{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T07:25:03Z","timestamp":1764573903429,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education","award":["RS-2024-00461269","RS-2024-00461269","RS-2024-00461269","RS-2024-00461269","RS-2024-00461269","RS-2024-00461269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00461269","RS-2024-00461269","RS-2024-00461269","RS-2024-00461269","RS-2024-00461269","RS-2024-00461269"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government","award":["RS-2024-00343397","RS-2024-00343397","RS-2024-00343397","RS-2024-00343397","RS-2024-00343397","RS-2024-00343397"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00343397","RS-2024-00343397","RS-2024-00343397","RS-2024-00343397","RS-2024-00343397","RS-2024-00343397"]}]},{"name":"GIST-MIT Research Collaboration grant funded by the GIST in 2025"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virtual Reality"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-025-01234-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T12:21:09Z","timestamp":1758198069000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ReD shoes: actuated footwear for multisensory redirected walking in virtual reality"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Aya","family":"Ataya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elsharkawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jieun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Seokhyun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Minwoo","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"SeungJun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1234_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3940(03)00098-3","volume":"340","author":"H Akiduki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Akiduki H, Nishiike S, Watanabe H, Matsuoka K, Kubo T, Takeda N (2003) Visual-vestibular conflict induced by virtual reality in humans. Neurosci Lett 340:197\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0304-3940(03)00098-3","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1234_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-013-3685-z","volume":"231","author":"AS Aruin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aruin AS, Kanekar N (2013) Effect of a textured insole on balance and gait symmetry. Exp Brain Res 231:201\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-013-3685-z","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1234_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2019.2899228","volume":"25","author":"L B\u00f6lling","year":"2019","unstructured":"B\u00f6lling L, Stein N, Steinicke F, Lappe M (2019) Shrinking circles: adaptation to increased curvature gain in redirected walking. IEEE Trans vis Comput Graph 25:2032\u20132039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2019.2899228","journal-title":"IEEE Trans vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"1234_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21681163.2023.2274391","author":"J Boulo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boulo J, Blanchette AK, Cyr A, McFadyen BJ (2023) Validity and reliability of the tracking measures extracted from the Oculus Quest 2 during locomotion. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng Imaging vis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21681163.2023.2274391","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng Imaging vis"},{"key":"1234_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20120999","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2012.0999","volume":"10","author":"SM Bruijn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bruijn SM, Meijer OG, Beek PJ, van Die\u00ebn JH (2013) Assessing the stability of human locomotion: a review of current measures. J R Soc Interface 10:20120999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2012.0999","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"key":"1234_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088002200610","volume":"22","author":"JG Casali","year":"1980","unstructured":"Casali JG, Wierwille WW (1980) The effects of various design alternatives on moving-base driving simulator discomfort. Hum Factors 22:741\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/001872088002200610","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"1234_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-021-00513-6","volume":"25","author":"P Caserman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Caserman P, Garcia-Agundez A, G\u00e1mez Zerban AG, G\u00f6bel S (2021) Cybersickness in current-generation virtual reality head-mounted displays: systematic review and outlook. Virtual Real 25:1153\u20131170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-021-00513-6","journal-title":"Virtual Real"},{"key":"1234_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078700700502","volume":"7","author":"PR Cavanagh","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cavanagh PR, Rodgers MM, Iiboshi A (1987) Pressure distribution under symptom-free feet during barefoot standing. Foot Ankle 7:262\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/107110078700700502","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"key":"1234_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8998","volume":"8","author":"X Cen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cen X, Xu D, Baker JS, Gu Y (2020) Effect of additional body weight on arch index and dynamic plantar pressure distribution during walking and gait termination. PeerJ 8:e8998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.8998","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"1234_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s40648-020-00167-0","volume":"7","author":"E Demircan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Demircan E (2020) A pilot study on locomotion training via biomechanical models and a wearable haptic feedback system. ROBOMECH J 7:19","journal-title":"ROBOMECH J"},{"key":"1234_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2021.736793","volume":"2","author":"AT Dilanchian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dilanchian AT, Andringa R, Boot WR (2021) A pilot study exploring age differences in presence, workload, and cybersickness in the experience of immersive virtual reality environments. Front Virtual Real 2:736793","journal-title":"Front Virtual Real"},{"key":"1234_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020875","volume":"487","author":"BB Edin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Edin BB, Johansson N (1995) Skin strain patterns provide kinaesthetic information to the human central nervous system. J Physiol 487:243\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020875","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1234_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elsharkawy A, Ataya A, Yeo D, Seong M, Hwang S, DelPreto J, Matusik W, Rus D, Kim S (2024) Adaptive in-vehicle virtual reality for reducing motion sickness: manipulating passenger posture during driving events companion (Ubi comp). In: Companion of the 2024 ACM international joint conference on pervasive and ubiquitous computing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3675094.3678381","DOI":"10.1145\/3675094.3678381"},{"key":"1234_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Elsharkawy AIA, Ataya AAS, Yeo D, An E, Hwang S, Kim SJ. 2024 SYNC-VR: synchronizing your senses to conquer motion sickness for enriching in-vehicle virtual reality. In: Proceedings of the chi conference on human factors in computing systems. ACM, New York, pp 1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3613904.3642941","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642941"},{"key":"1234_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frey M (2007) CabBoots: shoes with integrated guidance system. In: Proceedings of the 1st international conference on tangible and embedded interaction (Baton Rouge, Louisiana) (TEI 2007), 245\u2013246. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, p 1227019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1226969","DOI":"10.1145\/1226969"},{"key":"1234_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fukui G, Nakamura T, Matsumoto K, Narumi T, Kuzuoka H. 2023 Effects of wearing knee-tightening devices and presenting shear forces to the knee on redirected walking. In: Proceedings of the augmented humans international conference (Glasgow, United Kingdom) (AHs \u201923). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp 112\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3582700.3582720","DOI":"10.1145\/3582700.3582720"},{"key":"1234_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hart SG, Staveland LE (1988) Development of NASA-TLX (task load index): results of empirical and theoretical research. In: Human mental workload. Adv Psychol PA Hancock & N Meshkati (eds). North-Holland, Amsterdam, vol 52. Pp 139\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)62386-9"},{"key":"1234_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6489","DOI":"10.3390\/s23146489","volume":"23","author":"CST Hii","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hii CST, Gan KB, Zainal N, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Azmin S, Mat Desa SH, van de Warrenburg B, You HW (2023) Automated gait analysis based on a marker-free pose estimation model. Sensors 23:6489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23146489","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1234_CR20","unstructured":"Hitec (2025 ) Hitec HSB 9381st servo motor. https:\/\/hitecrcd.com\/products\/servos\/digital\/brushless-digital\/hsb-9381th\/product"},{"key":"1234_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.09.075","volume":"26","author":"JH Hollman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hollman JH, Brey RH, Bang TJ, Kaufman KR (2007) Does walking in a virtual environment induce unstable gait? An examination of vertical ground reaction forces. Gait Posture 26:289\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.09.075","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"1234_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-023-00851-7","volume":"27","author":"B Horsak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Horsak B, Simonlehner M, Dumphart B, Siragy T (2023) Overground walking while using a virtual reality head mounted display increases variability in trunk kinematics and reduces dynamic balance in young adults. Virtual Real 27:3021\u20133032","journal-title":"Virtual Real"},{"key":"1234_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2024.3372105","volume":"30","author":"Y Hoshikawa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hoshikawa Y, Fujita K, Takashima K, Fjeld M, Kitamura Y (2024) Redirecteddoors+: door-opening redirection with dynamic haptics in room-scale VR. IEEE Trans vis Comput Graph 30:2276\u20132286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2024.3372105","journal-title":"IEEE Trans vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"1234_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hu L, Zhang Y, Wang R, Gao Z, Bao H, Hua W (2019) Human sensitivity to slopes of slanted paths. In: IEEE conference on virtual reality and 3D user interfaces (VR), pp 984\u2013985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VR.2019.8798248","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2019.8798248"},{"key":"1234_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hwang S, Kim Y, Seo Y, Kim S (2023) Enhancing seamless walking in virtual reality: application of bone-conduction vibration in redirected walking. In: IEEE International symposium on mixed and augmented reality (ISMAR). IEEE, New York, pp 1181\u20131190. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISMAR59233.2023.00135","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR59233.2023.00135"},{"key":"1234_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hwang S, Lee J, Kim Y, Seo Y, Kim S (2023) Electrical, vibrational, and cooling stimuli-based redirected walking: comparison of various vestibular stimulation-based redirected walking systems. In: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems. ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp 1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3544548.3580862","DOI":"10.1145\/3544548.3580862"},{"key":"1234_CR27","unstructured":"Intel RealSense (2024 ) D435: Intel depth camera. https:\/\/www.intelrealsense.com\/depth-camera-d435\/"},{"key":"1234_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ishikawa R, Inoue A, Hoshi T (2018) Investigating perceived slope gradient in virtual environment with visuo-haptic interaction. In: Proceedings of the 30th Australian conference on computer-human interaction (Melbourne, Australia) (OzCHI 2018). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp 559\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3292147.3292234","DOI":"10.1145\/3292147.3292234"},{"issue":"2","key":"1234_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1145\/3022731","volume":"14","author":"O Janeh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Janeh O, Langbehn E, Steinicke F, Bruder G, Gulberti A, Poetter-Nerger M (2017) 15 pages Walking in virtual reality: effects of manipulated visual self-motion on walking biomechanics. ACM Trans Appl Percept 14(2):12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3022731","journal-title":"ACM Trans Appl Percept"},{"issue":"4","key":"1234_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.12674\/ptk.2018.25.4.009","volume":"25","author":"S Jung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jung S, An DH, Shin S (2018) The effects of simulated mild leg length discrepancy on gait parameters and trunk acceleration. Phys Ther Korea 25(4):9\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12674\/ptk.2018.25.4.009","journal-title":"Phys Ther Korea"},{"key":"1234_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/1470595820944207","volume":"20","author":"H Karjalainen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karjalainen H (2020) Cultural identity and its impact on today\u2019s multicultural organizations. Int J Cross Cult Manag 20:249\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1470595820944207","journal-title":"Int J Cross Cult Manag"},{"key":"1234_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kasarda C, Swartz M, Mitchell K, Khadka R, Bani\u0107 A (2020) Effects of physical prop shape on virtual stairs travel techniques. In: IEEE conference on virtual reality and 3D user interfaces abstracts. IEEE, New York, pp 672\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VRW50115.2020.00187","DOI":"10.1109\/VRW50115.2020.00187"},{"key":"1234_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199810050-00021","volume":"9","author":"A Kavounoudias","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kavounoudias A, Roll R, Roll JP (1998) The plantar sole is a \u201cdynamometric map\u201d for human balance control. NeuroReport 9:3247\u20133252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00001756-199810050-00021","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"1234_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kobayashi M, Kon Y, Kajimoto H (2019) Detection threshold of the height difference between a visual and physical step. In: Proceedings of the 10th augmented human international conference (Reims, France) (AH2019). Association for Computing Machinery, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3311823.3311857","DOI":"10.1145\/3311823.3311857"},{"key":"1234_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kohli L, Burns E, Miller D, Fuchs H (2005) Combining passive haptics with redirected walking. In: Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on augmented tele-existence. ACM Press, New York, pp 253\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1152399.1152451","DOI":"10.1145\/1152399.1152451"},{"key":"1234_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kruse L, Langbehn E, Steinicke F (2018) I can see on my feet while walking: sensitivity to translation gains with visible feet. In: IEEE conference on virtual reality and 3D user interfaces (VR), pp 305\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VR.2018.8446216","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2018.8446216"},{"key":"1234_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kurosaki T, Nakata T (2022) Traction force presentation in redirected walking. In: Other conferences. SPIE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1117\/12.2626113","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2626113"},{"key":"1234_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-023-00935-4","volume":"28","author":"J Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee J, Hwang S, Ataya A, Kim SJ (2024b) Effect of optical flow and user VR familiarity on curvature gain thresholds for redirected walking. Virtual Real 28:35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-023-00935-4","journal-title":"Virtual Real"},{"key":"1234_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee J, Ataya A, Kim S (2024) Exploring the impacts of interactive tasks on redirected walking in virtual reality. In: IEEE conference on virtual reality and 3D user interfaces abstracts. IEEE, New York, pp 843\u2013844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VRW62533.2024.00218","DOI":"10.1109\/VRW62533.2024.00218"},{"key":"1234_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee J, Ataya A, Kim S (2025) Effects of attention-demanding task-based technique on reorientation in virtual reality. SSRN 4903354. https:\/\/ssrn.com\/abstract=4903354","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4903354"},{"key":"1234_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2020.3034876","volume":"29","author":"HW Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang HW, Chi SY, Chen BY, Hwang YH (2021) Reliability and validity of a virtual reality-based system for evaluating postural stability. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 29:85\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSRE.2020.3034876","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"key":"1234_CR44","unstructured":"LOLIN D1 mini microprocessor. https:\/\/www.wemos.cc\/en\/latest\/d1\/d1_mini.html"},{"key":"1234_CR45","unstructured":"Lugaresi C, Tang J, Nash H, McClanahan C, Uboweja E, Hays M, Grundmann M (2019) Mediapipe: a framework for building perception pipelines. Preprint at http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1906.08172"},{"key":"1234_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Luo T, Cai C, Zhao Y, Fan Y, Pan Z, Han T, Tian F (2023) Exploring locomotion methods with upright redirected views for VR users in reclining & lying positions. In: Proceedings of the 36th annual ACM symposium on user interface software and technology (San Francisco, CA, USA) (UIST 2023). Association for Computing Machinery, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3586183.3606714","DOI":"10.1145\/3586183.3606714"},{"key":"1234_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343001","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1343001","volume":"12","author":"M Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma M, Song Q, Liu H (2024) The effect of personalized orthopedic insoles on plantar pressure during running in subtle cavus foot. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 12:1343001","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"1234_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maeda T, Suzuki A, Krebs HI (2016) The effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation and vision on perception of ground inclination. In: 6th IEEE international conference on biomedical robotics and biomechatronics (BioRob), pp 1019\u20131022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BIOROB.2016.7523764","DOI":"10.1109\/BIOROB.2016.7523764"},{"key":"1234_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matsumoto K, Ban Y, Narumi T, Tanikawa T, Hirose M (2016) Curvature manipulation techniques in redirection using haptic cues. In: IEEE symposium on 3D user interfaces (3DUI), pp 105\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/3DUI.2016.7460038","DOI":"10.1109\/3DUI.2016.7460038"},{"key":"1234_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matsumoto K, Ban Y, Narumi T, Yanase Y, Tanikawa T, Hirose M (2016) Unlimited corridor: redirected walking techniques using visuo haptic interaction. In: ACM SIGGRAPH 2016 emerging technologies. ACM, New York, pp 1\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2929464.2929482","DOI":"10.1145\/2929464.2929482"},{"key":"1234_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matsumoto K, Narumi T, Tanikawa T, Hirose M (2017) Walking uphill and downhill: redirected walking in the vertical direction. In: ACM SIGGRAPH, 2017 posters (Los Angeles, California) (SIGGRAPH \u201917). Association for Computing Machinery, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3102163.3102227","DOI":"10.1145\/3102163.3102227"},{"key":"1234_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matsumoto K, Narumi T, Ban Y, Yanase Y, Tanikawa T, Hirose M (2019) Unlimited corridor: a visuo-haptic redirection system. In: Proceedings of the 17th international conference on virtual-reality continuum and its applications in industry (Brisbane, QLD, Australia) (VRCAI 2019). Association for Computing Machinery, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3359997.3365705","DOI":"10.1145\/3359997.3365705"},{"key":"1234_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-022-01013-7","volume":"19","author":"F Mohammadzada","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohammadzada F, Zipser CM, Easthope CA, Halliday DM, Conway BA, Curt A, Schubert M (2022) Mind your step: target walking task reveals gait disturbance in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury. J Neuroeng Rehabil 19:36. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12984-022-01013-7","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"1234_CR54","unstructured":"Mohler B, Campos J, Weyel M, B\u00fclthoff HH (2007) Gait parameters while walking in a head-mounted display virtual environment and the real world. In: 13th eurographics symposium on virtual environments and 10th immersive projection technology, workshop (IPT-EGVE 2007). Eurographics Association, pp 85\u201388"},{"key":"1234_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2793038","volume":"24","author":"R Nagao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nagao R, Matsumoto K, Narumi T, Tanikawa T, Hirose M (2018) Ascending and descending in virtual reality: simple and safe system using passive haptics. IEEE Trans vis Comput Graph 24:1584\u20131593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2018.2793038","journal-title":"IEEE Trans vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"1234_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nagao R, Matsumoto K, Narumi T, Tanikawa T, Hirose M (2017) Walking up virtual stairs based on visuo-haptic interaction. In: ACM SIGGRAPH, 2017 posters (Los Angeles, California) (SIGGRAPH \u201917). Association for Computing Machinery, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3102163.3102231","DOI":"10.1145\/3102163.3102231"},{"key":"1234_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nguyen A, Rothacher Y, Lenggenhager B, Brugger P, Kunz A (2020) Effect of sense of embodiment on curvature redirected walking thresholds. In: ACM symposium on applied perception, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3385955.3407932","DOI":"10.1145\/3385955.3407932"},{"key":"1234_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nie T, Suma Rosenberg ES (2021) Redirected tilting: eliciting postural changes with a rotational self-motion illusion. In: IEEE conference on virtual reality and 3D user interfaces abstracts. IEEE, New York, pp 178\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VRW52623.2021.00040","DOI":"10.1109\/VRW52623.2021.00040"},{"key":"1234_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2018.111125628","volume":"38","author":"NC Nilsson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nilsson NC, Peck T, Bruder G, Hodgson E, Serafin S, Whitton M, Steinicke F, Rosenberg ES (2018) 15 years of research on redirected walking in immersive virtual environments. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 38:44\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MCG.2018.111125628","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Graph Appl"},{"key":"1234_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ohashi Y, Perusqu\u00eda-Hern\u00e1ndez M, Kiyokawa K, Sakata N (2023) Reproducing ascending and descending sensations in virtual reality through crossmodal interactions with a slanted handrail. In: IEEE international symposium on mixed and augmented reality adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct). IEEE, New York, pp 578\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISMAR-Adjunct60411.2023.00122","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR-Adjunct60411.2023.00122"},{"key":"1234_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3974","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2021.3111675","volume":"28","author":"A Otaran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Otaran A, Farkhatdinov I (2021) Haptic ankle platform for interactive walking in virtual reality. IEEE Trans vis Comput Graph 28:3974\u20133985","journal-title":"IEEE Trans vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"1234_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2013.2282868","volume":"22","author":"G Paolini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paolini G, Peruzzi A, Mirelman A, Cereatti A, Gaukrodger S, Hausdorff JM, Della Croce U (2014) Validation of a method for real time foot position and orientation tracking with Microsoft Kinect technology for use in virtual reality and treadmill based gait training programs. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 22:997\u20131002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSRE.2013.2282868","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"key":"1234_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peng YH, Yu C, Liu SH, Wang CW, Taele P, Yu NH, Chen MY (2020) WalkingVibe: reducing virtual reality sickness and improving realism while walking in VR using unobtrusive head-mounted vibrotactile feedback. In: Proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI 2020). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, pp 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3313831.3376847","DOI":"10.1145\/3313831.3376847"},{"key":"1234_CR64","unstructured":"MediaPipe (2024 ) MediaPipe Pose landmark detection guide. https:\/\/ai.google.dev\/edge\/mediapipe\/solutions\/vision\/pose_landmarker"},{"key":"1234_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2312\/egs.20011036","volume-title":"Redirected walking","author":"S Razzaque","year":"2005","unstructured":"Razzaque S (2005) Redirected walking. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2312\/egs.20011036"},{"key":"1234_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2025.3549895","volume":"31","author":"AR Rebelo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rebelo AR, Ferreira PA, N\u00f3brega R (2025) Techniques for multiple room connection in virtual reality: walking within small physical spaces. IEEE Trans vis Comput Graph 31:2310\u20132319","journal-title":"IEEE Trans vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"1234_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schmidt D, Kovacs R, Mehta V, Umapathi U, K\u00f6hler S, Cheng LP, Baudisch P (2015) Level-ups: motorized stilts that simulate stair steps in virtual reality. In: Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM conference on human factors in computing systems. ACM, New York, pp 2157\u20132160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2702123.2702253","DOI":"10.1145\/2702123.2702253"},{"key":"1234_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1162\/105474601300343603","volume":"10","author":"T Schubert","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schubert T, Friedmann F, Regenbrecht H (2001) The experience of presence: factor analytic insights. Presence Teleoperators Virtual Environ 10:266\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/105474601300343603","journal-title":"Presence Teleoperators Virtual Environ"},{"key":"1234_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2009.62","volume":"16","author":"F Steinicke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Steinicke F, Bruder G, Jerald J, Frenz H, Lappe M (2010) Estimation of detection thresholds for redirected walking techniques. IEEE Trans vis Comput Graph 16:17\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVCG.2009.62","journal-title":"IEEE Trans vis Comput Graph"},{"key":"1234_CR70","first-page":"536","volume":"70","author":"R Sullivan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sullivan R, Stein K (2000) The red shoes: Margaret Atwood starting out. Univ Tor Q 70:536","journal-title":"Univ Tor Q"},{"key":"1234_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tanaka K, Nakamura T, Matsumoto K, Kuzuoka H (2023) Effect of hanger reflex on detection thresholds for hand redirection during forearm rotation. In: ACM symposium on applied perception, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3605495.3605792","DOI":"10.1145\/3605495.3605792"},{"key":"1234_CR73","unstructured":"UBEC DUO (2024 ) A switch-mode buck regulato r, UBEC DUO. https:\/\/www.mateksys.com\/?portfolio=u4a2p"},{"key":"1234_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yamaguchi T, Abe S, Watabe Y, Shiohara S, Suzuki H, Harada T (2019) Proposal of redirected walking using a slope parallel component of the slope gravity. In: Yamamoto S, Mori H (ed), Human interface and the management of information. Information in intelligent systems: thematic area, HIMI 2019, held as part of the 21st HCI international conference, HCII 2019, Orlando, FL, USA, July 26\u201331, 2019. Proceedings, Part II (Orlando, FL, USA). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 90\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-22649-7_8","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22649-7_8"},{"key":"1234_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yamamoto T, Matsumoto K, Narumi T, Tanikawa T, Hirose M (2018) Adopting the roll manipulation for redirected walking. In: IEEE conference on virtual reality and 3D user interfaces (VR), pp 729\u2013730. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VR.2018.8446479","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2018.8446479"},{"key":"1234_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.04.017","volume":"75","author":"KE Zelik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zelik KE, Honert EC (2018) Ankle and foot power in gait analysis: implications for science, technology and clinical assessment. J Biomech 75:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.04.017","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"1234_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang YX, Hong J (2021) Direction change of redirected walking via a single shoe height change. In: IEEE conference on virtual reality and 3D user interfaces abstracts. IEEE, New York, pp 375\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/VRW52623.2021.00076","DOI":"10.1109\/VRW52623.2021.00076"},{"key":"1234_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zelik K, Honert E (2019) Quit being so rigid: how traditional gait analysis assumptions confound our understanding of ankles, feet, footwear and biomechanics. Footwear Science 11(suppl 1): S137\u2013S139 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19424280.2019.1606290","DOI":"10.1080\/19424280.2019.1606290"}],"container-title":["Virtual Reality"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10055-025-01234-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10055-025-01234-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10055-025-01234-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T07:20:38Z","timestamp":1764573638000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10055-025-01234-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-025-01234-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1434-9957"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1434-9957"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The research was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB No. 20240807-HR-77-04-04).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"We informed and obtained consent from each participant prior to research engagement.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"158"}}