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Our goal was to understand the responses of participants, and to learn how this type of scenario might be improved for later reconstructions of other concerts. To understand the responses of participants we carried out two studies which used sentiment analysis of texts written by the participants. Study 1 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200925) (Beacco et al. in IEEE Virtual Reality: 538\u2013545, 2021) had the unexpected finding that negative sentiment was caused by the virtual audience, where e.g. some participants were fearful of being harassed by audience members. In Study 2 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926) notwithstanding some changes, the audience again led to negative sentiment\u2014e.g. a feeling of being stared at. For Study 2 we compared sentiment with questionnaire scores, finding that the illusion of being at the concert was associated with positive sentiment for males but negative for females. Overall, we found sentiment was dominated by responses to the audience rather than the band. Participants had been placed in an unusual situation, being alone at a concert, surrounded by strangers, who seemed to pose a social threat for some \u00a0of them. We relate our findings to the concept of Plausibility, the illusion that events and situations in the VR are really happening. The results indicate high Plausibility, since the negative sentiment, for example in response to being started at, only makes sense if the events are experienced as actually happening. We conclude with the need for co-design of VR scenarios, and the use of sentiment analysis in this process, rather than sole reliance on concepts proposed by researchers, typically expressed through questionnaires, which may not reflect the experiences of participants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-022-00685-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T10:02:52Z","timestamp":1661248972000},"page":"651-675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The sentiment of a virtual rock concert"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6223-0050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mel","family":"Slater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Cabriera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3750-6964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gizem","family":"Senel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0974-6971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domna","family":"Banakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8192-1431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Beacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6472-8573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramon","family":"Oliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3332-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"685_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.114155","volume":"167","author":"A Alamoodi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alamoodi A, Zaidan BB, Zaidan AA, Albahri OS, Mohammed K, Malik RQ et al (2021) Sentiment analysis and its applications in fighting COVID-19 and infectious diseases: a systematic review. 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