{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T17:21:05Z","timestamp":1780507265693,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["812716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["812716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virtual Reality"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study explores technology acceptance, perception and user assessment of an immersive virtual reality environment with computational fluid dynamics simulations in engineering education. 57 participants from three different institutions tested the virtual reality application. Partial least squares structural equation modeling and interferential statistics were performed to predict and assess interrelations among constructs. Results show that the learning value, content value, intrinsic motivation and personal innovativeness are underlying factors behind students\u2019 intention to use virtual reality. Pair-wise analysis indicates that users\u2019 perceptions matter and positively affect their attitudes. In addition, the virtual reality application helps students perform significantly better in the post-knowledge test. Findings also highlight that prior experience and interest can affect students\u2019 attitudes and behavioral intentions to accept the virtual reality application in education. Our study can guide lecturers and developers to achieve on-target immersive virtual reality learning environments in higher education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-024-00985-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T10:01:43Z","timestamp":1711706503000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Behavioral intention, perception and user assessment in an immersive virtual reality environment with CFD simulations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5431-4038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serkan","family":"Solmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8449-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin","family":"Gerling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0482-0391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesbeth","family":"Kester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2051-5696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Van Gerven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"985_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1177\/0266666915597546","volume":"32","author":"N Ain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ain N, Kaur K, Waheed M (2016) The influence of learning value on learning management system use: an extension of UTAUT2. Inf Dev 32:1306\u20131321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0266666915597546","journal-title":"Inf Dev"},{"key":"985_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174673","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2957206","volume":"7","author":"MA Almaiah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Almaiah MA, Alamri MM, Al-Rahmi W (2019) Applying the UTAUT model to explain the students\u2019 acceptance of mobile learning system in higher education. IEEE Access 7:174673\u2013174686. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2957206","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"985_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-27242013000200005","volume":"8","author":"S Alwahaishi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alwahaishi S, Sn\u00e1sel V (2013) Consumers\u2019 acceptance and use of information and communications technology: a UTAUT and flow based theoretical model. J Technol Manag Innov 8:9\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4067\/S0718-27242013000200005","journal-title":"J Technol Manag Innov"},{"key":"985_CR4","unstructured":"Anderson LW, Krathwohl DR, Bloom BS (2001) A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: a revision of Bloom\u2019s taxonomy of educational objectives. 41:352"},{"key":"985_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8082","DOI":"10.3390\/app11178082","volume":"11","author":"S BaheriIslami","year":"2021","unstructured":"BaheriIslami S, Wesolowski M, Revell W, Chen X (2021) Virtual reality visualization of CFD simulated blood flow in cerebral aneurysms treated with flow diverter stents. Appl Sci 11:8082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app11178082","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"985_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104214","volume":"169","author":"AJ Barrett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barrett AJ, Pack A, Quaid ED (2021) Understanding learners\u2019 acceptance of high-immersion virtual reality systems: Insights from confirmatory and exploratory PLS-SEM analyses. Comput Educ 169:104214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104214","journal-title":"Comput Educ"},{"key":"985_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2017.10.016","volume":"109","author":"RE Bawack","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bawack RE, Kala Kamdjoug JR (2018) Adequacy of UTAUT in clinician adoption of health information systems in developing countries: the case of Cameroon. Int J Med Inf 109:15\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2017.10.016","journal-title":"Int J Med Inf"},{"key":"985_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcs.12641","volume":"45","author":"MC B\u00f6len","year":"2021","unstructured":"B\u00f6len MC, Calisir H, \u00d6zen \u00dc (2021) Flow theory in the information systems life cycle: the state of the art and future research agenda. Int J Consum Stud 45:546\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijcs.12641","journal-title":"Int J Consum Stud"},{"key":"985_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01652","volume":"10","author":"C-M Chao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chao C-M (2019) Factors determining the behavioral intention to use mobile learning: an application and extension of the UTAUT model. Front Psychol 10:1652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01652","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"985_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12389","volume":"36","author":"J Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen J, Huang Y, Lin K et al (2020a) Developing a hands-on activity using virtual reality to help students learn by doing. J Comput Assist Learn 36:46\u201360","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Learn"},{"key":"985_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00498-8","volume":"2","author":"M Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen M, Wang X, Wang J et al (2021) Factors affecting college students\u2019 continuous intention to use online course platform. SN Comput Sci 2:114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42979-021-00498-8","journal-title":"SN Comput Sci"},{"key":"985_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen M, Wang X, Wang J, et al (2020b) The Influence of College Students\u2019 Continuous Intention to Use Online Course Platform. In: 2020 International Symposium on Educational Technology (ISET). IEEE, Bangkok, Thailand, pp 283\u2013287","DOI":"10.1109\/ISET49818.2020.00068"},{"key":"985_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-019-09939-5","volume":"22","author":"PY Chin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chin PY, Evans N, Liu CZ, Choo K-KR (2020) Understanding factors influencing employees\u2019 consumptive and contributive use of enterprise social networks. Inf Syst Front 22:1357\u20131376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10796-019-09939-5","journal-title":"Inf Syst Front"},{"key":"985_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/14738716221085965","volume":"21","author":"O Christmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Christmann O, Fleury S, Migaud J et al (2022) Visualizing the invisible: user-centered design of a system for the visualization of flows and concentrations of particles in the air. Inf vis 21:311\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14738716221085965","journal-title":"Inf vis"},{"key":"985_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2022.100452","volume":"36","author":"M Coban","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coban M, Bolat YI, Goksu I (2022) The potential of immersive virtual reality to enhance learning: a meta-analysis. Educ Res Rev 36:100452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.edurev.2022.100452","journal-title":"Educ Res Rev"},{"key":"985_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02536","volume":"5","author":"D Dajani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dajani D, Abu Hegleh AS (2019) Behavior intention of animation usage among university students. Heliyon 5:e02536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02536","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"985_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","volume":"13","author":"FD Davis","year":"1989","unstructured":"Davis FD (1989) Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Q 13:319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/249008","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"key":"985_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3390\/jimaging7080151","volume":"7","author":"S Deng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng S, Wheeler G, Toussaint N et al (2021) A virtual reality system for improved image-based planning of complex cardiac procedures. J Imaging 7:151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jimaging7080151","journal-title":"J Imaging"},{"key":"985_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1108\/ITSE-06-2016-0015","volume":"14","author":"MS Farooq","year":"2017","unstructured":"Farooq MS, Salam M, Jaafar N et al (2017) Acceptance and use of lecture capture system (LCS) in executive business studies: extending UTAUT2. ITSE 14:329\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ITSE-06-2016-0015","journal-title":"ITSE"},{"key":"985_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings12030333","volume":"12","author":"VJL Gan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gan VJL, Liu T, Li K (2022) Integrated BIM and VR for interactive aerodynamic design and wind comfort analysis of modular buildings. Buildings 12:333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/buildings12030333","journal-title":"Buildings"},{"key":"985_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.3390\/computers11040050","volume":"11","author":"M Gattullo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gattullo M, Laviola E, Boccaccio A et al (2022) Design of a mixed reality application for STEM distance education laboratories. Computers 11:50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/computers11040050","journal-title":"Computers"},{"key":"985_CR22","volume-title":"A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hair JF (ed) (2017) A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), 2nd edn. Sage, Los Angeles","edition":"2"},{"key":"985_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Handoko BL (2019) Application of UTAUT theory in higher education online learning. In: Proceedings of the 2019 10th International Conference on E-business, Management and Economics - ICEME 2019. ACM Press, Beijing, China, pp 259\u2013264","DOI":"10.1145\/3345035.3345047"},{"key":"985_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatchard T, Azmat F, Al-Amin M, et al (2019) Examining student response to virtual reality in education and training. In: 2019 IEEE 17th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN). IEEE, Helsinki, Finland, pp 1145\u20131149","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN41052.2019.8972023"},{"key":"985_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.22393","volume":"29","author":"W Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang W, Roscoe RD (2021) Head-mounted display-based virtual reality systems in engineering education: a review of recent research. Comput Appl Eng Educ 29:1420\u20131435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cae.22393","journal-title":"Comput Appl Eng Educ"},{"key":"985_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Indrawati, Has MN (2016) Examining factors influencing webinar adoption using UTAUT model (Case study at distance learning program, ABC University, Bandung-Indonesia 2016). In: 2016 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Wireless and Mobile (APWiMob). IEEE, Bandung, Indonesia, pp 52\u201358","DOI":"10.1109\/APWiMob.2016.7811434"},{"key":"985_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2021.1892192","author":"CY Joa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Joa CY, Magsamen-Conrad K (2021) Social influence and UTAUT in predicting digital immigrants\u2019 technology use. Behav Inf Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144929X.2021.1892192","journal-title":"Behav Inf Technol"},{"key":"985_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.12905","volume":"51","author":"H Khechine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khechine H, Raymond B, Augier M (2020) The adoption of a social learning system: Intrinsic value in the UTAUT model. Br J Educ Technol 51:2306\u20132325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.12905","journal-title":"Br J Educ Technol"},{"key":"985_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2021.02.018","volume":"207","author":"R Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim R, Kim J, Lee I et al (2021) Development of three-dimensional visualisation technology of the aerodynamic environment in a greenhouse using CFD and VR technology, Part 2: development of an educational VR simulator. Biosys Eng 207:12\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2021.02.018","journal-title":"Biosys Eng"},{"key":"985_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13029","volume":"51","author":"S Klingenberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klingenberg S, J\u00f8rgensen MLM, Dandanell G et al (2020) Investigating the effect of teaching as a generative learning strategy when learning through desktop and immersive VR: a media and methods experiment. Br J Educ Technol 51:2115\u20132138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.13029","journal-title":"Br J Educ Technol"},{"key":"985_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ece.2021.05.002","volume":"36","author":"VV Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar VV, Carberry D, Beenfeldt C et al (2021) Virtual reality in chemical and biochemical engineering education and training. Educ Chem Eng 36:143\u2013153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ece.2021.05.002","journal-title":"Educ Chem Eng"},{"key":"985_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1108\/SBM-11-2018-0095","volume":"10","author":"RE Kunz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kunz RE, Santomier JP (2019) Sport content and virtual reality technology acceptance. SBM 10:83\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/SBM-11-2018-0095","journal-title":"SBM"},{"key":"985_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.22243","volume":"28","author":"JA Lanzo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lanzo JA, Valentine A, Sohel F et al (2020) A review of the uses of virtual reality in engineering education. Comput Appl Eng Educ 28:748\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cae.22243","journal-title":"Comput Appl Eng Educ"},{"key":"985_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.106709","volume":"194","author":"S-Y Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee S-Y, Kim J-G, Kim R-W et al (2022) Development of three-dimensional visualisation technology of aerodynamic environment in fattening pig house using CFD and VR technology. Comput Electron Agric 194:106709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2022.106709","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"985_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2017.02.005","volume":"54","author":"H Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li H, Luo X, (Robert), Zhang J, Xu H, (2017a) Resolving the privacy paradox: toward a cognitive appraisal and emotion approach to online privacy behaviors. Inf Manag 54:1012\u20131022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.im.2017.02.005","journal-title":"Inf Manag"},{"key":"985_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3390\/mti1030017","volume":"1","author":"W Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li W, Nee A, Ong S (2017b) A state-of-the-art review of augmented reality in engineering analysis and simulation. Multim Technol Interact 1:17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mti1030017","journal-title":"Multim Technol Interact"},{"key":"985_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.02.007","volume":"103","author":"J-R Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin J-R, Cao J, Zhang J-P et al (2019) Visualization of indoor thermal environment on mobile devices based on augmented reality and computational fluid dynamics. Autom Constr 103:26\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autcon.2019.02.007","journal-title":"Autom Constr"},{"key":"985_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings12020223","volume":"12","author":"P Lorusso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lorusso P, De Iuliis M, Marasco S et al (2022) Fire emergency evacuation from a school building using an evolutionary virtual reality platform. Buildings 12:223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/buildings12020223","journal-title":"Buildings"},{"key":"985_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-18762021000200113","volume":"16","author":"Y Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma Y, Cao Y, Li L et al (2021) Following the flow: exploring the impact of mobile technology environment on user\u2019s virtual experience and behavioral response. J Theor Appl Electron Commer Res 16:194\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4067\/S0718-18762021000200113","journal-title":"J Theor Appl Electron Commer Res"},{"key":"985_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2017.12.007","volume":"60","author":"G Makransky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Makransky G, Terkildsen TS, Mayer RE (2019) Adding immersive virtual reality to a science lab simulation causes more presence but less learning. Learn Instr 60:225\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2017.12.007","journal-title":"Learn Instr"},{"key":"985_CR41","unstructured":"(2021) OECD: Building the future of education"},{"key":"985_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-022-00634-6","author":"S Palmisano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Palmisano S, Constable R (2022) Reductions in sickness with repeated exposure to HMD-based virtual reality appear to be game-specific. Virtual Reality. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-022-00634-6","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"key":"985_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Plotzky C, Lindwedel U, Bejan A, et al (2021) Virtual reality in healthcare skills training: the effects of presence on acceptance and increase of knowledge. i-com 20:73\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/icom-2021-0008","DOI":"10.1515\/icom-2021-0008"},{"key":"985_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107289","volume":"133","author":"PA Rauschnabel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rauschnabel PA, Felix R, Hinsch C et al (2022) What is XR? Towards a framework for augmented and virtual reality. Comput Hum Behav 133:107289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107289","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"985_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2020.101091","volume":"43","author":"H Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi H, Ames J, Randles A (2020) Harvis: an interactive virtual reality tool for hemodynamic modification and simulation. J Comput Sci 43:101091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocs.2020.101091","journal-title":"J Comput Sci"},{"key":"985_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.11.010","volume":"98","author":"D Shin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shin D (2019) How do users experience the interaction with an immersive screen? Comput Hum Behav 98:302\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2018.11.010","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"985_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2021.01.359","volume":"180","author":"L Silvestri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silvestri L (2021) CFD modeling in Industry 4.0: new perspectives for smart factories. Procedia Comput Sci 180:381\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2021.01.359","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"985_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00f6dervik I, Katajavuori N, Kapp K, et al (2021) Fostering performance in hands-on laboratory work with the use of mobile augmented reality (AR) Glasses. Educ Sci 15","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci11120816"},{"key":"985_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.3390\/app11062879","volume":"11","author":"M Soliman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soliman M, Pesyridis A, Dalaymani-Zad D et al (2021) The application of virtual reality in engineering education. Appl Sci 11:2879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app11062879","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"985_CR50","unstructured":"Solmaz S, Kester L, Gerven TV An immersive virtual reality learning environment with CFD simulations: Unveiling the Virtual Garage concept. 34"},{"key":"985_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2021.107570","volume":"156","author":"S Solmaz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Solmaz S, Van Gerven T (2022a) Interactive CFD simulations with virtual reality to support learning in mixing. Comput Chem Eng 156:107570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2021.107570","journal-title":"Comput Chem Eng"},{"key":"985_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14869","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-10621-9","volume":"81","author":"S Solmaz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Solmaz S, Van Gerven T (2022b) Automated integration of extract-based CFD results with AR\/VR in engineering education for practitioners. Multimed Tools Appl 81:14869\u201314891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-021-10621-9","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"985_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1108\/APJML-12-2020-0897","volume":"34","author":"B Sung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sung B, Hartley N, Vanman E, Hooshmand R (2022) Objective vs subjective design newness. APJML 34:1482\u20131502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/APJML-12-2020-0897","journal-title":"APJML"},{"key":"985_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102269","volume":"57","author":"K Tamilmani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamilmani K, Rana NP, Wamba SF, Dwivedi R (2021) The extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2): a systematic literature review and theory evaluation. Int J Inf Manage 57:102269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102269","journal-title":"Int J Inf Manage"},{"key":"985_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/07356331211036989","author":"C Udeozor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Udeozor C, Russo Abeg\u00e3o F, Glassey J (2021a) An evaluation of the relationship between perceptions and performance of students in a serious game. J Educ Comput Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/07356331211036989","journal-title":"J Educ Comput Res"},{"key":"985_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/23752696.2021.1951615","volume":"6","author":"C Udeozor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Udeozor C, Toyoda R, Russo Abeg\u00e3o F, Glassey J (2021b) Perceptions of the use of virtual reality games for chemical engineering education and professional training. Higher Educ Pedagog 6:175\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23752696.2021.1951615","journal-title":"Higher Educ Pedagog"},{"key":"985_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1080\/10570314.2017.1309452","volume":"81","author":"AE Veksler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Veksler AE, Eden J (2017) Measuring interpersonal liking as a cognitive evaluation: development and validation of the IL-6. West J Commun 81:641\u2013656","journal-title":"West J Commun"},{"key":"985_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2307\/41410412","volume":"36","author":"T Venkatesh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Venkatesh T, Xu, (2012) Consumer acceptance and use of information technology: extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. MIS Q 36:157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/41410412","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"key":"985_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.2307\/30036540","volume":"27","author":"V Venkatesh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Venkatesh V, Morris MG, Davis GB, work(s): FDDR, (2003) User acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view. MIS Q 27:425\u2013478","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"key":"985_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.22458","volume":"30","author":"C Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang C, Tang Y, Kassem MA et al (2022) Application of VR technology in civil engineering education. Comp Appl Eng 30:335\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cae.22458","journal-title":"Comp Appl Eng"},{"key":"985_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1006\/ceps.1999.1015","volume":"25","author":"A Wigfield","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wigfield A, Eccles JS (2000) Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation. Contemp Educ Psychol 25:68\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/ceps.1999.1015","journal-title":"Contemp Educ Psychol"},{"key":"985_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings10120229","volume":"10","author":"J Yan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yan J, Kensek K, Konis K, Noble D (2020) CFD visualization in a virtual reality environment using building information modeling tools. Buildings 10:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/buildings10120229","journal-title":"Buildings"},{"key":"985_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1177\/0266666911414596","volume":"27","author":"T Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou T (2011) Understanding mobile Internet continuance usage from the perspectives of UTAUT and flow. Inf Dev 27:207\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0266666911414596","journal-title":"Inf Dev"},{"key":"985_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-012-0613-3","volume":"17","author":"T Zhou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou T (2013a) Understanding the effect of flow on user adoption of mobile games. Pers Ubiquit Comput 17:741\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00779-012-0613-3","journal-title":"Pers Ubiquit Comput"},{"key":"985_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2011.650711","volume":"32","author":"T Zhou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhou T (2013b) The effect of flow experience on user adoption of mobile TV. Behav Inf Technol 32:263\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0144929X.2011.650711","journal-title":"Behav Inf Technol"},{"key":"985_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1108\/02635571011055126","volume":"110","author":"T Zhou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhou T, Li H, Liu Y (2010) The effect of flow experience on mobile SNS users\u2019 loyalty. Ind Manag Data Syst 110:930\u2013946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/02635571011055126","journal-title":"Ind Manag Data Syst"}],"container-title":["Virtual Reality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10055-024-00985-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10055-024-00985-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10055-024-00985-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T19:32:53Z","timestamp":1719516773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10055-024-00985-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-024-00985-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-9957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-9957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 December 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"An ethical approval (G-2021\u20134281-R3(AMD)) was obtained from the ethics committee at KU Leuven to comply with standards for processing personal data in academic contexts. Participants signed a consent form before the experiments.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"88"}}