{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T04:19:03Z","timestamp":1778732343193,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,12]],"date-time":"2006-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1147392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Geograph Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-006-0025-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,11]],"date-time":"2006-05-11T18:04:52Z","timestamp":1147370692000},"page":"187-208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Mapcurves: a quantitative method for comparing categorical maps"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"William W.","family":"Hargrove","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Forrest M.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul F.","family":"Hessburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"25_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3800(89)90001-X","volume":"47","author":"R Costanza","year":"1989","unstructured":"Costanza R (1989) Model goodness of fit: a multiple resolution procedure. Ecol Modell 47:199\u2013215","journal-title":"Ecol Modell"},{"key":"25_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(01)00295-4","volume":"80","author":"GM Foody","year":"2002","unstructured":"Foody GM (2002) Status of land cover classification accuracy assessment. Remote Sensing Environ 80:185\u2013201","journal-title":"Remote Sensing Environ"},{"issue":"3","key":"25_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810210157822","volume":"17","author":"A Hagen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hagen A (2003) Fuzzy set approach to assessing similarity of categorical maps. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 17(3):235\u2013249","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"25_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1109\/5992.774837","volume":"1","author":"WW Hargrove","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hargrove WW, Hoffman FM (1999) Using multivariate clustering to characterize ecoregion borders. Comput Sci Eng 1(4):18\u201325","journal-title":"Comput Sci Eng"},{"key":"25_CR5","unstructured":"Hargrove WW, Hoffman FM (2003) An analytical assessment tool for predicting changes in a species distribution map following changes in environmental conditions. In: Proceedings, GIS\/EM4 conference, Banff, Alberta, Canada, Sept. 2\u20138, 2000. CD-ROM, ISBN: 0-9743307-0-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"25_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-003-1084-0","volume":"34","author":"WW Hargrove","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hargrove WW, Hoffman FM (2004a) The potential of multivariate quantitative methods for delineation and visualization of ecoregions. Environ Manage 34(5):S39\u2013S60","journal-title":"Environ Manage"},{"key":"25_CR7","unstructured":"Hargrove WW, Hoffman FM (2004b) A flux atlas for representativeness and statistical extrapolation of the AmeriFlux Network. ORNL Technical Memorandum ORNL\/TM\u20132004\/112. Available at http:\/\/www.geobabble.ornl.gov\/flux-ecoregions"},{"key":"25_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hargrove WW, Hoffman FM, Schwartz PM (2002) A fractal landscape realizer for generating synthetic maps. Conserv Ecol 6(1):2. [online]: http:\/\/www.consecol.org\/vol6\/iss1\/art2","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-00371-060102"},{"issue":"48","key":"25_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1029\/2003EO480001","volume":"84","author":"WW Hargrove","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hargrove WW, Hoffman FM, Law BE (2003) New analysis reveals representativeness of the AmeriFlux network. Eos 84(48):529\u2013535","journal-title":"Eos"},{"key":"25_CR10","volume-title":"Clustering algorithms","author":"JA Hartigan","year":"1975","unstructured":"Hartigan JA (1975) Clustering algorithms. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"25_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffman FM, Hargrove WW, Erickson DJ III, Oglesby R (2005) Using clustered climate regimes to analyze and compare predictions from fully coupled general circulation models. Earth Interact (in press)","DOI":"10.1175\/EI110.1"},{"key":"25_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jager HI, King AW, Schumaker NH, Ashwood TL, Jackson BL (2005) Spatial uncertainty analysis of population models. Ecol Modell (in press)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2004.10.016"},{"key":"25_CR13","unstructured":"Kuchler AW (1964) Potential natural vegetation of the conterminous United States, American Geographical Society, Special Publication No. 36"},{"key":"25_CR14","unstructured":"Kuchler AW (1993) Potential natural vegetation of the conterminous United States. Digital vector data in an Albers Equal Area Conic polygon network and derived raster data on a 5\u00a0km2 Albers Equal Area 590\u00d7 940 grid. In: Global Ecosystems Database Version 2.0. Boulder CO: NOAA National Geophysical Data Center"},{"issue":"4","key":"25_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(95)00571-4","volume":"49","author":"CA Lantz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lantz CA, Nebenzahl E (1996) Behavior and interpretation of the K statistic: resolution of two paradoxes. J Clin Epidemiol 49(4):431\u2013434","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"25_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/126.2.161","volume":"126","author":"M Maclure","year":"1987","unstructured":"Maclure M, Willet WC (1987) Misinterpretation and misuse of the kappa statistic. Am J Epidemiol 126(2):161\u2013169","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"25_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.130.1.79","volume":"130","author":"WE Maxwell","year":"1977","unstructured":"Maxwell WE (1977) Coefficients of agreement between observers and their interpretation. Br J Psychiatry 130:79\u201383","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"25_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2716(99)00023-4","volume":"54","author":"G Metternicht","year":"1999","unstructured":"Metternicht G (1999) Change detection assessment using fuzzy sets and remotely sensed data: an application of topographic map revision. ISPRS J Photogram Remote Sensing 54(4):221\u2013233","journal-title":"ISPRS J Photogram Remote Sensing"},{"key":"25_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3800(92)90003-W","volume":"62","author":"RA Monserud","year":"1992","unstructured":"Monserud RA, Leemans R (1992) Comparing global vegetation maps with the Kappa statistic. Ecol Modell 62:275\u2013293","journal-title":"Ecol Modell"},{"issue":"5","key":"25_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5461","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.53.5461","volume":"53","author":"RE Plotnick","year":"1996","unstructured":"Plotnick RE, Gardner RH, Hargrove WW, Prestegaard K, Perlmutter M (1996) Lacunarity analysis: a general technique for the analysis of spatial patterns. Phys Rev E 53(5):5461\u20135468","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"issue":"8","key":"25_CR21","first-page":"1011","volume":"66","author":"RG Pontius Jr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pontius RG Jr (2000) Quantification error versus location error in comparison of categorical maps. Photogram Eng Remote Sensing 66(8):1011\u20131016","journal-title":"Photogram Eng Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"10","key":"25_CR22","first-page":"1041","volume":"68","author":"RG Pontius Jr","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pontius RG Jr (2002) Statistical methods to partition effects of quantity and location during comparison of categorical maps at multiple resolutions. Photogram Eng Remote Sensing 68(10):1041\u20131049","journal-title":"Photogram Eng Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"25_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(01)00187-6","volume":"85","author":"RG Pontius Jr","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pontius RG Jr, Schneider LC (2001) Land-cover change model validation by an ROC method for the Ipswich watershed, Massachusetts, USA. Agric Ecosyst Environ 85(1\u20133):239\u2013248","journal-title":"Agric Ecosyst Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"25_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/136588100750058715","volume":"15","author":"C Power","year":"2001","unstructured":"Power C, Simms A, White R (2001) Hierarchical fuzzy pattern matching for the regional comparison of land use maps. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 15(1):77\u2013100","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"key":"25_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2004.00694.x","volume":"8","author":"E Saxon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saxon E, Baker B, Hargrove WW, Hoffman FM, Zganjar C (2005) Mapping environments at risk under different global climate change scenarios. Ecol Lett 8:53\u201360","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"25_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3800(89)90057-4","volume":"48","author":"MG Turner","year":"1989","unstructured":"Turner MG, Costanza R, Sklar FH (1989) Methods to evaluate the performance of spatial simulation models. Ecol Modell 48:1\u201318","journal-title":"Ecol Modell"},{"key":"25_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White MA, Hoffman FM, Hargrove WW, Nemani RR (2005) A global framework for monitoring phenological responses to climate change. Geophys Res Lett 32(4):L04705 Doi:1029\/2004GL021961","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL021961"},{"issue":"3","key":"25_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-2716(00)00019-8","volume":"55","author":"S Winter","year":"2000","unstructured":"Winter S (2000) Location similarity of regions. ISPRS J Photogram Remote Sensing 55(3):189\u2013200","journal-title":"ISPRS J Photogram Remote Sensing"},{"key":"25_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","volume":"8","author":"L Zadeh","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zadeh L (1965) Fuzzy sets. Inf Control 8:338\u2013353","journal-title":"Inf Control"}],"container-title":["Journal of Geographical Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10109-006-0025-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10109-006-0025-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10109-006-0025-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T10:00:17Z","timestamp":1559124017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10109-006-0025-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}},"alternative-id":["25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10109-006-0025-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-5930","1435-5949"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-5930","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5949","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,12]]}}}