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We present findings from a usability and user experience study conducted with 11 blind and visually impaired participants and a sighted caretaker. Participants sent live video feed of their field of view to the remote caretaker\u2019s terminal from a smartphone camera attached to their chest. The caretaker used this video feed to guide them through indoor and outdoor navigation scenarios using a combination of haptic and voice-based communication. Haptic feedback was provided through vibrating actuators installed in the grip of a Smart Cane. Two haptic methods for directional guidance were tested: (1) two vibrating actuators to guide left and right movement and (2) a single vibrating actuator with differentiating vibration patterns for the same purpose. Users feedback was collected using a meCUE 2.0 standardized questionnaire, interviews, and group discussions. Participants\u2019 perceptions toward the proposed navigation assistance system were positive. Blind participants preferred vibrational guidance with two actuators, while partially blind participants preferred the single actuator method. Familiarity with cane use and age were important factors in the choice of haptic methods by both blind and partially blind users. It was found that smartphone camera provided sufficient field of view for remote assistance; position and angle are nonetheless important considerations. Ultimately, more research is needed to confirm our preliminary findings. We also present an expanded evaluation model developed to carry out further research on assistive systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-021-00536-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T08:02:50Z","timestamp":1621843370000},"page":"141-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Teleguidance-based remote navigation assistance for visually impaired and blind people\u2014usability and user experience"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Babar","family":"Chaudary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Pohjolainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saima","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Arhippainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petri","family":"Pulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"536_CR1","unstructured":"Aira (n.d) Aira web: htts:\/\/aira.io\/ Accessed 16 May 2020"},{"key":"536_CR74","unstructured":"Apple Watch (2021) https:\/\/www.switchingtomac.com\/tutorials\/how-to-use-maps-on-apple-watch\/ retrieved on 26th Feb 2021"},{"key":"536_CR2","unstructured":"Arduino MKR 1010. 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Web: http:\/\/iaccessibility.com\/apps\/low-vision\/index.cgi\/product?ID=65 Accessed 16 May 2020"}],"container-title":["Virtual Reality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10055-021-00536-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10055-021-00536-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10055-021-00536-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T04:09:34Z","timestamp":1678334974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10055-021-00536-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-021-00536-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1359-4338","type":"print"},{"value":"1434-9957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research was done by the team of the OSASIS research unit at the University of Oulu. Two ethical committees were contacted regarding the experiment. The first was the Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District\u2019s ethical committee, the OYS-erva Ethical Committee (\n                      \n                      ). This committee provides statements on medical and health-related scientific research at Oulu University Hospital. According to the committee, our research did not include aspects that would require such a statement. The second was the Ethics Committee of Human Sciences of the University of Oulu (\n                      \n                      ), who follow the guidelines of the Finnish National Board on Research Integrity, TENK (\n                      \n                      ). This committee outlines ethical principles that apply to all fields of science. The focus of these principles is on the subjects\u2019 autonomy and its security, avoiding injuries, and privacy and data security. According to these principles and based on the advice of the coordinator of the committee, our research team decided that a statement was not necessary for this research. The written informal consent form was signed by all participants in Pakistan.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}