{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T23:19:06Z","timestamp":1779146346032,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,24]],"date-time":"2005-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cogn Tech Work"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-005-0017-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,23]],"date-time":"2005-11-23T15:20:42Z","timestamp":1132759242000},"page":"30-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Driver detection and recognition of lineside signals and signs at different approach speeds"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Guangyan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. Ian","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ged","family":"Morrisroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"17_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/300523a0","volume":"300","author":"EH Adelson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Adelson EH, Movshon JA (1982) Phenomenal coherence of moving visual patterns. Nature 300:523\u2013525","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"17_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allen RW, Parseghian Z, Rosenthal RJ (1994) Simulator evaluation of road signs and signals. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting, Nashville, TN","DOI":"10.1177\/154193129403801423"},{"key":"17_CR3","volume-title":"Simulation and measurement of driver and vehicle performance TRB Publications, A3B06","author":"RW Allen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Allen RW, Fancher PS, Levison WH, Machey J, Mourant RR, Schnell T, Srinivasan R (1999) Simulation and measurement of driver and vehicle performance TRB Publications, A3B06. Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC"},{"key":"17_CR4","unstructured":"Bhise VD, Rockwell TH (1973) The role of peripheral vision and time sharing in driving. In: Proceedings of the 15th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Automotive Medicine, Society of Automotive Engineers, New York, pp 11\u201314"},{"key":"17_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088202400408","volume":"24","author":"GJ Blaauw","year":"1982","unstructured":"Blaauw GJ (1982) Driving experience and task demands in simulator and instrumented car: a validation study. Hum Factors 24:473\u2013486","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"17_CR6","volume-title":"The relationship between vision test scores and driving record: general findings. Report 62-74","author":"A Burg","year":"1967","unstructured":"Burg A (1967) The relationship between vision test scores and driving record: general findings. Report 62-74. University of California, Los Angeles, CA"},{"key":"17_CR7","volume-title":"Reliability and validity assessment","author":"EG Carmines","year":"1991","unstructured":"Carmines EG, Zeller RA (1991) Reliability and validity assessment. Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA"},{"key":"17_CR8","unstructured":"Cope GH (ed) (1993) British railway track\u2014design, construction and maintenance. The Permanent Way Institution, Meir Park, Stoke-on-Trent, UK"},{"key":"17_CR9","volume-title":"Traffic flow theory and control","author":"DR Drew","year":"1968","unstructured":"Drew DR (1968) Traffic flow theory and control. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY"},{"key":"17_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999709016900","volume":"23","author":"VL Ellingrod","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ellingrod VL, Perry PJ, Yates RW, Maclnodoe JH, Watson G, Arnalt S, Holman TL (1997) The effects of anabolic steroids on driving performance as assessed by the Iowa Driver Simulator. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 23:623\u2013637","journal-title":"Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse"},{"key":"17_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1986.63.1.111","volume":"63","author":"P Era","year":"1986","unstructured":"Era P, Jokela J, Heikkinen E (1986) Reaction and movement times in men of different ages: a population study. Percept Motor Skills 63:111\u2013130","journal-title":"Percept Motor Skills"},{"key":"17_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.87.3.215","volume":"87","author":"KA Ericsson","year":"1980","unstructured":"Ericsson KA, Simon HA (1980) Verbal reports as data. Psychol Rev 87:215\u2013251","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"17_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1109\/25.330176","volume":"43","author":"DA Fraser","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fraser DA, Hawken RE, Warnes AM (1994) Effects of extra signals on drivers\u2019 distance keeping\u2014a simulation study. IEEE Trans Vehicular Technol 43:1118\u20131124","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vehicular Technol"},{"key":"17_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greaves TA (1989) Driver\u2019s environment technology in the driving cab. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part F: J Rail Rapid Transit, IMechE 203:121\u2013129","DOI":"10.1243\/PIME_PROC_1989_203_219_02"},{"key":"17_CR15","volume-title":"Pilot study of train-drivers\u2019 eye-movements","author":"JA Groeger","year":"2002","unstructured":"Groeger JA, Bradshaw MF, Everatt J, Merat N, Field D (2002) Pilot study of train-drivers\u2019 eye-movements. Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Surrey"},{"key":"17_CR16","unstructured":"Harms L (1996) Driving performance on a real road and in a driving simulator: results of a validation study. In: Gale AG, Brown ID, Haslegrave CM, Taylor S (eds) Vision in vehicles V. Elsevier Science\/North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 19\u201326"},{"key":"17_CR17","unstructured":"HEL\/RGWZ\/01543\/RT2 (2001) The influence of backplate design and offset on railway signal conspicuity. Technical report prepared by G. Li and authorised by W.I. Hamilton for Great Western Zone, Railtrack Plc"},{"key":"17_CR18","unstructured":"HEL\/RGWZ\/01633\/RT3 (2002) Evaluation of signal design schemes for the Paddington Throat in a virtual reality environment. Technical report prepared by G. Li and authorised by W.I. Hamilton for Great Western Zone, Railtrack Plc"},{"key":"17_CR19","unstructured":"HEL\/RGWZ\/02702\/RT4 (2002) Further evaluation of staggered and non-staggered signal designs for the Paddington Throat in a virtual reality environment. Technical report prepared by G. Li and authorised by W.I. Hamilton for Great Western Zone, Railtrack Plc"},{"key":"17_CR20","unstructured":"HEL\/RT\/01\/RT2, Issue 02 (2002) Driver recognition of lineside signals and signs at different train speed\u2014findings of preliminary phase-1 trials. Technical report prepared by G. Li and authorised by W.I. Hamilton for Network Rail"},{"key":"17_CR21","unstructured":"HEL\/RT\/02\/RT1, Issue 01 (2003) Driver recognition and detection of lineside signs and signals at different approach speeds\u2014findings of signal\/sign trials in a virtual reality environment. Technical report prepared by G. Li and authorised by W.I. Hamilton for Network Rail"},{"key":"17_CR22","unstructured":"Hills BL, Burg A (1977) A re-analysis of California driver vision data: general findings. Report No. LR768, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne, UK"},{"key":"17_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138608968272","volume":"29","author":"PK Hughes","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hughes PK, Cole BL (1986) What attracts attention when driving? Ergonomics 29:377\u2013391","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"17_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Itoh K, Tanaka H, Seki M (2000) Eye-movement analysis of track monitoring patterns of night train operators: effects of geographic knowledge and fatigue. In: Proceedings of the IEA 2000\/HFES 2000 Congress, vol 4, pp 360\u2013363","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120004402721"},{"key":"17_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130050201427","volume":"43","author":"K Ivancic","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ivancic K, Hesketh B (2000) Learning from errors in a driving simulation: effects on driving skill and self-confidence. Ergonomics 43:1966\u20131984","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"17_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/00140136608964342","volume":"9","author":"G Johansson","year":"1966","unstructured":"Johansson G, Rumar K (1966) Drivers and road signs: a preliminary investigation of the capacity of car drivers to get information from road signs. Ergonomics 9:57\u201362","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"17_CR27","unstructured":"Krueger H (1980) Ophthalmological aspects of work with display workstation. In: Mital A (ed) Advances in industrial ergonomics and safety I. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 47\u201355"},{"key":"17_CR28","unstructured":"Li G, Hamilton WI (2002) Driver recognition of lineside signals and signs during the operation of high-speed trains\u2014scientific basis for the study. Technical report for Network Rail. Human Engineering Limited, HEL\/RT\/01651\/RT1, Issue 01"},{"key":"17_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li G, Middleton H (2001) Driver eye movement during a route navigation information search. In: Proceedings of Automotive and Transportation Technology Congress, Paper No. 01ATT-007, Barcelona, October 1\u20133. SAE International, Washington, DC","DOI":"10.4271\/2001-01-3286"},{"key":"17_CR30","unstructured":"Li G, Hamilton WI, Clarke T (2003) Driver recognition of railway signs at different speeds\u2014a preliminary study. In: McCabe PT (ed) Contemporary ergonomics 2003. Taylor & Francis, London, pp373\u2013378"},{"key":"17_CR31","first-page":"80","volume":"22","author":"U Lupp","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lupp U, Hauske G, Wolf W (1978) Different systems for the visual detection of high and low spatial frequencies. Photogr Sci Eng 22:80\u201384","journal-title":"Photogr Sci Eng"},{"key":"17_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139108967339","volume":"34","author":"WA Macdonald","year":"1991","unstructured":"Macdonald WA, Hoffmann ER (1991) Drivers\u2019 awareness of traffic sign information. Ergonomics 34:585\u2013612","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"17_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1518\/001872099779577282","volume":"41","author":"M Maltz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Maltz M, Shinar D (1999) Eye movements of younger and older drivers. Hum Factors 41:15\u201325","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"17_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(73)90224-1","volume":"13","author":"RJW Mansfield","year":"1973","unstructured":"Mansfield RJW (1973) Latency functions in human vision. Vision Res 13:2219\u20132234","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"17_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(96)00314-8","volume":"37","author":"DR Mestre","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mestre DR, Masson GS (1997) Ocular responses to motion parallax stimuli: the role of perceptual and attentional factors. Vision Res 37:1627\u20131641","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"17_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nilsson L (1993) Behavioural research in an advanced driving simulator\u2014experiences of the VTI system. In: Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, pp 612\u2013616","DOI":"10.1177\/154193129303700921"},{"key":"17_CR37","volume-title":"Work and the eye","author":"RV North","year":"1993","unstructured":"North RV (1993) Work and the eye. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford"},{"key":"17_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.4.M153","volume":"49","author":"GL Odenheimer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Odenheimer GL, Beaudet M, Jette AM, Albert MS, Grande L, Minaker KL (1994) Performance-based driving evaluation of elderly driver: Safety, reliability and validity. J Gerontol A, Biol Sci Med Sci 49:153\u2013159","journal-title":"J Gerontol A, Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"17_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1177\/001872088602800110","volume":"28","author":"PL Olson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Olson PL, Sivak M (1986) Perception-response time to unexpected road way hazards. Hum Factors 28:91\u201396","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"17_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(90)90196-5","volume":"21","author":"M Rahimi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rahimi M, Briggs RP, Thom DR (1990) A field evaluation of driver eye and head movement strategies toward environmental targets and distractors. Appl Ergon 21:267\u2013274","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"17_CR41","unstructured":"Railway Group Standard, GO\/RT3251 (1999) Train Driving"},{"key":"17_CR42","unstructured":"Railway Group Standard, GK\/RT0034 (2000) Lineside Signal Spacing"},{"key":"17_CR43","unstructured":"Railway Group Standard, GK\/RT0031 (2002) Lineside Signals and Indicators"},{"key":"17_CR44","unstructured":"Railway Group Standard, GK\/RT0032 (2002) Provision of Lineside Signals"},{"key":"17_CR45","unstructured":"Railway Group Standard, GI\/RT7033 (2003) Lineside Operational Safety Signs"},{"key":"17_CR46","unstructured":"Railway Group Standard, GE\/RT8037 (2003) Signal Positioning and Visibility"},{"key":"17_CR47","unstructured":"Schwartz SH, Allen RW, Stein AC (1978) A simulator study of driver reaction to metric speed signs. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Traffic Control Systems, University of California, Berkeley, CA"},{"key":"17_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138008924739","volume":"23","author":"D Shinar","year":"1980","unstructured":"Shinar D, Rockwell TH, Malecki JA (1980) The effects of changes in driver perception on rural curve negotiation. Ergonomics 23:263\u2013275","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"17_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/00140138408963478","volume":"27","author":"H Summala","year":"1984","unstructured":"Summala H, Hietamaki J (1984) Drivers\u2019 immediate responses to traffic signs. Ergonomics 27:205\u2013216","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"17_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1037\/h0060900","volume":"51","author":"WH Teichner","year":"1954","unstructured":"Teichner WH (1954) Recent studies of simple reaction time. Psychol Bull 51:128\u2013149","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"17_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(75)90013-9","volume":"15","author":"DJ Tolhurst","year":"1975","unstructured":"Tolhurst DJ (1975) Reaction time in the detection of gratings by human observers: a probalistic mechanism. Vision Res 15:1143\u20131149","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"17_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(97)00099-7","volume":"30","author":"J T\u00f6rnros","year":"1998","unstructured":"T\u00f6rnros J (1998) Driving behaviour in a real and a simulated road tunnel\u2014a validation study. Accid Anal Prev 30:497\u2013503","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"17_CR53","first-page":"343","volume":"38","author":"W Winsum Van der","year":"1996","unstructured":"Van der Winsum W (1996) Speed choice and steering behaviour in curve driving. Hum Factors 38:343\u2013351","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"17_CR54","first-page":"19","volume":"99","author":"M Ward","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ward M (1996) Driving simulator for the elderly. Technol Rev 99:19\u201321","journal-title":"Technol Rev"}],"container-title":["Cognition, Technology & Work"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10111-005-0017-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10111-005-0017-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10111-005-0017-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T20:25:57Z","timestamp":1559161557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10111-005-0017-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,24]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["17"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10111-005-0017-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-5558","1435-5566"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-5558","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5566","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,24]]}}}