{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T07:34:00Z","timestamp":1771054440476,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cogn Tech Work"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-019-00562-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T04:03:18Z","timestamp":1555992198000},"page":"159-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Classification of air traffic control scenarios using decision trees: insights from a field study in terminal approach radar environment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2182-4597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stathis","family":"Malakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Psaros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Kontogiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Malaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"562_CR1","volume-title":"Introduction to machine learning","author":"E Alpayd\u0131n","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alpayd\u0131n E (2014) Introduction to machine learning, 3rd edn. MIT Press, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge","edition":"3"},{"key":"562_CR2","unstructured":"Arranz A, Ciruelos C, Etxebarria I, Peces S, Campanelli B, Fleurquin P, Eguiluz VM, Ramasco JJ (2015) Modelling delay propagation trees for scheduled flights, ISDEFE & IFISC, ATM Seminar"},{"key":"562_CR3","unstructured":"Athenes S, Averty P, Puechmorel S, Delahaye D, Collet C (2002) ATC complexity and controller workload: trying to bridge the gap. In: Proceedings of the international conference on HCI in aeronautics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp 56\u201360, 23\u201325 October 2002"},{"issue":"14","key":"562_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130600779744","volume":"49","author":"C Boag","year":"2006","unstructured":"Boag C, Neal A, Loft S, Halford GS (2006) An analysis of relational complexity in an air traffic control conflict detection task. Ergonomics 49(14):1508\u20131526","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"562_CR5","volume-title":"Classification and regression trees","author":"L Breiman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Breiman L, Friedman JH, Olshen RA, Stone PJ (1984) Classification and regression trees. Wadsworth International Group, Belmont, CA"},{"key":"562_CR6","unstructured":"COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2015\/340 of 20 February 2015 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures relating to air traffic controllers\u2019 licences and certificates pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216\/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council, amending Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 923\/2012 and repealing Commission Regulation (EU) No 805\/2011"},{"key":"562_CR200","volume-title":"Complexity science in air traffic management","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cook A, Rivas D (eds) (2016) Complexity science in air traffic management. Ashgate Publishing Limited, England"},{"key":"562_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315573205-2","volume-title":"Complexity Science in Air Traffic Management","author":"Andrew Cook","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cook AJ, Zanin M (2016) Complex network theory. In: Cook AJ, Rivas D (ed) Complexity science in air traffic management Abingdon and New York Routledge. pp 9\u201322"},{"key":"562_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jairtraman.2014.09.011","volume":"42","author":"AJ Cook","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cook AJ, Blom H, Lillo F, Mantegna R, Miccich\u00e8 SS, Rivas D, V\u00e1zquez R, Zanin M, Mantegnad R (2015) Applying complexity science to air traffic management. J Air Transp Manag 42:149\u2013158","journal-title":"J Air Transp Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"562_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-016-0373-3","volume":"18","author":"S Corver","year":"2016","unstructured":"Corver S, Grote G (2016) Uncertainty management in enroute air traffic control: a field study exploring controller strategies and requirements for automation. Cogn Technol Work 18(3):541\u2013565","journal-title":"Cogn Technol Work"},{"issue":"10","key":"562_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1145\/2347736.2347755","volume":"55","author":"P Domingos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Domingos P (2012) A few useful things to know about machine learning. Commun ACM 55(10):78\u201387","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"562_CR11","unstructured":"EUROCONTROL (2008) Principles for the design of radar simulation. Luxembourg: The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)"},{"key":"562_CR12","unstructured":"EUROCONTROL (2018a) ATFCM Operations Manual: Network Manager. Edition Number: 22.0. Brussels: The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)"},{"key":"562_CR13","unstructured":"EUROCONTROL (2018b) NM ATFCM Monthly summary per airport: ATFM Delay Part\u2014December 2017. Brussels: The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)"},{"issue":"3","key":"562_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1145\/1132960.1132963","volume":"38","author":"L Geng","year":"2006","unstructured":"Geng L, Hamilton HJ (2006) Interestingness measures for data mining: a survey. ACM Comput Surv 38(3):9","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"562_CR15","unstructured":"Granger G, Durand N (2003) A traffic complexity approach through cluster analysis. In 5th USA\/Eur. Air Traffic Management R&D Seminar"},{"key":"562_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansman RJ, Davison HJ (2000) The effect of shared information on pilot\/controller and controller\/controller interactions. In: Third USA\/Europe Air Traffic Management R&D Seminar. Napoli, Italy","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-04632-6_9"},{"key":"562_CR17","unstructured":"Hilburn B (2004) Cognitive complexity in air traffic control: a literature review. In: Eurocontrol, EEC note no. 04\/04"},{"key":"562_CR18","volume-title":"Manual of Surface Movement guidance and control systems (SMGCS), document 9476","author":"ICAO","year":"1986","unstructured":"ICAO (1986) Manual of Surface Movement guidance and control systems (SMGCS), document 9476, 1st edn. International Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal","edition":"1"},{"key":"562_CR19","volume-title":"Air traffic management. Procedures for air navigation services, Document 4444","author":"ICAO","year":"2016","unstructured":"ICAO (2016) Air traffic management. Procedures for air navigation services, Document 4444, 16th edn. International Civil Aviation Organization, Montreal","edition":"16"},{"key":"562_CR20","unstructured":"Kallus KW, Van Damme D, Dittman A (1999) Integrated job and task analysis of air traffic controllers: Phase 2. Task analysis of en-route controllers (European Air Traffic Management Programme Rep. No. HUM.ET1.ST01.1000-REP-04). EUROCONTROL, Brussels, Belgium"},{"issue":"2","key":"562_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.2307\/2986296","volume":"29","author":"GV Kass","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kass GV (1980) An exploratory technique for investigating large quantities of categorical data. Appl Stat 29(2):119\u2013127","journal-title":"Appl Stat"},{"key":"562_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315168814","volume-title":"Cognitive engineering and safety organization in air traffic management","author":"T Kontogiannis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kontogiannis T, Malakis S (2017) Cognitive engineering and safety organization in air traffic management. Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"562_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-017-0409-3","volume":"19","author":"T Kontogiannis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kontogiannis T, Malakis S, McDonald N (2017) Integrating operational and risk information with system risk models in air traffic control. Cogn Technol Work 19(2\u20133):345\u2013361","journal-title":"Cogn Technol Work"},{"key":"562_CR24","unstructured":"Kopardekar P, Schwartz A, Magyarits S, Rhodes J (2007) Airspace complexity measurement: an air traffic control simulation analysis. In: 7th USA\/Europe air traffic management R\/D seminar, Barcelona, Spain"},{"key":"562_CR25","unstructured":"Laudeman IV, Shelden SG, Branstrom R, Brasil CL (1998). Dynamic density: an air traffic management metric. No. NASATM- 1988-11226. Moffet Field, CA: NASA Ames Research Center"},{"issue":"1","key":"562_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.2514\/1.36308","volume":"32","author":"K Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee K, Feron E, Pritchett A (2009) Describing airspace complexity: airspace response to disturbances. J Guidance, Control, Dyn 32(1):210\u2013222","journal-title":"J Guidance, Control, Dyn"},{"issue":"6","key":"562_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1109\/69.824588","volume":"11","author":"B Liu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Liu B, Hsu W, Mun L, Lee H (1999) Finding interesting patterns using user expectations. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 11(6):817\u2013832","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"562_CR28","first-page":"106","volume":"15","author":"S Loft","year":"2009","unstructured":"Loft S, Bolland S, Humphreys MS, Neal A (2009) A theory and model of conflict detection in air traffic control: incorporating environmental constraints. J Exp Psychol: Appl 15(2):106\u2013124","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol: Appl"},{"key":"562_CR29","first-page":"815","volume":"7","author":"WY Loh","year":"1997","unstructured":"Loh WY, Shih X (1997) Split selection methods for classification trees. Statistica Sinica 7:815\u2013840","journal-title":"Statistica Sinica"},{"issue":"2","key":"562_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2012.09.003","volume":"44","author":"S Malakis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Malakis S, Kontogiannis T (2013) A Sensemaking perspective on framing the mental picture of air traffic controllers. Appl Ergonom 44(2):327\u2013339","journal-title":"Appl Ergonom"},{"key":"562_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malakis S, Kontogiannis T, Psaros P (2014) Monitoring and evaluating failure-sensitive strategies in air traffic control simulator training. In: 7th International conference on Pervasive technologies related to assistive environments (PETRA), 27\u201330 May 2014, Rhodes, Greece","DOI":"10.1145\/2674396.2674462"},{"key":"562_CR32","unstructured":"Masalonis AJ, Callaham MB, Wanke CR (2003) Dynamic density and complexity metrics for real time traffic flow management. In: Proceedings of the 5th USA\/Europe air traffic management R & D seminar, Budapest, Hungary"},{"key":"562_CR33","unstructured":"Mogford RH, Guttman JA, Morrow SL, Kopardekar P (1995) The complexity construct in air Traffic control: a review and synthesis of the literature. No. DOT\/FAA\/CT-TN95\/22. Atlantic City, NJ: Federal Aviation Administration, William Hughes Technical Center"},{"key":"562_CR34","unstructured":"Monechi B, Ducci M, Cipolla M, Vitali S, Micciche S, Mantegna R, Gurtner G, Lillo F, Valori L, Pozzi S (2013) Exploratory analysis of safety data and their interrelation with flight trajectories and network metrics. In: Air transportation system conferences\u2014interdisciplinary science for innovative air traffic management"},{"issue":"3","key":"562_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2011.2113175","volume":"12","author":"M Prandini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Prandini M, Piroddi L, Puechmorel S, Brazdilova SL (2011) Toward air traffic complexity assessment in new generation air traffic management systems. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 12(3):809\u2013818","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"562_CR36","first-page":"81","volume":"1","author":"JR Quinlan","year":"1986","unstructured":"Quinlan JR (1986) Induction of decision trees. Mach Learn 1:81\u2013106","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"562_CR37","volume-title":"C4.5: programs for machine learning","author":"JR Quinlan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Quinlan JR (1993) C4.5: programs for machine learning. Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington"},{"key":"562_CR38","volume-title":"Data mining with decision trees: theory and applications","author":"L Rokach","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rokach L, Maimon O (2015) Data mining with decision trees: theory and applications, 2nd edn. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., Singapore","edition":"2"},{"issue":"9","key":"562_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1177\/0954410016660870","volume":"231","author":"H Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang H, Xu X, Zhao Y (2016) Empirical analysis of aircraft clusters in air traffic situation networks. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part G: J Aerosp Eng 231(9):1718\u20131731","journal-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part G: J Aerosp Eng"},{"issue":"8","key":"562_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2015.1009498","volume":"58","author":"J Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang J, Yang J, Wu C (2015) From trees to forest: relational complexity network and workload of air traffic controllers. Ergonomics. 58(8):1320\u20131336","journal-title":"Ergonomics."}],"container-title":["Cognition, Technology &amp; Work"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10111-019-00562-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10111-019-00562-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10111-019-00562-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T23:27:10Z","timestamp":1587511630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10111-019-00562-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["562"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10111-019-00562-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-5558","1435-5566"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-5558","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5566","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 October 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 April 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}