":1777258798954,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001395","name":"Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AAD5912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AAD5912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pattern Anal Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-023-01181-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T13:02:59Z","timestamp":1687870979000},"page":"941-955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Deep neural networks for rank-consistent ordinal regression based on conditional probabilities"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xintong","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wenzhi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6989-4493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Raschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1181_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li L, Lin HT (2007) In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 865\u2013872","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7503.003.0113"},{"key":"1181_CR2","unstructured":"Niu Z, Zhou M, Wang L, Gao X, Hua G (2016) In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 4920\u20134928"},{"key":"1181_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2020.11.008","volume":"140","author":"W Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao W, Mirjalili V, Raschka S (2020) Rank consistent ordinal regression for neural networks with application to age estimation. Pattern Recognit Lett 140:325\u2013331","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit Lett"},{"key":"1181_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCullagh P (1980) Regression models for ordinal data. J R Stat Soc Ser B (Methodological) 109\u2013142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1980.tb01109.x"},{"key":"1181_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crammer K, Singer Y (2002) In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 641\u2013647","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1120.003.0087"},{"key":"1181_CR6","unstructured":"Shashua A, Levin A et al (2003) Ranking with large margin principle: two approaches. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 961\u2013968"},{"key":"1181_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajaram S, Garg A, Zhou XS, Huang TS (2003) In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Machine Learning. Springer, pp 301\u2013312","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39857-8_28"},{"key":"1181_CR8","unstructured":"Chu W, Keerthi SS (2005) In: Proceedings of the international conference on machine learning. ACM, pp 145\u2013152"},{"key":"1181_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu H, Shan H, Zhang Y, Che L, Xu X, Zhang J, Shi J, Wang FY (2021) Convolutional ordinal regression forest for image ordinal estimation. In: IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2021.3055816"},{"key":"1181_CR10","unstructured":"Diaz R, Marathe A (2019) In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 4738\u20134747"},{"key":"1181_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su\u00e1rez JL, Garc\u00eda S, Herrera F (2021) Ordinal regression with explainable distance metric learning based on ordered sequences. Mach Learn 1\u201334","DOI":"10.1109\/DSAA53316.2021.9564133"},{"key":"1181_CR12","unstructured":"Petersen F, Borgelt C, Kuehne H, Deussen O (2021) In: International conference on machine learning"},{"key":"1181_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Joachims T (2002) In: Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, pp 133\u2013142","DOI":"10.1145\/775047.775067"},{"key":"1181_CR14","unstructured":"Liu Y, Kong AWK, Goh CK (2018) In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 831\u2013839"},{"key":"1181_CR15","unstructured":"Ricanek K, Tesafaye T (2006) In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on automatic face and gesture recognition, pp 341\u2013345"},{"key":"1181_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2016.01.002","volume":"47","author":"C Sagonas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sagonas C, Antonakos E, Tzimiropoulos G, Zafeiriou S, Pantic M (2016) 300 faces in-the-wild challenge: database and results. Image Vis Comput 47:3\u201318","journal-title":"Image Vis Comput"},{"issue":"24","key":"1181_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00638","volume":"3","author":"S Raschka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Raschka S (2018) MLxtend: providing machine learning and data science utilities and extensions to Python\u2019s scientific computing stack. J Open Source Softw 3(24):1\u20132","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"key":"1181_CR18","unstructured":"Schifanella R, Redi M, Aiello LM (2015) In: International AAAI conference on web and social media"},{"key":"1181_CR19","unstructured":"He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J (2016) In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 770\u2013778"},{"key":"1181_CR20","unstructured":"Maas AL, Hannun AY, Ng AY, et al (2013) In: Proc. icml, vol 30. Citeseer, p 3"},{"key":"1181_CR21","unstructured":"Loshchilov I, Hutter F (2019) In: International conference on learning representations (Poster)"},{"key":"1181_CR22","unstructured":"Kingma DP, Ba J (2015) In: Bengio Y, LeCun Y (eds) International conference on learning representations, pp 1\u20138"},{"key":"1181_CR23","unstructured":"Paszke A, Gross S, Massa F, Lerer A, Bradbury J, Chanan G, Killeen T, Lin Z, Gimelshein N, Antiga L, Desmaison A, Kopf A, Yang E, DeVito Z, Raison M, Tejani A, Chilamkurthy S, Steiner B, Fang L, Bai J, Chintala S (2019) In: Advances in neural information processing systems, vol 32, pp 8024\u20138035"},{"key":"1181_CR24","unstructured":"Simonyan K, Zisserman A (2014) Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1556"},{"key":"1181_CR25","unstructured":"Deng J, Dong W, Socher R, Li LJ, Li K, Fei-Fei L (2009) In: 2009 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, IEEE, pp 248\u2013255"}],"container-title":["Pattern Analysis and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10044-023-01181-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10044-023-01181-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10044-023-01181-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T04:27:59Z","timestamp":1729657679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10044-023-01181-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1181"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10044-023-01181-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-7541","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-755X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 June 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}