{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T15:51:44Z","timestamp":1783612304927,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008131","name":"Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virtual Reality"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>This article analyses the state-of-the-art of virtual reality (VR) in higher education and provides an overview of the VR literature and identifies the need for the definition of key terms. Thus, it introduces three types of VR according to immersion level. Furthermore, analysis reveals a lack of systematic literature reviews (SLRs) on learning using immersive virtual reality (IVR). This article presents the results of the first SLR of the scientific literature on IVR in higher education indexed in Web of Science. A total of 291 articles were collected out of which 50 were selected for full-text analysis. We report three findings. First, we categorise and cluster the literature into formal aspects and research design and conclude that IVR research remains in its infancy. Furthermore, it lacks a sound and standardised research framework and design as well as comparative studies that are repeated for validation. Second, we analyse and discuss the current results and outcomes of the scientific research and identify the diversity of the reported research and learning outcomes with contradictory results, which are frequently due to specific and isolated scenarios. Third, this work is the first systematic scoping review on all studies from Web of Science that focuses on the use of IVR in higher education in general. We offer a unique overview of scientific articles on IVR in higher education without any limitation in time, scope or topic. Notably, the majority of the 50 articles do not present evidence-based and validated results; in particular, discussions and results related to pedagogical aspects are lacking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-025-01136-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T16:00:15Z","timestamp":1743868815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Immersive virtual reality in higher education: a systematic review of the scientific literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9656-8298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian M.","family":"Stracke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7119-7731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia","family":"Bothe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9653-9005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn Susanne","family":"Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8804-1752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Deuchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5331-5390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny","family":"Pomino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1601-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"W\u00f6lfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1136_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-022-10161-5","volume":"71","author":"FJ Agbo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Agbo FJ, Oyelere SS, Suhonen J, Tukiainen M (2022) Design, development, and evaluation of a virtual reality game-based application to support computational thinking. Education Tech Research Dev 71:505\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11423-022-10161-5","journal-title":"Education Tech Research Dev"},{"key":"1136_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3991\/ijet.v14i05.9998","volume":"14","author":"A Al-Azawei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Azawei A, Baiee WR, Mohammed MA (2019) Learners\u2019 experience towards E-assessment tools: a comparative study on virtual reality and moodle quiz. Int J Emerg Technol Learn (iJET) 14:34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3991\/ijet.v14i05.9998","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Technol Learn (iJET)"},{"key":"1136_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1080\/02601370.2021.2015635","volume":"41","author":"F Ali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ali F, Tan SC (2022) Emotions and lifelong learning: synergies between neuroscience research and transformative learning theory. Int J Lifelong Educ 41:76\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02601370.2021.2015635","journal-title":"Int J Lifelong Educ"},{"key":"1136_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alizadeh M, Cowie N (2022) Language learning and virtual reality: a scoping review. ASCILITE Publications, p e22258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14742\/apubs.2022.258","DOI":"10.14742\/apubs.2022.258"},{"key":"1136_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12478","volume":"37","author":"MS Andersen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andersen MS, Makransky G (2020) The validation and further development of a multidimensional cognitive load scale for virtual environments. J Comput Assist Learn 37:183\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.12478","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Learn"},{"key":"1136_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bamodu O, Ye X (2013) Virtual reality and virtual reality system components. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on systems engineering and modeling. Atlantis Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2991\/icsem.2013.192","DOI":"10.2991\/icsem.2013.192"},{"key":"1136_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benjamin MW, Sabri O (2021) Using haptic feedback in a virtual reality bone drilling simulation to reduce plunge distance. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.18315. Cureus","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.18315"},{"key":"1136_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25304\/rlt.v26.2128","author":"J Birt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Birt J, Cowling M (2018) Assessing mobile mixed reality affordances as a comparative visualisation pedagogy for design communication. Res Learn Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25304\/rlt.v26.2128","journal-title":"Res Learn Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1136_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.34190\/ejel.21.6.3215","volume":"22","author":"N Bisswang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bisswang N, Petrik D, Heum\u00fcller E, Richter S (2023) What is your VR use case for educational like: a state-of-the-art taxonomy. Electron J e-Learn 22(3):46\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34190\/ejel.21.6.3215","journal-title":"Electron J e-Learn"},{"key":"1136_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12484","volume":"37","author":"J Boetje","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boetje J, van Ginkel S (2020) The added benefit of an extra practice session in virtual reality on the development of presentation skills: a randomized control trial. J Comput Assist Learn 37:253\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.12484","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Learn"},{"key":"1136_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.7636568","volume":"18","author":"A Bozkurt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bozkurt A, Xiao J, Lambert S, Pazurek A, Crompton H, Koseoglu S, Jandri\u0107 P (2023) Speculative futures on ChatGPT and generative artificial intelligence (AI): a collective reflection from the educational landscape. Asian J Distance Educ 18:53\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.7636568","journal-title":"Asian J Distance Educ"},{"key":"1136_CR12","unstructured":"Broderick D (1982) The Judas Mandala"},{"key":"1136_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3390\/asi5030044","volume":"5","author":"J Cabero-Almenara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cabero-Almenara J, Llorente-Cejudo C, Martinez-Roig R (2022) The use of mixed, augmented and virtual reality in history of art teaching: a case study. Appl Syst Innov 5:44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/asi5030044","journal-title":"Appl Syst Innov"},{"key":"1136_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cabrera-Duffaut A, Pinto-Llorente AM, Iglesias-Rodr\u00edguez A (2024) Immersive learning platforms: analyzing virtual reality contribution to competence development in higher education\u2014a systematic literature review. Front Educ 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2024.1391560","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2024.1391560"},{"key":"1136_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2022.965640","author":"E Campos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Campos E, Hidrogo I, Zavala G (2022) Impact of virtual reality use on the teaching and learning of vectors. Front Educ. 7https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/feduc.2022.965640","journal-title":"Front Educ"},{"key":"1136_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1080\/07380569.2021.1911555","volume":"38","author":"M \u00c7oban","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00c7oban M, Kayserili A (2021) Exploring the presence of prospective teachers in the virtual reality environment: a qualitative study. Comput Sch 38:142\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07380569.2021.1911555","journal-title":"Comput Sch"},{"key":"1136_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2307\/249008","volume":"13","author":"FD Davis","year":"1989","unstructured":"Davis FD (1989) Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Q 13:319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/249008","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"key":"1136_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13030","volume":"51","author":"AF Di Natale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Di Natale AF, Repetto C, Riva G, Villani D (2020) Immersive virtual reality in K-12 and higher education: A 10\u2010year systematic review of empirical research. Br J Edu Technol 51:2006\u20132033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.13030","journal-title":"Br J Edu Technol"},{"key":"1136_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eisentr\u00e4ger M, Adler S, Kennel M, M\u00f6ser S (2018) Changeability in engineering\u2014symbioses of agile methodologies and virtual engineering. In: Proceesings of ICE\/IEEE\u2014international conference of engineering, technology, and innovation, pp 28\u201335","DOI":"10.1109\/ICE.2018.8436295"},{"key":"1136_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e315","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.315","volume":"6","author":"IS Fitton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fitton IS, Finnegan DJ, Proulx MJ (2020) Immersive virtual environments and embodied agents for e-learning applications. PeerJ Comput Sci 6:e315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj-cs.315","journal-title":"PeerJ Comput Sci"},{"key":"1136_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iheduc.2021.100804","volume":"50","author":"J Fromm","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fromm J, Radianti J, Wehking C, Stieglitz S, Majchrzak TA, vom Brocke J (2021) More than experience? On the unique opportunities of virtual reality to afford a holistic experiential learning cycle. Internet High Educ 50:100804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iheduc.2021.100804","journal-title":"Internet High Educ"},{"key":"1136_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40692-020-00169-2","volume":"8","author":"D Hamilton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hamilton D, McKechnie J, Edgerton E, Wilson C (2020) Immersive virtual reality as a pedagogical tool in education: a systematic literature review of quantitative learning outcomes and experimental design. J Comput Educ 8:1\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40692-020-00169-2","journal-title":"J Comput Educ"},{"key":"1136_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/mti7060056","volume":"7","author":"D Hepperle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hepperle D, W\u00f6lfel M (2023) Similarities and differences between immersive virtual reality, real world, and computer screens: a systematic scoping review in human behavior studies. Multimodal Technol Interact 7:56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mti7060056","journal-title":"Multimodal Technol Interact"},{"key":"1136_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.3390\/su11061605","volume":"11","author":"L-H Ho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ho L-H, Sun H, Tsai T-H (2019) Research on 3D painting in virtual reality to improve students\u2019 motivation of 3D animation learning. Sustainability 11:1605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su11061605","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1136_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1002\/jdd.12915","volume":"86","author":"Y Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang Y, Cheng X, Chan U, Zheng L, Hu Y, Sun Y, Yang X (2022) Virtual reality approach for orthodontic education at school of stomatology, Jinan university. J Dent Educ 86:1025\u20131035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jdd.12915","journal-title":"J Dent Educ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1136_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.37074\/jalt.2023.6.2.33","volume":"6","author":"R Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang R, Tlili A, Xu L, Chen Y, Zheng L, Saleh Metwally AH, Da T, Bonk CJ (2023) Educational futures of intelligent synergies between humans, digital twins, avatars, and robots\u2014the iSTAR framework. J Appl Learn Teach 6(2):28\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37074\/jalt.2023.6.2.33","journal-title":"J Appl Learn Teach"},{"key":"1136_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jackson RL, Fagan E (2000) Collaboration and learning within immersive virtual reality. In: Proceedings of the third international conference on Collaborative virtual environments. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/351006.351018","DOI":"10.1145\/351006.351018"},{"key":"1136_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34860","DOI":"10.2196\/34860","volume":"8","author":"H Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang H, Vimalesvaran S, Wang JK, Lim KB, Mogali SR, Car LT (2022) Virtual reality in medical students\u2019 education: scoping review. JMIR Med Educ 8:e34860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/34860","journal-title":"JMIR Med Educ"},{"key":"1136_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi11030180","volume":"11","author":"K Jochecov\u00e1","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jochecov\u00e1 K, \u010cern\u00fd M, Stacho\u0148 Z, \u0160vedov\u00e1 H, K\u00e1\u010dov\u00e1 N, Chmel\u00edk J, a\u0161inka \u010c (2022) Geography education in a collaborative virtual environment: a qualitative study on geography teachers. ISPRS Int J Geo Inf 11:180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijgi11030180","journal-title":"ISPRS Int J Geo Inf"},{"key":"1136_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1515\/phys-2017-0114","volume":"15","author":"D Kami\u0144ska","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kami\u0144ska D, Sapi\u0144ski T, Aitken N, Rocca AD, Bara\u0144ska M, Wietsma R (2017) Virtual reality as a new trend in mechanical and electrical engineering education. Open Phys 15:936\u2013941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/phys-2017-0114","journal-title":"Open Phys"},{"key":"1136_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9116","DOI":"10.3390\/su14159116","volume":"14","author":"T Kee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kee T, Zhang H (2022) Digital experiential learning for sustainable horticulture and landscape management education. Sustainability 14:9116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su14159116","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1136_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215824402210933","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440221093348","volume":"12","author":"MG Kluge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kluge MG, Maltby S, Keynes A, Nalivaiko E, Evans DJ, Walker FR (2022a) Current state and general perceptions of the use of extended reality (XR) technology at the university of Newcastle: interviews and surveys from staff and students. SAGE Open 12:215824402210933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21582440221093348","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"1136_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4531","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11364-2","volume":"28","author":"MG Kluge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kluge MG, Maltby S, Kuhne C, Evans DJ, Walker FR (2022b) Comparing approaches for selection, development, and deployment of extended reality (XR) teaching applications: a case study at the university of Newcastle Australia. Educ Inform Technol 28:4531\u20134562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-022-11364-2","journal-title":"Educ Inform Technol"},{"key":"1136_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1007\/s10956-019-09785-9","volume":"28","author":"RL Lamb","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lamb RL, Etopio E (2019) Virtual reality simulations and writing: a neuroimaging study in science education. J Sci Edu Technol 28:542\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10956-019-09785-9","journal-title":"J Sci Edu Technol"},{"key":"1136_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36918","DOI":"10.15448\/1980-6108.2020.1.36918","volume":"30","author":"J Leppink","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leppink J (2020) Revisiting cognitive load theory: second thoughts and unaddressed questions. Sci Med 30:e36918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15448\/1980-6108.2020.1.36918","journal-title":"Sci Med"},{"key":"1136_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2021.107282","volume":"93","author":"M Lopez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lopez M, Arriaga JG, Nigenda \u00c1lvarez JP, Gonz\u00e1lez RT, Elizondo-Leal JA, Valdez-Garc\u00eda JE, Carri\u00f3n B (2021) Virtual reality vs traditional education: Is there any advantage in human neuroanatomy teaching? Comput Electr Eng 93:107282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2021.107282","journal-title":"Comput Electr Eng"},{"key":"1136_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-022-10152-6","volume":"70","author":"J Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu J, Schmidt M, Lee M, Huang R (2022) Usability research in educational technology: a state-of-the-art systematic review. Educ Techno Res Dev 70:1951\u20131992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11423-022-10152-6","journal-title":"Educ Techno Res Dev"},{"key":"1136_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12538","volume":"37","author":"H Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo H, Li G, Feng Q, Yang Y, Zuo M (2021) Virtual reality in K-12 and higher education: a systematic review of the literature from 2000 to 2019. J Comput Assist Learn 37:887\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcal.12538","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Learn"},{"key":"1136_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10653-6","volume":"27","author":"B Marks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marks B, Thomas J (2021) Adoption of virtual reality technology in higher education: an evaluation of five teaching semesters in a purpose-designed laboratory. Educ Inform Technol 27:1287\u20131305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10653-6","journal-title":"Educ Inform Technol"},{"key":"1136_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.814984","author":"AJ Marques","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marques AJ, Gomes Veloso P, Ara\u00fajo M, de Almeida RS, Correia A, Pereira J, Silva CF (2022) Impact of a virtual reality-based simulation on empathy and attitudes toward schizophrenia. Front Psychol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.814984","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"1136_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mayer RE (2014) Introduction to multimedia learning. In: The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning. Cambridge University Press, pp 1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cbo9781139547369.002","DOI":"10.1017\/cbo9781139547369.002"},{"key":"1136_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scijus.2020.07.006","volume":"60","author":"R Mayne","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mayne R, Green H (2020) Virtual reality for teaching and learning in crime scene investigation. Sci Justice 60:466\u2013472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scijus.2020.07.006","journal-title":"Sci Justice"},{"key":"1136_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1109\/tvcg.2012.43","volume":"18","author":"RP McMahan","year":"2012","unstructured":"McMahan RP, Bowman DA, Zielinski DJ, Brady RB (2012) Evaluating display fidelity and interaction fidelity in a virtual reality game. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 18:626\u2013633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tvcg.2012.43","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"1136_CR49","first-page":"1321","volume":"77","author":"P Milgram","year":"1994","unstructured":"Milgram P, Kishino F (1994) A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE Trans Inf Syst 77:1321\u20131329. https:\/\/cs.gmu.edu\/~zduric\/cs499\/Readings\/r76JBo-Milgram_IEICE_1994.pdf","journal-title":"IEICE Trans Inf Syst"},{"key":"1136_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10755-021-09551-z","volume":"46","author":"MD Miller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miller MD, Castillo G, Medoff N, Hardy A (2021) Immersive VR for organic chemistry: impacts on performance and grades for first-generation and continuing-generation university students. Innov High Educ 46:565\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10755-021-09551-z","journal-title":"Innov High Educ"},{"key":"1136_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2009) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med 6:e1000097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1136_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Murray JT (2022) RealityFlow: open-source multi-user immersive authoring. In: 2022 IEEE conference on virtual reality and 3D user interfaces abstracts and workshops (VRW). IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/vrw55335.2022.00024","DOI":"10.1109\/vrw55335.2022.00024"},{"issue":"4","key":"1136_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.3390\/virtualworlds3040026","volume":"3","author":"AR Muzata","year":"2024","unstructured":"Muzata AR, Singh G, Stepanov MS, Musonda I (2024) Immersive learning: a systematic literature review on transforming engineering education through virtual reality. Virtual Worlds 2024 3(4):480\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/virtualworlds3040026","journal-title":"Virtual Worlds 2024"},{"key":"1136_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/21650349.2021.1929500","volume":"9","author":"MA Neroni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Neroni MA, Oti A, Crilly N (2021) Virtual reality design-build-test games with physics simulation: opportunities for researching design cognition. Int J Des Creat Innov 9:139\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21650349.2021.1929500","journal-title":"Int J Des Creat Innov"},{"key":"1136_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci11010008","volume":"11","author":"K Nesenbergs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nesenbergs K, Abolins V, Ormanis J, Mednis A (2020) Use of augmented and virtual reality in remote higher education: a systematic umbrella. Rev Educ Sci 11:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/educsci11010008","journal-title":"Rev Educ Sci"},{"key":"1136_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2020.1870504","volume":"31","author":"I Nicolaidou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nicolaidou I, Pissas P, Boglou D (2021) Comparing immersive virtual reality to mobile applications in foreign language learning in higher education: a quasi-experiment. Interact Learn Environ 31:2001\u20132015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2020.1870504","journal-title":"Interact Learn Environ"},{"key":"1136_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-022-00687-7","volume":"27","author":"AD Obukhov","year":"2022","unstructured":"Obukhov AD, Krasnyanskiy MN, Dedov DL, Nazarova AO (2022) The study of virtual reality influence on the process of professional training of miners. Virtual Real 27:735\u2013759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-022-00687-7","journal-title":"Virtual Real"},{"key":"1136_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Moher D (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"1136_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12290","volume":"109","author":"X Pan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pan X, Hamilton AF (2018) Why and how to use virtual reality to study human social interaction: the challenges of exploring a new research landscape. Br J Psychol 109:395\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjop.12290","journal-title":"Br J Psychol"},{"key":"1136_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25304\/rlt.v29.2482","author":"P Pande","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pande P, Thit A, S\u00f8rensen AE, Mojsoska B, Moeller ME, Jepsen PM (2021) Long-term effectiveness of immersive VR simulations in undergraduate science learning: lessons from a media-comparison study. Res Learn Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25304\/rlt.v29.2482","journal-title":"Res Learn Technol"},{"key":"1136_CR61","unstructured":"Papagiannis H (2017) Augmented Human. O\u2019Reilly UK Ltd. https:\/\/www.ebook.de\/de\/product\/24777492\/helen_papagiannis_augmented_human.html"},{"key":"1136_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-018-0363-2","volume":"23","author":"G Papanastasiou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papanastasiou G, Drigas A, Skianis C, Lytras M, Papanastasiou E (2018) Virtual and augmented reality effects on K-12, higher and tertiary education students\u2019 twenty-first century skills. Virtual Real 23:425\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-018-0363-2","journal-title":"Virtual Real"},{"key":"1136_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5049","DOI":"10.3390\/su13095049","volume":"13","author":"A Paszkiewicz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paszkiewicz A, Salach M, Dymora P, Bolanowski M, Budzik G, Kubiak P (2021) Methodology of implementing virtual reality in education for industry 4.0. Sustainability 13:5049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su13095049","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1136_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1109\/tlt.2020.3019405","volume":"13","author":"N Pellas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pellas N, Dengel A, Christopoulos A (2020) A scoping review of immersive virtual reality in STEM education. IEEE Trans Learn Technol 13:748\u2013761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tlt.2020.3019405","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Learn Technol"},{"key":"1136_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-020-00489-9","volume":"25","author":"N Pellas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pellas N, Mystakidis S, Kazanidis I (2021) Immersive virtual reality in K-12 and higher education: a systematic review of the last decade scientific literature. Virtual Real 25:835\u2013861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-020-00489-9","journal-title":"Virtual Real"},{"key":"1136_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.2113","volume":"15","author":"JD Pickering","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pickering JD, Panagiotis A, Ntakakis G, Athanassiou A, Babatsikos E, Bamidis PD (2021) Assessing the difference in learning gain between a mixed reality application and drawing screencasts in neuroanatomy. Anat Sci Educ 15:628\u2013635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ase.2113","journal-title":"Anat Sci Educ"},{"key":"1136_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Przybylka N (2022) Wer Versetzt Wen Oder was wohin - und Wozu?? MedienP\u00e4dagogik: Z F\u00fcr Theorie Und Praxis Der Medienbildung 441\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21240\/mpaed\/jb18\/2022.03.06.x","DOI":"10.21240\/mpaed\/jb18\/2022.03.06.x"},{"key":"1136_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2021.104773","volume":"98","author":"J Qiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiao J, Xu J, Li L, Ouyang Y-Q (2021) The integration of immersive virtual reality simulation in interprofessional education: a scoping review. Nurse Educ Today 98:104773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nedt.2021.104773","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"1136_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103778","volume":"147","author":"J Radianti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Radianti J, Majchrzak TA, Fromm J, Wohlgenannt I (2020) A systematic review of immersive virtual reality applications for higher education: design elements, lessons learned, and research agenda. Comput Educ 147:103778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103778","journal-title":"Comput Educ"},{"key":"1136_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rodriguez DV, de Arias PF Santos, de la Iglesia C, Sancho AA (2022) Virtual reality: sustainable technologies. DYNA 97:546\u2013550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6036\/10482","DOI":"10.6036\/10482"},{"key":"1136_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105248","volume":"152","author":"A Salatino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salatino A, Zavattaro C, Gammeri R, Cirillo E, Piatti ML, Pyasik M, Ricci R (2023) Virtual reality rehabilitation for unilateral spatial neglect: a systematic review of immersive, semi-immersive and non-immersive techniques. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews 152:105248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105248","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"1136_CR73","unstructured":"Say M (2019) VR and AR attract education sector interest. UKAuthority. https:\/\/www.ukauthority.com\/articles\/vr-and-ar-attract-education-sector-interest"},{"key":"1136_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/cae.22172","volume":"28","author":"RJ Segura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Segura RJ, del Pino FJ, Og\u00e1yar CJ, Rueda AJ (2019) VR-OCKS: a virtual reality game for learning the basic concepts of programming. Comput Appl Eng Educ 28:31\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cae.22172","journal-title":"Comput Appl Eng Educ"},{"key":"1136_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6428","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2022.2039946","volume":"31","author":"XN Skosana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Skosana XN, Mpofu K, Trimble J, van Wyk EA (2022) An empirical framework for developing and evaluating a virtual assembly training system in learning factories. Interact Learn Environ 31:6428\u20136444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10494820.2022.2039946","journal-title":"Interact Learn Environ"},{"key":"1136_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12305","volume":"109","author":"M Slater","year":"2018","unstructured":"Slater M (2018) Immersion and the illusion of presence in virtual reality. Br J Psychol 109:431\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjop.12305","journal-title":"Br J Psychol"},{"key":"1136_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2022.914392","author":"M Slater","year":"2022","unstructured":"Slater M, Banakou D, Beacco A, Gallego J, Macia-Varela F, Oliva R (2022) A separate reality: an update on place illusion and plausibility in virtual reality. Front Virtual Real. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frvir.2022.914392","journal-title":"Front Virtual Real"},{"key":"1136_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215824402211180","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440221118083","volume":"12","author":"L \u015al\u00f3sarz","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u015al\u00f3sarz L, Jurczyk-Romanowska E, Rosi\u0144czuk J, Kazimierska-Zaj\u0105c M (2022) Virtual reality as a teaching resource which reinforces emotions in the teaching process. SAGE Open 12:215824402211180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21582440221118083","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"1136_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2021.107570","volume":"156","author":"S Solmaz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Solmaz S, Van Gerven T (2022) Interactive CFD simulations with virtual reality to support learning in mixing. Comput Chem Eng 156:107570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2021.107570","journal-title":"Comput Chem Eng"},{"key":"1136_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v20i2.4213","author":"CM Stracke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stracke CM (2019) Quality frameworks and learning design for open education. Int Rev Res Open Distrib Learn. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19173\/irrodl.v20i2.4213","journal-title":"Int Rev Res Open Distrib Learn"},{"key":"1136_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stracke CM (2020) Open science and radical solutions for diversity, equity and quality in research: a literature review of different research schools, philosophies and frameworks and their potential impact on science and education. In: Radical solutions and open science. Springer, Singapore, pp. 17\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-15-4276-3_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-4276-3_2"},{"key":"1136_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.19173\/irrodl.v23i4.6120","volume":"23","author":"CM Stracke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stracke CM, Sharma RC, Bozkurt A, Burgos D, Swiatek Cassafieres C, Inamorato dos Santos A, Cox G (2022a) Impact of COVID-19 on formal education: an international review of practices and potentials of open education at a distance. Int Rev Res Open Distrib Learn 23:1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19173\/irrodl.v23i4.6120","journal-title":"Int Rev Res Open Distrib Learn"},{"key":"1136_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.3390\/su14031876","volume":"14","author":"CM Stracke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stracke CM, Burgos D, Santos-Hermosa G, Bozkurt A, Sharma RC, Cassafieres S, Truong C, V (2022b) Responding to the initial challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of international responses and impact in school and higher education. Sustainability 14:1876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su14031876","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"1136_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.3390\/su14031876","volume":"23","author":"CM Stracke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stracke CM, Bozkurt A, McGreal R, Zawacki-Richter O (2023a) Open educational resources and their global needs, benefits and practices: the call for a future research agenda. IEEE Bull Techn Comm Learn Technol 23:20\u201323","journal-title":"IEEE Bull Techn Comm Learn Technol"},{"key":"1136_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.37074\/jalt.2023.6.2.38","volume":"6","author":"CM Stracke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stracke CM, Chounta I-A, Holmes W, Tlili A, Bozkurt A (2023b) A standardised PRISMA-based protocol for systematic reviews of the scientific literature on artificial intelligence and education (AI&ED). J Appl Learn Teach 6:64\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37074\/jalt.2023.6.2.38","journal-title":"J Appl Learn Teach"},{"key":"1136_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stracke CM, Bothe P, Adler S, Heller ES, Deuchler J, Pomino J, W\u00f6lfel M (2025) Immersive virtual reality in higher education: a systematic review of the scientific literature\u2014the analysis categories and results. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.15039897","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.15039897"},{"key":"1136_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-64315-6_21","volume":"2150","author":"CM Stracke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stracke CM, Chounta I-A, Holmes W (2024b) Global trends in scientific debates on trustworthy and ethical artificial intelligence and education. Artif Intell Educ Commun Comput Inf Sci 2150:254\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-64315-6_21","journal-title":"Artif Intell Educ Commun Comput Inf Sci"},{"key":"1136_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1108\/el-05-2020-0116","volume":"38","author":"RL Suen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suen RL, Chiu DK, Tang JK (2020) Virtual reality services in academic libraries: deployment experience in Hong Kong. Electron Libr 38:843\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/el-05-2020-0116","journal-title":"Electron Libr"},{"key":"1136_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/bjet.13003","volume":"52","author":"B Sung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sung B, Mergelsberg E, Teah M, D\u2019Silva B, Phau I (2020) The effectiveness of a marketing virtual reality learning simulation: a quantitative survey with psychophysiological measures. Br J Edu Technol 52:196\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjet.13003","journal-title":"Br J Edu Technol"},{"key":"1136_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1022193728205","volume":"10","author":"J Sweller","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sweller J, van Merrienboer JJ, Paas FG (1998) Cognitive architecture and instructional design. Educ Psychol Rev 10:251\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1022193728205","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1136_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-019-09465-5","volume":"31","author":"J Sweller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sweller J, van Merri\u00ebnboer JJ, Paas F (2019) Cognitive architecture and instructional design: 20 years later. Educ Psychol Rev 31:261\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10648-019-09465-5","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1136_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.34105\/j.kmel.2022.14.023","volume":"14","author":"A Tlili","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tlili A, Burgos D, Stracke CM, Mason J, Denden M, Altinay F, Nascimbeni F (2022) Impact of personality on educator attitudes towards open educational resources. Knowl Manag E-Learn 14:444\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34105\/j.kmel.2022.14.023","journal-title":"Knowl Manag E-Learn"},{"key":"1136_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7019","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-10912-0","volume":"27","author":"U Tugtekin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tugtekin U, Odabasi HF (2022) Do interactive learning environments have an effect on learning outcomes, cognitive load and metacognitive judgments?? Educ Inform Technol 27:7019\u20137058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-022-10912-0","journal-title":"Educ Inform Technol"},{"key":"1136_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2023.1159905","author":"N van der Meer","year":"2023","unstructured":"van der Meer N, van der Werf V, Brinkman W-P, Specht M (2023) Virtual reality and collaborative learning: a systematic literature review. Front Virtual Real. 4https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frvir.2023.1159905","journal-title":"Front Virtual Real"},{"key":"1136_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.02.006","volume":"134","author":"S van Ginkel","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Ginkel S, Gulikers J, Biemans H, Noroozi O, Roozen M, Bos T, Mulder M (2019) Fostering oral presentation competence through a virtual reality-based task for delivering feedback. Comput Educ 134:78\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.02.006","journal-title":"Comput Educ"},{"key":"1136_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.889125","author":"C-Y van Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang C-Y, Lu C-Y, Yang S-Y, Tsai S-C, Huang T-W (2022) 3D virtual reality smartphone training for chemotherapy drug administration by non-oncology nurses: a randomized controlled trial. Front Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2022.889125","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"1136_CR98","unstructured":"Weinbaum SG (1935) Pygmalion\u2019s spectacles. Feedbooks"},{"key":"1136_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cexr.2024.100064","volume":"4","author":"A Wiepke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wiepke A, Heinemann B (2024) A systematic literature review on user factors to support the sense of presence in virtual reality learning environments. Comput Educ X Real 4:100064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cexr.2024.100064","journal-title":"Comput Educ X Real"},{"key":"1136_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wilkinson M, Brantley S, Feng J (2021) A mini review of presence and immersion in virtual reality. In: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting, vol 65, pp 1099\u20131103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1071181321651148","DOI":"10.1177\/1071181321651148"},{"key":"1136_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-66908-2","volume-title":"Immersive Virtuelle realit\u00e4t: grundlagen, technologien, anwendungen","author":"M W\u00f6lfel","year":"2023","unstructured":"W\u00f6lfel M (2023) Immersive Virtuelle realit\u00e4t: grundlagen, technologien, anwendungen. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-66908-2"},{"key":"1136_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-022-09314-5","volume":"35","author":"E Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang E, Park S, Ryu J, Lim T (2022) How does dental students\u2019 expertise influence their clinical performance and perceived task load in a virtual dental lab?? J Comput High Educ 35:245\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12528-022-09314-5","journal-title":"J Comput High Educ"},{"key":"1136_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.3897\/jucs.2020.049","volume":"26","author":"G Young","year":"2020","unstructured":"Young G, Stehle S, Walsh B, Tiri E (2020) Exploring virtual reality in the higher education classroom: using VR to build knowledge and Understanding. JUCS J Univers Comput Sci 26:904\u2013928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/jucs.2020.049","journal-title":"JUCS J Univers Comput Sci"},{"key":"1136_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-019-0171-0","author":"O Zawacki-Richter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zawacki-Richter O, Mar\u00edn VI, Bond M, Gouverneur F (2019) Systematic review of research on artificial intelligence applications in higher education\u2014where are the educators? Int J Educ Technol High Educ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41239-019-0171-0","journal-title":"Int J Educ Technol High Educ"}],"container-title":["Virtual Reality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10055-025-01136-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10055-025-01136-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10055-025-01136-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]],"date-time":"2025-06-21T09:58:59Z","timestamp":1750499939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10055-025-01136-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-025-01136-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-9957"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1434-9957","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The research has not involved human participants and\/or animals.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical standards"}}],"article-number":"64"}}