{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T06:55:28Z","timestamp":1778223328158,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,15]],"date-time":"2018-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,15]],"date-time":"2018-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008760","name":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SIP ADUS"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cogn Tech Work"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-018-0525-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,16]],"date-time":"2018-09-16T09:08:37Z","timestamp":1537088917000},"page":"87-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":228,"title":["The \u201cOut-of-the-Loop\u201d concept in automated driving: proposed definition, measures and implications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4140-9948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha","family":"Merat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bobbie","family":"Seppelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tyron","family":"Louw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Engstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charles A.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Katazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Monk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Itoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"McGehee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Sunda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kiyozumi","family":"Unoura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Trent","family":"Victor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Schieben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Keinath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"525_CR1","first-page":"102","volume":"366","author":"TM Allen","year":"1971","unstructured":"Allen TM, Lunenfeld H, Alexander GJ (1971) Driver information needs. Highway Res Rec 366:102\u2013115","journal-title":"Highway Res Rec"},{"key":"525_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2017.09.010","volume":"44","author":"B Berberian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berberian B, Somon B, Saha\u00ef A, Gouraud J (2017) The out-of-the-loop brain: a neuroergonomic approach of the human automation interaction. Annu Rev Control 44:303\u2013315","journal-title":"Annu Rev Control"},{"key":"525_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10037-000","volume-title":"Perception and communication","author":"D Broadbent","year":"1958","unstructured":"Broadbent D (1958) Perception and communication. Pergamon, London"},{"issue":"3","key":"525_CR6","first-page":"245","volume":"1","author":"KA Brookhuis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brookhuis KA, De Waard D, Janssen WH (2001) Behavioral impacts of advanced driver assistance systems\u2014an overview. EJTIR 1(3):245\u2013253","journal-title":"EJTIR"},{"key":"525_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-018-0484-0","author":"O Carsten","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carsten O, Martens MH (2018) How can humans understand their automated cars? HMI principles, problems and solutions. Cogn Technol Work. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10111-018-0484-0","journal-title":"Cogn Technol Work"},{"issue":"5","key":"525_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720812460246","volume":"54","author":"O Carsten","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carsten O, Lai FC, Barnard Y, Jamson AH, Merat N (2012) Control task substitution in semi automated driving: does it matter what aspects are automated? Hum Factor 54(5):747\u2013761","journal-title":"Hum Factor"},{"issue":"5","key":"525_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1145\/2830565","volume":"59","author":"SM Casner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Casner SM, Hutchins EL, Norman D (2016) The challenges of partially automated driving. Commun ACM 59(5):70\u201377","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"525_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-7535(94)00015-U","volume":"19","author":"C Chaloupka","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chaloupka C, Risser R (1995) Don\u2019t wait for accidents\u2014possibilities to assess risk in traffic by applying the \u2018Wiener Fahrprobe\u2019. Saf Sci 19(2\u20133):137\u2013147","journal-title":"Saf Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"525_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049543","volume":"37","author":"MR Endsley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Endsley MR (1995) Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Hum Factor 37(1):32\u201364","journal-title":"Hum Factor"},{"issue":"2","key":"525_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779064555","volume":"37","author":"MR Endsley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Endsley MR, Kiris EO (1995) The out-of-the-loop performance problem and level of control in automation. Hum Factor 37(2):381\u2013394","journal-title":"Hum Factor"},{"key":"525_CR13","volume-title":"A conceptual framework and taxonomy for understanding and categorizing driver inattention","author":"J Engstr\u00f6m","year":"2013","unstructured":"Engstr\u00f6m J, Monk CA, Hanowski RJ, Horrey WJ, Lee JD, McGehee DV, Regan M, Stevens A, Traube E, Tuukkanen M, Victor T, Yang CYD (2013) A conceptual framework and taxonomy for understanding and categorizing driver inattention. European Commission, Brussels"},{"issue":"4","key":"525_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720816685832","volume":"59","author":"A Eriksson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eriksson A, Stanton NA (2017) Takeover time in highly automated vehicles: noncritical transitions to and from manual control. Hum factors 59(4):689\u2013705","journal-title":"Hum factors"},{"key":"525_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gold C, Dambock D, Lorenz L, Bengler K (2013) \u201cTake over!\u201d\u2014how long does it take to get the driver back into the loop? In: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society 57th annual meeting, pp 1938\u20131942","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931213571433"},{"key":"525_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.11.009","volume":"116","author":"C Gold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gold C, Happee R, Bengler K (2018) Modeling take-over performance in level 3 conditionally automated vehicles. Accid Anal Prev 116:3\u201313","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"issue":"2","key":"525_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2006.08.013","volume":"39","author":"JL Harbluk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harbluk JL, Noy YI, Trbovich PL, Eizenman M (2007) An on-road assessment of cognitive distraction: impacts on drivers\u2019 visual behavior and braking performance. Accid Anal Prev 39(2):372\u2013379","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"525_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720815625744","volume":"58","author":"S Hergeth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hergeth S, Lorenz L, Vilimek R, Krems JF (2016) Keep your scanners peeled: Gaze behavior as a measure of automation trust during highly automated driving. Hum Factors 58(3):509\u2013519","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"525_CR21","volume-title":"Joint cognitive systems: foundations of cognitive systems engineering","author":"E Hollnagel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hollnagel E, Woods DD (1995) Joint cognitive systems: foundations of cognitive systems engineering. Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton"},{"issue":"3","key":"525_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/prs.680160304","volume":"16","author":"DB Kaber","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kaber DB, Endsley MR (1997) Out-of-the-loop performance problems and the use of intermediate levels of automation for improved control system functioning and safety. Process Saf Prog 16(3):126\u2013131","journal-title":"Process Saf Prog"},{"key":"525_CR23","volume-title":"Attention and effort","author":"D Kahneman","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kahneman D (1973) Attention and effort, vol\u00a01063. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs"},{"key":"525_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kienle M, Damb\u00f6ck D, Kelsch J, Flemisch F, Bengler K (2009) Towards an H-Mode for highly automated vehicles: driving with side sticks. In: Proceedings of the first international conference on automotive user interfaces and interactive vehicular applications (AutomotiveUI 2009), Essen, Germany, pp 19\u201323","DOI":"10.1145\/1620509.1620513"},{"issue":"6","key":"525_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1080\/001401399185306","volume":"42","author":"D Lamble","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lamble D, Laakso M, Summala H (1999) Detection thresholds in car following situations and peripheral vision: implications for positioning of visually demanding in-car displays. Ergonomics 42(6):807\u2013815","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"6547","key":"525_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/377339a0","volume":"377","author":"M Land","year":"1995","unstructured":"Land M, Horwood J (1995) Which parts of the road guide steering? Nature 377(6547):339\u2013340","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"525_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/ijhc.1994.1007","volume":"40","author":"JD Lee","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lee JD, Moray N (1994) Trust, self-confidence, and operators\u2019 adaptation to automation. Int J Hum Comput Stud 40(1):153\u2013184","journal-title":"Int J Hum Comput Stud"},{"key":"525_CR28","first-page":"31","volume-title":"Driver distraction: theory, effects, and mitigation","author":"JD Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee JD, Young KL, Regan MA (2009) Defining driver distraction. In: Regan MA, Lee JD, Young KL (eds) Driver distraction: theory, effects, and mitigation. CRC, Boca Raton, pp\u00a031\u201340"},{"key":"525_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2017.01.001","volume":"76","author":"TL Louw","year":"2016","unstructured":"Louw TL, Merat N (2016) Are you in the loop? Using gaze dispersion to understand driver visual attention during vehicle automation. Transp Res Part C 76:35\u201350","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C"},{"key":"525_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2017.01.001","volume":"76","author":"T Louw","year":"2017","unstructured":"Louw T, Merat N (2017) Are you in the loop? Using gaze dispersion to understand driver visual attention during vehicle automation. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol 76:35\u201350","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"key":"525_CR31","unstructured":"Louw T, Kountouriotis G, Carsten O, Merat N (2015a) Driver inattention during vehicle automation: how does driver engagement affect resumption of control? In: 4th international conference on driver distraction and inattention (DDI2015), Sydney: proceedings. ARRB Group"},{"key":"525_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Louw T, Merat N, Jamson H (2015b) Engaging with highly automated driving: to be or not to be in the loop? In: 8th international driving symposium on human factors in driver assessment, training and vehicle design, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA","DOI":"10.17077\/drivingassessment.1570"},{"issue":"4","key":"525_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1136\/injuryprev-2016-042155","volume":"23","author":"T Louw","year":"2016","unstructured":"Louw T, Madigan R, Carsten O, Merat N (2016) Were they in the loop during automated driving? Links between visual attention and crash potential. Injury Prev 23(4):281\u2013286","journal-title":"Injury Prev"},{"key":"525_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.08.011","volume":"108","author":"T Louw","year":"2017","unstructured":"Louw T, Markkula G, Boer E, Madigan R, Carsten O, Merat N (2017) Coming back into the loop: drivers\u2019 perceptual-motor performance in critical events after automated driving. Accid Anal Prev 108:9\u201318","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"issue":"10","key":"525_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2005.04.002","volume":"35","author":"R Ma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ma R, Kaber DB (2005) Situation awareness and workload in driving while using adaptive cruise control and a cell phone. Int J Ind Ergon 35(10):939\u2013953","journal-title":"Int J Ind Ergon"},{"issue":"6","key":"525_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2005.12.003","volume":"64","author":"R Ma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ma R, Kaber DB (2006) Presence, workload and performance effects of synthetic environment design factors. Int J Hum Comput Stud 64(6):541\u2013552","journal-title":"Int J Hum Comput Stud"},{"key":"525_CR38","first-page":"18","volume":"530","author":"B McDonald","year":"1975","unstructured":"McDonald B, Ellis NC (1975) Driver workload for various turn radii and speed. Transp Res Rec 530:18\u201329","journal-title":"Transp Res Rec"},{"key":"525_CR39","volume-title":"U.S. patent no. 3,668,403","author":"WC Meilander","year":"1972","unstructured":"Meilander WC (1972) U.S. patent no. 3,668,403. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Washington, DC"},{"key":"525_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2014.09.005","volume":"27","author":"N Merat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Merat N, Jamson AH, Lai FC, Daly M, Carsten OM (2014) Transition to manual: driver behaviour when resuming control from a highly automated vehicle. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav 27:274\u2013282","journal-title":"Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav"},{"key":"525_CR41","first-page":"4459","volume-title":": Proceedings of the second international symposium on the theory of road traffic flow","author":"RM Michaels","year":"1963","unstructured":"Michaels RM (1963) Perceptual factors in car following. In: Proceedings of the second international symposium on the theory of road traffic flow. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, pp 44\u201359"},{"key":"525_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-2173-6_19","volume-title":"Human behavior and traffic safety","author":"J Michon","year":"1985","unstructured":"Michon J (1985) A critical view of driver behavior models: what do we know, what should we do? In: Evans L, Schwing RC (eds) Human behavior and traffic safety. Plenum, New York, pp\u00a0485\u2013520"},{"key":"525_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.08.027","volume":"108","author":"F Naujoks","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naujoks F, Purucker C, Wiedemann K, Neukum A, Wolter S, Steiger R (2017) Driving performance at lateral system limits during partially automated driving. Accid Anal Prev 108:147\u2013162","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"issue":"1241","key":"525_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1990.0101","volume":"327","author":"DA Norman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Norman DA (1990) The \u2018problem\u2019 with automation: inappropriate feedback and interaction, not \u2018over- automation\u2019. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 327(1241):585\u2013593","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci"},{"key":"525_CR45","first-page":"7379","volume-title":"Road vehicle automation 2","author":"DA Norman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Norman DA (2015) The human side of automation. In: Road vehicle automation 2. Springer, Berlin, pp 73\u201379"},{"issue":"3","key":"525_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720810376055","volume":"52","author":"R Parasuraman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parasuraman R, Manzey D (2010) Complacency and bias in human use of automation: an attentional integration. J Hum Factors Ergonom Soc 52(3):381\u2013410","journal-title":"J Hum Factors Ergonom Soc"},{"key":"525_CR47","first-page":"20632067","volume-title":"Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting","author":"J Radlmayr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Radlmayr J, Gold C, Lorenz L, Farid M, Bengler K (2014) How traffic situations and non-driving related tasks affect the take-over quality in highly automated driving. In: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting, vol 58(1). Sage, Los Angeles, pp 2063\u20132067"},{"issue":"6","key":"525_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)90051-5","volume":"26","author":"TA Ranney","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ranney TA (1994) Models of driving behavior: a review of their evolution. Accid Anal Prev 26(6):733\u2013750","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"525_CR49","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Driver distraction: theory, effects, and mitigation","author":"MA Regan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Regan MA, Young KL, Lee JD (2009) Introduction. In: Driver distraction: theory, effects, and mitigation. CRC, Boca Raton, pp\u00a03\u20137"},{"issue":"1","key":"525_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaah5682","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aah5682","volume":"1","author":"HE Russell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Russell HE, Harbott LK, Nisky I, Pan S, Okamura AM, Gerdes JC (2016) Motor learning affects car-to-driver handover in automated vehicles. Sci Robot 1(1):eaah5682","journal-title":"Sci Robot"},{"key":"525_CR51","volume-title":"SAE standard J3016 201609","author":"SAE","year":"2016","unstructured":"SAE (2016a) Taxonomy and definitions for terms related to driving automation systems for on-road motor vehicles. In: SAE standard J3016 201609. SAE International, Warrendale"},{"key":"525_CR52","volume-title":"SAE standard J3114 201612","author":"SAE","year":"2016","unstructured":"SAE (2016b) Human factors definitions for automated driving and related research topics. In: SAE standard J3114 201612. SAE International, Warrendale"},{"key":"525_CR53","first-page":"22962300","volume-title":"Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting","author":"M Saffarian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saffarian M, de Winter JC, Happee R (2012) Automated driving: human-factors issues and design solutions. In: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting, vol 56(1). Sage, Los Angeles, pp 2296\u20132300"},{"issue":"10","key":"525_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1068\/p5343","volume":"33","author":"DD Salvucci","year":"2004","unstructured":"Salvucci DD, Gray R (2004) A two-point visual control model of steering. Perception 33(10):1233\u20131248","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"525_CR55","unstructured":"Samuel S, Fisher DL (2015) Evaluation of the minimum forward roadway glance duration critical to latent hazard detection. In: Transportation research board 94th annual meeting (no. 15-1707)"},{"issue":"1","key":"525_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1518\/001872095779049516","volume":"37","author":"NB Sarter","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sarter NB, Woods DD (1995) How in the world did we ever get into that mode? Mode error and awareness in supervisory control. Hum Factors 37(1):5\u201319","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"key":"525_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.84.1.1","volume":"84","author":"W Schneider","year":"1977","unstructured":"Schneider W, Shiffrin RM (1977) Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. detection, search, and attention. Psychol Rev 84:1\u201366","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"525_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720816665201","volume":"59","author":"A Sebok","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sebok A, Wickens CD (2017) Implementing lumberjacks and black swans into model-based tools to support human\u2013automation interaction. Hum factors 59(2):189\u2013203","journal-title":"Hum factors"},{"key":"525_CR59","first-page":"1533","volume-title":"Highway research record 195","author":"JW Senders","year":"1967","unstructured":"Senders JW, Kristofferson AB, Levison WH, Diettrich CW, Ward JL (1967) The attentional demand of automobile driving. In: Highway research record 195. Highway Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, pp 15\u201333"},{"key":"525_CR60","volume-title":"Road vehicle automation 3. Lecture notes in mobility","author":"BD Seppelt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seppelt BD, Victor TW (2016) Potential solutions to human factors challenges in road vehicle automation. In: Meyer G, Beiker S (eds) Road vehicle automation 3. Lecture notes in mobility. Springer, Basel"},{"key":"525_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.07.021","volume":"107","author":"BD Seppelt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Seppelt BD, Seaman S, Lee J, Angell LS, Mehler B, Reimer B (2017) Glass half-full: on-road glance metrics differentiate crashes from near-crashes in the 100-car data. Accid Anal Prev 107:48\u201362","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"525_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2014.04.005","volume":"27","author":"N Strand","year":"2014","unstructured":"Strand N, Nilsson J, Karlsson IM, Nilsson L (2014) Semi-automated versus highly automated driving in critical situations caused by automation failures. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav 27:218\u2013228","journal-title":"Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav"},{"issue":"10","key":"525_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.304009","volume":"107","author":"D Subit","year":"2017","unstructured":"Subit D, V\u00e9zin P, Laporte S, Sandoz B (2017) Will automated driving technologies make today\u2019s effective restraint systems obsolete? Am J Public Health 107(10):1590\u20131592","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"525_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2014.08.004","volume":"26","author":"E Tivesten","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tivesten E, Dozza M (2014) Driving context and visual-manual phone tasks influence glance behavior in naturalistic driving. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav 26:258\u2013272","journal-title":"Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav"},{"key":"525_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsimhoni O, Green P (2001) Visual demands of driving and the execution of display-intensive in-vehicle tasks. In: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society 45th annual meeting, pp 1586\u20131590","DOI":"10.1177\/154193120104502305"},{"key":"525_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420007497.ch10","volume-title":"Driver distraction: theory, effects, and mitigation","author":"TW Victor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Victor TW, Engstr\u00f6m J, Harbluk JL (2008) Distraction assessment methods based on visual behaviour and event detection. In: Regan MA, Lee JD, Young KL (eds) Driver distraction: theory, effects, and mitigation. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, pp 135\u2013165"},{"key":"525_CR67","volume-title":"Engineering psychology and human performance","author":"CD Wickens","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wickens CD (1992) Engineering psychology and human performance, 2nd edn. Harper Collins, New York","edition":"2"},{"issue":"2","key":"525_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/14639220210123806","volume":"3","author":"CD Wickens","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wickens CD (2002) Multiple resources and performance prediction. Theor Issues Ergonom Sci 3(2):159\u2013177","journal-title":"Theor Issues Ergonom Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"525_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1979.4310070","volume":"9","author":"CD Wickens","year":"1979","unstructured":"Wickens CD, Kessel C (1979) The effects of participatory mode and task workload on the detection of dynamic system failures. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 9(1):24\u201334","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern"},{"key":"525_CR70","first-page":"155169","volume-title":"Human detection and diagnosis of system failures","author":"CD Wickens","year":"1981","unstructured":"Wickens CD, Kessel C (1981) Failure detection in dynamic systems. In: Human detection and diagnosis of system failures. Springer, New York, pp 155\u2013169"},{"key":"525_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2015.02.023","volume":"78","author":"K Zeeb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zeeb K, Buchner A, Schrauf M (2015) What determines the take-over time? An integrated model approach of driver take-over after automated driving. Accid Anal Prev 78:212\u2013221","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"525_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2017.07.008","volume":"50","author":"K Zeeb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zeeb K, H\u00e4rtel M, Buchner A, Schrauf M (2017) Why is steering not the same as braking? The impact of non-driving related tasks on lateral and longitudinal driver interventions during conditionally automated driving. Trans Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav 50:65\u201379","journal-title":"Trans Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav"},{"key":"525_CR73","volume-title":"Technology and values: essential readings","author":"S Zuboff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zuboff S (2010) In the age of the smart machine. In: Hanks C (ed) Technology and values: essential readings. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford"}],"container-title":["Cognition, Technology & Work"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10111-018-0525-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10111-018-0525-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10111-018-0525-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T07:56:08Z","timestamp":1589442968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10111-018-0525-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,15]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10111-018-0525-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-5558","1435-5566"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-5558","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5566","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}