{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T04:02:21Z","timestamp":1745899341997,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]],"date-time":"2025-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]],"date-time":"2025-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42271469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42271469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Geogr Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10109-025-00461-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]],"date-time":"2025-03-09T16:04:31Z","timestamp":1741536271000},"page":"301-335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interpreting natural language descriptions of the topological relations of enclaves"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9350-9126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"461_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3234505","volume":"4","author":"A Both","year":"2018","unstructured":"Both A, Duckham M, Worboys MF (2018) Identifying surrounds and engulfs relations in mobile and coordinate-free geosensor networks. ACM Trans Spatial Algorithms Syst 4(2):1\u201321","journal-title":"ACM Trans Spatial Algorithms Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"461_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman L (2001) Random forests. Mach Learn 45(1):5\u201332","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"461_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"L Chapman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chapman L (2012) Qualtrics taps Accel, Sequoia for first-ever VC round. Wall Street J 15:1\u20133","journal-title":"Wall Street J"},{"issue":"1","key":"461_CR4","first-page":"5","volume":"48","author":"E Clementini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clementini E (2019) A conceptual framework for modelling spatial relations. Inf Technol Control 48(1):5\u201317","journal-title":"Inf Technol Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"461_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2016.1212356","volume":"31","author":"S Du","year":"2017","unstructured":"Du S et al (2017) Classifying natural-language spatial relation terms with random forest algorithm. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 31(3):542\u2013568","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"key":"461_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dube MP, Egenhofer MJ (2014) Surrounds in partitions. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSPATIAL international conference on advances in geographic information systems, pp 233\u2013242","DOI":"10.1145\/2666310.2666380"},{"key":"461_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egenhofer MJ, Al-Taha KK (1992) Reasoning about gradual changes of topological relationships. In: Theories and methods of spatio-temporal reasoning in geographic space. Springer, pp 196\u2013219","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-55966-3_12"},{"key":"461_CR8","unstructured":"Egenhofer MJ, Herring J (1992) Categorizing binary topological relationships between regions, lines, and points in geographic databases. Department of Surveying Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, Technical report"},{"key":"461_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7466.001.0001","volume-title":"The enclave economy: foreign investment and sustainable development in mexico\u2019s silicon valley","author":"KP Gallagher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gallagher KP, Zarsky L (2007) The enclave economy: foreign investment and sustainable development in mexico\u2019s silicon valley. Mit Press, Cambridge"},{"issue":"1","key":"461_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/13875868.2019.1688332","volume":"20","author":"E Hamzei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hamzei E, Winter S, Tomko M (2020) Place facets: a systematic literature review. Spat Cogn Comput 20(1):33\u201381","journal-title":"Spat Cogn Comput"},{"issue":"5","key":"461_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2896(02)00116-2","volume":"30","author":"M Hegarty","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hegarty M et al (2002) Development of a self-report measure of environmental spatial ability. Intelligence 30(5):425\u2013447","journal-title":"Intelligence"},{"issue":"3","key":"461_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/02693799308901953","volume":"7","author":"W Kainz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kainz W, Egenhofer MJ, Greasley I (1993) Modelling spatial relations and operations with partially ordered sets. Int J Geogr Inf Syst 7(3):215\u2013229","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Syst"},{"key":"461_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klippel A et al (2013) The egenhofer\u2013cohn hypothesis or, topological relativity? In: Cognitive and linguistic aspects of geographic space. Springer, pp 195\u2013215","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-34359-9_11"},{"issue":"2","key":"461_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810701405607","volume":"22","author":"A Klippel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klippel A, Worboys M, Duckham M (2008) Identifying factors of geographic event conceptualisation. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 22(2):183\u2013204","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"461_CR15","first-page":"18","volume":"2","author":"A Liaw","year":"2002","unstructured":"Liaw A, Wiener M (2002) Classification and regression by randomforest. R News 2(3):18\u201322","journal-title":"R News"},{"key":"461_CR16","unstructured":"Mark DM, Egenhofer MJ (1994a) Calibrating the meanings of spatial predicates from natural language: line-region relations. In: Proceedings, spatial data handling 1994, vol 1, pp 538\u2013553"},{"issue":"4","key":"461_CR17","first-page":"195","volume":"21","author":"DM Mark","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mark DM, Egenhofer MJ (1994b) Modeling spatial relations between lines and regions: combining formal mathematical models and human subjects testing. Cartogr Geogr Inf Syst 21(4):195\u2013212","journal-title":"Cartogr Geogr Inf Syst"},{"key":"461_CR18","unstructured":"McMahon M (2010) What is an enclave? Available from: https:\/\/www.infobloom.com\/whatis-an-enclave.htm"},{"key":"461_CR19","volume-title":"Statistical methods in agriculture and experimental biology","author":"R Mead","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mead R, Curnow RN, Hasted AM (2017) Statistical methods in agriculture and experimental biology. Chapman and Hall\/CRC, Cambridge"},{"key":"461_CR20","unstructured":"OGC (1999) Opengis simple features specification for CORBA. Open GIS Consortium, Standard 99-054"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"461_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.JGS.1880.036.01-04.03","volume":"36","author":"JA Phillips","year":"1880","unstructured":"Phillips JA (1880) On concretionary patches and fragments of other rocks contained in granite. Q J Geol Soc 36(1\u20134):1\u201322","journal-title":"Q J Geol Soc"},{"key":"461_CR22","unstructured":"Randell DA, Cui Z, Cohn AG (1992) A spatial logic based on regions and connection. In: 3rd international conference on knowledge representation and reasoning, pp 165\u2013176"},{"key":"461_CR23","unstructured":"Lowry R (1999) Chapter 8. Chi-square procedures for the analysis of categorical frequency data part 1. http:\/\/vassarstats.net:80\/textbook\/ch8pt1.html. Online; accessed 12 Apr 2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"461_CR24","first-page":"215","volume":"12","author":"ARB Shariff","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shariff ARB, Egenhofer MJ, Mark DM (1998) Natural-language spatial relations between linear and areal objects: the topology and metric of English-language terms. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 12(3):215\u2013245","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"key":"461_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-35973-1_298","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of gis","author":"C Strobl","year":"2008","unstructured":"Strobl C (2008) Dimensionally extended nine-intersection model (de-9im). In: Shekhar S, Xiong H (eds) Encyclopedia of gis. Springer, Berlin, pp 240\u2013245"},{"key":"461_CR26","first-page":"728","volume":"268","author":"S Suzuki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Suzuki S, Inohara T (2015) Mathematical definitions of enclave and exclave, and applications. Appl Math Comput 268:728\u2013742","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"key":"461_CR27","volume-title":"A theory of enclaves","author":"E Vinokurov","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vinokurov E (2007) A theory of enclaves. Lexington books, Lanham"},{"key":"461_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0686-2","volume":"17","author":"P Virtanen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Virtanen P et al (2020) SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in python. Nat Methods 17:261\u2013272","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"461_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2022.2120995","volume":"37","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X (2023) Identification of enclaves and exclaves by computation based on point-set topology. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 37(2):307\u2013338","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"key":"461_CR30","unstructured":"Wikipedia, 2020. Baarle-hertog. Available from: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Baarle-Hertog. Wikipedia, 2023. List of countries that border only one other country. Available from: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Listofenclavesandexclaves"},{"key":"461_CR31","unstructured":"Williams D (2015) The village and the village. Aug. https:\/\/medium.com\/@iamdanw\/the-village-the-village-19d2bc51daef"},{"issue":"4","key":"461_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810600894323","volume":"21","author":"J Xu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Xu J (2007) Formalizing natural-language spatial relations between linear objects with topological and metric properties. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 21(4):377\u2013395","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"461_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/13875860701590855","volume":"7","author":"J Xu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Xu J, Mark DM (2007) Natural language understanding of spatial relations between linear geographic objects. Spat Cogn Comput 7(4):311\u2013347","journal-title":"Spat Cogn Comput"}],"container-title":["Journal of Geographical Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10109-025-00461-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10109-025-00461-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10109-025-00461-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T10:09:57Z","timestamp":1745834997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10109-025-00461-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10109-025-00461-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-5930","1435-5949"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1435-5930"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1435-5949"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}