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However, the application of this method requires adequate training in using the employed system. In our study, we assessed which skills pose the greatest challenges in performing such procedures. The article proposes a training module characterized by an innovative approach: the possibility of practicing the diagnosis, planning, execution stages and the physical possibility of performing the execution stage on the radiological phantom of the abdominal cavity. The proposed approach was evaluated by designing a set of 4 exercises corresponding to the 3 phases mentioned. To the research group included 10 radiologists and 5 residents in the study. Based on 20 clinical cases of liver tumors subjected to percutaneous thermoablation, we developed assessment tasks evaluating four skill categories: head-mounted display (HMD), ultrasound (US)\/computed tomography (CT) image fusion interpretation, tracking system use, and the ability to insert a needle<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold> The results were presented using the Likert scale. The results of our study indicate that the most challenging aspect for radiology specialists is adapting to HMD gesture control, while residents point to intraoperative images of fusion and respiratory movements in the liver as the most problematic. In terms of improving the ability to perform procedures on new patients, the module also allows you to create a new hologram for a different clinical case.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-024-01038-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T21:01:48Z","timestamp":1721336508000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Towards overcoming barriers to the clinical deployment of mixed reality image-guided navigation systems supporting percutaneous ablation of liver focal lesions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Dominik","family":"Spinczyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Rosiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Milczarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dariusz","family":"Konecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"\u017by\u0142kowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jakub","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Pech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Rohmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karol","family":"Zaczkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ania","family":"Woli\u0144ska-So\u0142tys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Sperka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dawid","family":"Hajda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Pi\u0119tka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1038_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviscsurg.2023.01.008","author":"B Acidi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Acidi B, Ghallab M, Cotin S, Vibert E, Golse N (2023) Augmented reality in liver surgery. 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To ensure the results presented in this publication are as unbiased as possible, Holo4Med employees participated solely in the training of radiology specialists. The task evaluation process was conducted by individuals working in clinics who did not receive remuneration or have an employment relationship with Holo4Med. Furthermore, individuals without any affiliation or compensation from Holo4Med were involved in manuscript preparation, and the final version of the paper was approved by all authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Bioethics Commission of the Medical University of Warsaw, approval number KB\/33\/2018.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All patients signed informed consent forms to participate.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"138"}}