{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T11:01:44Z","timestamp":1762340504241},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,24]],"date-time":"2011-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1324684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cogn Tech Work"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-011-0201-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,23]],"date-time":"2011-12-23T04:32:33Z","timestamp":1324614753000},"page":"187-197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Complexity: learning to muddle through"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"John M.","family":"Flach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"201_CR1","volume-title":"In Athena\u2019s camp: preparing for conflict in the information age","author":"J Arquilla","year":"1997","unstructured":"Arquilla J, Ronfeldt D (1997) In Athena\u2019s camp: preparing for conflict in the information age. Rand, Santa Monica"},{"key":"201_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.5851","volume-title":"An introduction to cybernetics","author":"R Ashby","year":"1956","unstructured":"Ashby R (1956) An introduction to cybernetics. Chapman & Hall, London"},{"key":"201_CR3","volume-title":"A cognitive approach to situation awareness: theory and application","author":"S Banbury","year":"2004","unstructured":"Banbury S, Tremblay S (2004) A cognitive approach to situation awareness: theory and application. Ashgate, Aldershot"},{"key":"201_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b10774","volume-title":"Display and interface design: subtle science, exact art","author":"K Bennett","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bennett K, Flach J (2011) Display and interface design: subtle science, exact art. CRC Press, Boca Raton"},{"key":"201_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520350519","volume-title":"Perception and the representative design of psychological experiments","author":"E Brunswik","year":"1956","unstructured":"Brunswik E (1956) Perception and the representative design of psychological experiments. University of California Press, Berkeley"},{"key":"201_CR6","volume-title":"Drift into failure: from hunting broken components to understanding complex systems","author":"S Dekker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dekker S (2011) Drift into failure: from hunting broken components to understanding complex systems. Ashgate, Aldershot"},{"key":"201_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.1.3.288","volume":"1","author":"B Fischoff","year":"1975","unstructured":"Fischoff B (1975) Hindsight-foresight: the effect of outcome knowledge on judgment under uncertainty. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1:288\u2013299","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"key":"201_CR8","first-page":"11","volume-title":"The dynamics of experience: a search for what matters. Proceedings of the European conference on cognitive ergonomics (ECCE 2009)","author":"J Flach","year":"2009","unstructured":"Flach J (2009) The dynamics of experience: a search for what matters. Proceedings of the European conference on cognitive ergonomics (ECCE 2009). Helsinki, Finland, pp 11\u201318"},{"key":"201_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flach JM, Bennett KB, Jagacinski RJ, Mulder M, van Paassen MM. The closed-loop dynamics of cognitive work. In: Lee JD, Kirlik A (eds) The Oxford handbook of cognitive engineering (In press)","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199757183.013.0002"},{"key":"201_CR10","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Macrocognition: metrics and scenarios: design and evaluation for real world teams","author":"JM Flach","year":"2010","unstructured":"Flach JM, Schwartz D, Bennett A, Behymer K, Shebilsi W (2010) Synthetic task environments: measuring macrocognition. In: Patterson E, Miller J (eds) Macrocognition: metrics and scenarios: design and evaluation for real world teams. Ashgate, Aldershot, pp 201\u2013284"},{"issue":"4","key":"201_CR11","first-page":"519","volume":"35","author":"F Hayek","year":"1945","unstructured":"Hayek F (1945) The use of knowledge in society. Am Econ Rev 35(4):519\u2013530","journal-title":"Am Econ Rev"},{"key":"201_CR12","volume-title":"Control theory for humans: quantitative approaches to modeling performance","author":"R Jagacinski","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jagacinski R, Flach J (2003) Control theory for humans: quantitative approaches to modeling performance. Erlbaum, Mahwah"},{"key":"201_CR13","volume-title":"Decision making in action: models and methods","author":"G Klein","year":"1993","unstructured":"Klein G, Orasanu J, Calderwood R, Zsambok C (1993) Decision making in action: models and methods. Ablex, Norwood"},{"key":"201_CR14","volume-title":"Information, natural law, and the self-assembly of rhythmic movement","author":"P Kugler","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kugler P, Turvey M (1987) Information, natural law, and the self-assembly of rhythmic movement. Erlbaum, Hillsdale"},{"key":"201_CR15","volume-title":"Artificial life II","author":"C Langton","year":"1992","unstructured":"Langton C, Taylor C, Farmer J, Rasmussen S (1992) Artificial life II. Addison-Wesley, Redwood"},{"key":"201_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindblom (1959) The science of \u201cmuddling through\u201d. Public Admin Rev 19(2):79\u201388","DOI":"10.2307\/973677"},{"issue":"6","key":"201_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.2307\/976178","volume":"39","author":"C Lindblom","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lindblom C (1979) Still muddling, not yet through. Public Admin Rev 39(6):517\u2013526","journal-title":"Public Admin Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"201_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.2.1.71","volume":"2","author":"J March","year":"1991","unstructured":"March J (1991) Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organ Sci 2(1):71\u201387","journal-title":"Organ Sci"},{"key":"201_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/10039-000","volume-title":"Plans and the structure of behavior","author":"G Miller","year":"1960","unstructured":"Miller G, Galanter E, Pribram K (1960) Plans and the structure of behavior. Henry Holt & Company, New York"},{"key":"201_CR20","volume-title":"Macrocognition metrics and scenarios: design and evaluation for real-world teams","author":"E Patterson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Patterson E, Miller J (2010) Macrocognition metrics and scenarios: design and evaluation for real-world teams. Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot"},{"key":"201_CR21","volume-title":"Normal accidents. Living with high-risk technologies","author":"C Perrow","year":"1984","unstructured":"Perrow C (1984) Normal accidents. Living with high-risk technologies. Basic Books, New York"},{"key":"201_CR22","volume-title":"Coping with complexity (Ris\u00f8-M-2293)","author":"J Rasmussen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rasmussen J, Lind M (1981) Coping with complexity (Ris\u00f8-M-2293). Ris\u00f8 National Laboratory, Roskilde"},{"key":"201_CR23","volume-title":"Trapped in the net. The unanticipated consequences of computerization","author":"G Rochlin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rochlin G (1997) Trapped in the net. The unanticipated consequences of computerization. Princeton University Press, Princeton"},{"key":"201_CR24","volume-title":"Naturalistic decision making and macrocognition","author":"J Schraagen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schraagen J, Militello L, Ormerod T, Lipshitz R (2008) Naturalistic decision making and macrocognition. Ashgate, Aldershot"},{"key":"201_CR25","volume-title":"The mathematical theory of communication","author":"C Shannon","year":"1963","unstructured":"Shannon C, Weaver W (1963) The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana (original publication 1949)"},{"key":"201_CR26","unstructured":"Shattuck L (2000) Communicating intent and imparting presence. Military Rev, pp 66\u201372"},{"key":"201_CR27","volume-title":"Organizations in action","author":"J Thompson","year":"1967","unstructured":"Thompson J (1967) Organizations in action. McGraw-Hill, New York"},{"key":"201_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4870(02)00200-3","volume":"24","author":"P Todd","year":"2003","unstructured":"Todd P, Gigerenzer G (2003) Bounding rationality to the world. J Econ Psychol 24:143\u2013165","journal-title":"J Econ Psychol"},{"key":"201_CR29","volume-title":"Sensemaking in organizations","author":"K Weick","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weick K (1995) Sensemaking in organizations. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks"},{"key":"201_CR30","volume-title":"An introduction to general systems thinking","author":"GM Weinberg","year":"1975","unstructured":"Weinberg GM (1975) An introduction to general systems thinking. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"201_CR31","volume-title":"Cybernetics: or control and communication in the animal and the machine","author":"N Wiener","year":"1948","unstructured":"Wiener N (1948) Cybernetics: or control and communication in the animal and the machine. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"201_CR32","volume-title":"Behind human error: cognitive systems, computers, and hindsight","author":"D Woods","year":"1994","unstructured":"Woods D, Johannesen L, Cook R, Sarter N (1994) Behind human error: cognitive systems, computers, and hindsight. CSERIAC, Wright-Patterson AFB"},{"key":"201_CR33","unstructured":"Cacciabue P, Cassani M. Modeling motivations, tasks and human errors in a risk based perspective (this issue)"},{"key":"201_CR34","unstructured":"Dekker S, Nyce J. Cognitive engineering and the moral theology and witchcraft of cause (this issue)"},{"key":"201_CR35","unstructured":"Hollnagel E. Coping with complexity: past, present, and future (this issue)"},{"key":"201_CR36","unstructured":"Kirlik A. Relevance versus generalization in cognitive engineering (this issue)"},{"key":"201_CR37","unstructured":"Klein H, Lippa K. Assuming control after system failure: Type II diabetes self-management (this issue)"},{"key":"201_CR38","unstructured":"Patterson E, Hoffman R. Visualization framework of macrocognition functions (this issue)"},{"key":"201_CR39","unstructured":"Perry S, Wears R. Underground adaptations: case studies from healthcare (this issue)"}],"container-title":["Cognition, Technology & Work"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10111-011-0201-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10111-011-0201-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10111-011-0201-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T21:53:20Z","timestamp":1640123600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10111-011-0201-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,24]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]}},"alternative-id":["201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10111-011-0201-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-5558","1435-5566"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-5558","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5566","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,24]]}}}