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To achieve this, surgeons rely on the experience acquired from the use of cadavers, enabling technologies like virtual reality (VR) and clinical years of practice. However, cadavers, having no dynamism and realism as they lack blood, can exhibit limited tissue degradation and shrinkage, while current VR systems do not provide amplified haptic feedback. This can impact surgical training increasing the likelihood of medical errors. This work proposes a novel Mixed Reality Combination System (MRCS) that pairs Augmented Reality (AR) technology and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor with 3D printed, collagen-based specimens that can enhance task performance like planning and execution. To achieve this, the MRCS charts out a path prior to a user task execution based on a visual, physical, and dynamic environment on the state of a target object by utilizing surgeon-created virtual imagery that, when projected onto a 3D printed biospecimen as AR, reacts visually to user input on its actual physical state. This allows a real-time user reaction of the MRCS by displaying new multi-sensory virtual states of an object prior to performing on the actual physical state of that same object enabling effective task planning. Tracked user actions using an integrated 9-Degree of Freedom IMU demonstrate task execution This demonstrates that a user, with limited knowledge of specific anatomy, can, under guidance, execute a preplanned task. In addition, to surgical planning, this system can be generally applied in areas such as construction, maintenance, and education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-023-00777-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T10:02:52Z","timestamp":1677751372000},"page":"1845-1858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A mixed reality system combining augmented reality, 3D bio-printed physical environments and inertial measurement unit sensors for task planning"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0314-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernest","family":"Kabuye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5342-8567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"LeDuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3935-9219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Cagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"777_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/S10055-020-00498-8\/TABLES\/2","volume":"25","author":"J Abich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abich J, Parker J, Murphy JS et al (2021) A review of the evidence for training effectiveness with virtual reality technology. 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