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A better understanding of its functioning would be beneficial to research fields such as simulation and training in immersive Virtual Reality or information visualization and computer graphics. The current work focuses on the design and implementation of a paradigm for evaluating VWM in immersive visualization and of a novel image-based computational model for mimicking the human behavioral data of VWM. We evaluated the VWM at the variation of four conditions: set size, spatial layout, visual angle (VA) subtending stimuli presentation space, and observation time. We adopted a full factorial design and analysed participants\u2019 performances in the <jats:italic>change detection<\/jats:italic> experiment. The analysis of hit rates and false alarm rates confirms the existence of a limit of VWM capacity of around 7 \u00b1 2 items, as found in the literature based on the use of 2D videos and images. Only VA and observation time influence performances (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.0001). Indeed, with VA enlargement, participants need more time to have a complete overview of the presented stimuli. Moreover, we show that our model has a high level of agreement with the human data, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>&gt;0.88 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-023-00822-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]],"date-time":"2023-06-27T20:19:35Z","timestamp":1687897175000},"page":"2493-2507","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Visual working memory in immersive visualization: a change detection experiment and an image-computable model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Chiara","family":"Bassano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Chessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8111-0409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Solari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"822_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.01.003","volume":"15","author":"GA Alvarez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alvarez GA (2011) Representing multiple objects as an ensemble enhances visual cognition. 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