{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T08:31:02Z","timestamp":1791448262863,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]],"date-time":"2020-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]],"date-time":"2020-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cogn Tech Work"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-020-00649-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]],"date-time":"2020-09-05T13:02:41Z","timestamp":1599310961000},"page":"659-667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The role of utilitarianism, self-safety, and technology in the acceptance of self-driving cars"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3519-8232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stamatis","family":"Karnouskos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"649_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11116-016-9745-z","author":"P Bansal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bansal P, Kockelman KM (2016) Are we ready to embrace connected and self-driving vehicles? a case study of texans. Transportation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11116-016-9745-z","journal-title":"Transportation"},{"key":"649_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2016.01.019","volume":"67","author":"P Bansal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bansal P, Kockelman KM, Singh A (2016) Assessing public opinions of and interest in new vehicle technologies: an austin perspective. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol 67:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2016.01.019","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"key":"649_CR3","unstructured":"BBC (2016) Tesla car drives owner to hospital after he suffers pulmonary embolism.https:\/\/goo.gl\/CimvFn. Accessed 14 Mar 2020"},{"issue":"6293","key":"649_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf2654","volume":"352","author":"JF Bonnefon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bonnefon JF, Shariff A, Rahwan I (2016) The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles. Science 352(6293):1573\u20131576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaf2654","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/mts.2017.2696600","volume":"36","author":"J Borenstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Borenstein J, Herkert J, Miller K (2017) Self-driving cars: ethical responsibilities of design engineers. IEEE Technol Soc Mag 36(2):67\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mts.2017.2696600","journal-title":"IEEE Technol Soc Mag"},{"key":"649_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2019.2898267","author":"P Bremner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bremner P, Dennis LA, Fisher M, Winfield AF (2019) On proactive, transparent, and verifiable ethical reasoning for robots. Proc IEEE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2019.2898267","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"649_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carsten P, Andel TR, Yampolskiy M, McDonald JT (2015) In-vehicle networks. In: Proceedings of the 10th Annual cyber and information security research conference on\u2014CISR\u201915. ACM Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2746266.2746267","DOI":"10.1145\/2746266.2746267"},{"key":"649_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11572-017-9411-3","author":"I Coca-Vila","year":"2017","unstructured":"Coca-Vila I (2017) Self-driving cars in dilemmatic situations: An approach based on the theory of justification in criminal law. Crim Law Philos. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11572-017-9411-3","journal-title":"Crim Law Philos"},{"key":"649_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10677-017-9780-7","author":"FS de Sio","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Sio FS (2017) Killing by autonomous vehicles and the legal doctrine of necessity. Ethical Theory Moral Pract. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10677-017-9780-7","journal-title":"Ethical Theory Moral Pract"},{"key":"649_CR10","unstructured":"Ethik-Kommission (2017) Automatisiertes und vernetztes fahren. Technical report, Federal Ministry of Transport and DIgital Infrastructure, Germany, http:\/\/www.bmvi.de\/bericht-ethikkommission. Accessed 14 Mar 2020"},{"key":"649_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33304","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2902812","volume":"7","author":"R Fernandez-Rojas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fernandez-Rojas R, Perry A, Singh H, Campbell B, Elsayed S, Hunjet R, Abbass HA (2019) Contextual awareness in human-advanced-vehicle systems: a survey. IEEE Access 7:33304\u201333328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2019.2902812","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"649_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Freitas JD, Anthony SE, Alvarez G (2019) Doubting driverless dilemmas. Psy ArXiv Preprints. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/a36e5","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/a36e5"},{"key":"649_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2019.2926042","author":"J Guo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guo J, Kurup U, Shah M (2019) Is it safe to drive? an overview of factors, metrics, and datasets for driveability assessment in autonomous driving. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tits.2019.2926042","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"649_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2017.01.010","volume":"78","author":"CJ Haboucha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haboucha CJ, Ishaq R, Shiftan Y (2017) User preferences regarding autonomous vehicles. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol 78:37\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trc.2017.01.010","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"649_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-014-9565-5","volume":"21","author":"A Hevelke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hevelke A, Nida-R\u00fcmelin J (2014) Responsibility for crashes of autonomous vehicles: an ethical analysis. Sci Eng Ethics 21(3):619\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-014-9565-5","journal-title":"Sci Eng Ethics"},{"key":"649_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mra.2019.2912860","author":"D Hicks","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hicks D, Simmons R (2019) The national robotics initiative: a five-year retrospective. IEEE Robot Autom Mag. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mra.2019.2912860","journal-title":"IEEE Robot Autom Mag"},{"key":"649_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2016.09.022","author":"C Hohenberger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hohenberger C, Sp\u00f6rrle M, Welpe IM (2016) How and why do men and women differ in their willingness to use automated cars? The influence of emotions across different age groups. Transp Res Part C Policy Pract. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tra.2016.09.022","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Policy Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1109\/comst.2018.2869360","volume":"21","author":"R Hussain","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hussain R, Zeadally S (2019) Autonomous cars: research results, issues, and future challenges. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 21(2):1275\u20131313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/comst.2018.2869360","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"key":"649_CR19","unstructured":"IEEE (2018) Ethically aligned design: a vision for prioritizing human well-being with autonomous and intelligent systems. http:\/\/standards.ieee.org\/develop\/indconn\/ec\/autonomous_systems.html. Accessed 14 Mar 2020"},{"key":"649_CR20","volume-title":"A design science primer","author":"P Johannesson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Johannesson P, Perjons E (2012) A design science primer. CreateSpace, Scotts Valley"},{"issue":"2","key":"649_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1109\/tem.2018.2877307","volume":"67","author":"S Karnouskos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karnouskos S (2020) Self-driving car acceptance and the role of ethics. IEEE Trans Eng Manag 67(2):252\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tem.2018.2877307","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Eng Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2017.2725339","volume":"106","author":"S Karnouskos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karnouskos S, Kerschbaum F (2018) Privacy and integrity considerations in hyperconnected autonomous vehicles. Proc IEEE 106(1):160\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jproc.2017.2725339","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"649_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2015.04.014","volume":"32","author":"M Kyriakidis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kyriakidis M, Happee R, de Winter J (2015) Public opinion on automated driving: results of an international questionnaire among 5000 respondents. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav 32:127\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trf.2015.04.014","journal-title":"Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav"},{"key":"649_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-45854-9_4","volume-title":"Autonomes Fahren","author":"P Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin P (2015) Why ethics matters for autonomous cars. Autonomes Fahren. Springer, Berlin, pp 69\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-45854-9_4"},{"key":"649_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2018.05.010","volume":"124","author":"S Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li S, Sui PC, Xiao J, Chahine R (2019) Policy formulation for highly automated vehicles: emerging importance, research frontiers and insights. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 124:573\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tra.2018.05.010","journal-title":"Transp Res Part A Policy Pract"},{"key":"649_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Malle BF, Scheutz M, Arnold T, Voiklis J, Cusimano C (2015) Sacrifice one for the good of many?: People apply different moral norms to human and robot agents. In: Proceedings of the tenth annual ACM\/IEEE international conference on human-robot interaction\u2014HRI \u201915. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2696454.2696458","DOI":"10.1145\/2696454.2696458"},{"key":"649_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2019.11.007","volume":"132","author":"G Mordue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mordue G, Yeung A, Wu F (2020) The looming challenges of regulating high level autonomous vehicles. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 132:174\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tra.2019.11.007","journal-title":"Transp Res Part A Policy Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"649_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1177\/1541931213601332","volume":"60","author":"MA Nees","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nees MA (2016) Acceptance of self-driving cars: an examination of idealized versus realistic portrayals with a self- driving car acceptance scale. Proc Hum Factors Ergon Soc 60(1):1449\u20131453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1541931213601332","journal-title":"Proc Hum Factors Ergon Soc"},{"key":"649_CR29","unstructured":"NTSB (2019a) Collision between vehicle controlled by developmental automated driving system and pedestrian tempe, Arizona March 18, 2018. https:\/\/ntsb.gov\/investigations\/AccidentReports\/Reports\/HWY19FH008-preliminary.pdf. Accessed 14 Mar 2020"},{"key":"649_CR30","unstructured":"NTSB (2019b) Highway preliminary report: HWY19FH008. https:\/\/ntsb.gov\/investigations\/AccidentReports\/Pages\/HWY19FH008-preliminary-report.aspx. Accessed 14 Mar 2020"},{"key":"649_CR31","unstructured":"PWC (2016) Driving the future: understanding the new automotive consumer. Technical report, Price Waterhouse Coopers (PWC). https:\/\/tinyurl.com\/ugx334m"},{"key":"649_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2019.2901817","author":"A Rasouli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rasouli A, Tsotsos JK (2019) Autonomous vehicles that interact with pedestrians: a survey of theory and practice. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tits.2019.2901817","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"649_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.08.010","volume":"102","author":"J Rhim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rhim J, Lee G-B, Lee JH (2020) Human moral reasoning types in autonomous vehicle moral dilemma: a cross-cultural comparison of Korea and Canada. Comput Hum Behav 102:39\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2019.08.010","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"649_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R\u00f6del C, Stadler S, Meschtscherjakov A, Tscheligi M (2014) Towards autonomous cars: the effect of autonomy levels on acceptance and user experience. In: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on automotive user interfaces and interactive vehicular applications\u2014AutomotiveUI \u201914. ACM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2667317.2667330","DOI":"10.1145\/2667317.2667330"},{"key":"649_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tra.2017.10.006","volume":"122","author":"SE Shladover","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shladover SE, Nowakowski C (2019) Regulatory challenges for road vehicle automation: lessons from the California experience. Transp Res Part A Policy Pract 122:125\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tra.2017.10.006","journal-title":"Transp Res Part A Policy Pract"},{"key":"649_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2017.00122","author":"LR S\u00fctfeld","year":"2017","unstructured":"S\u00fctfeld LR, Gast R, K\u00f6nig P, Pipa G (2017) Using virtual reality to assess ethical decisions in road traffic scenarios: applicability of value-of-life-based models and influences of time pressure. Front Behav Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2017.00122","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"649_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2017.04.002","volume":"48","author":"D Vanderelst","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vanderelst D, Winfield A (2018) An architecture for ethical robots inspired by the simulation theory of cognition. Cogn Syst Res 48:56\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cogsys.2017.04.002","journal-title":"Cogn Syst Res"},{"key":"649_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166365","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2953568","volume":"7","author":"H Vdovic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vdovic H, Babic J, Podobnik V (2019) Automotive software in connected and autonomous electric vehicles: a review. IEEE Access 7:166365\u2013166379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2019.2953568","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"649_CR39","unstructured":"Zmud J, Sener IN, Wagner J (2016) Consumer acceptance and travel behavior impacts of automated vehicles. Technical report PRC 15-49 F, Texas A&M Transportation Institute. http:\/\/tti.tamu.edu\/documents\/PRC-15-49-F.pdf. Accessed 14 Mar 2020"}],"container-title":["Cognition, Technology & Work"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10111-020-00649-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10111-020-00649-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10111-020-00649-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,17]],"date-time":"2021-10-17T09:05:28Z","timestamp":1634461528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10111-020-00649-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["649"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10111-020-00649-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-5558","1435-5566"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-5558","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5566","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}