{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T01:22:26Z","timestamp":1777944146003,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013178","name":"Trafikverket","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013178","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cogn Tech Work"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-025-00837-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T04:58:04Z","timestamp":1757912284000},"page":"155-167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age, gender, and the clock: predictors of fatigue in air traffic control"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3459-1809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian","family":"Peukert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3789-9094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lothar","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"837_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/hfm.20880","volume":"31","author":"MS Abu Hanifah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abu Hanifah MS, Ismail N (2021) Fatigue and its associated risk factors among shift workers: a systematic review. Hum Factor Ergon Manuf Serv Ind 31(2):208\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hfm.20880","journal-title":"Hum Factor Ergon Manuf Serv Ind"},{"issue":"2","key":"837_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqg046","volume":"53","author":"T \u00c5kerstedt","year":"2003","unstructured":"\u00c5kerstedt T (2003) Shift work and disturbed sleep\/wakefulness. Occup Med 53(2):89\u201394","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"837_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.5.581","volume":"34","author":"M Basner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Basner M, Dinges DF (2011) Maximizing sensitivity of the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) to sleep loss. Sleep 34(5):581\u2013591","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"837_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","volume":"67","author":"D Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates D, M\u00e4chler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw 67:1\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"837_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baumgartner M, Cabon P, Drogoul F, Causse M, Imbert JP, Mouratille D (2024) Scientific evaluation of the impact of an increase in the retirement age on the cognitive functions and well-being of air traffic controllers (ATCOs). In: Advances in human factors of transportation. https:\/\/hal.science\/hal-04630033\/","DOI":"10.54941\/ahfe1005189"},{"key":"837_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2008000800016","volume":"41","author":"F Beijamini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Beijamini F, Silva AGT, Peixoto CAT, Louzada FM (2008) Influence of gender on psychomotor vigilance task performance by adolescents. Braz J Med Biol Res 41:734\u2013738","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"837_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199910000-00011","volume":"37","author":"JM Bensing","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bensing JM, Hulsman RL, Schreurs KM (1999) Gender differences in fatigue: biopsychosocial factors relating to fatigue in men and women. Med Care 37(10):1078\u20131083","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"837_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2005.11.018","volume":"168","author":"K Blatter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blatter K, Graw P, M\u00fcnch M, Knoblauch V, Wirz-Justice A, Cajochen C (2006) Gender and age differences in psychomotor vigilance performance under differential sleep pressure conditions. Behav Brain Res 168(2):312\u2013317","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"837_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2010.548876","volume":"54","author":"MM Blok","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blok MM, De Looze MP (2011) What is the evidence for less shift work tolerance in older workers? Ergonomics 54(3):221\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139.2010.548876","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"837_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/24721840.2021.1896951","volume":"32","author":"M Bongo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bongo M, Seva R (2022) Effect of fatigue in air traffic controller\u2019s workload, situation awareness, and control strategy. Int J Aerosp Psychol 32(1):1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/24721840.2021.1896951","journal-title":"Int J Aerosp Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"837_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/03610730600553968","volume":"32","author":"A Bonnefond","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bonnefond A, H\u00e4rm\u00e4 M, Hakola T, Sallinen M, Kandolin I, Virkkala J (2006) Interaction of age with shift-related sleep-wakefulness, sleepiness, performance, and social life. Exp Aging Res 32(2):185\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03610730600553968","journal-title":"Exp Aging Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"837_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.11.1365","volume":"28","author":"DJ Buysse","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buysse DJ, Monk TH, Carrier J, Begley A (2005) Circadian patterns of sleep, sleepiness, and performance in older and younger adults. Sleep 28(11):1365\u20131376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/28.11.1365","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"12","key":"837_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1080\/001401398185956","volume":"41","author":"JA Caldwell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Caldwell JA, Leduc PA (1998) Gender influences on performance, mood and recovery sleep in fatigued aviators. Ergonomics 41(12):1757\u20131770. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/001401398185956","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"837_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ergon.2018.12.004","volume":"70","author":"ML Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen ML, Lu SY, Mao IF (2019) Subjective symptoms and physiological measures of fatigue in air traffic controllers. Int J Ind Ergon 70:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ergon.2018.12.004","journal-title":"Int J Ind Ergon"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"837_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520802103410","volume":"25","author":"G Costa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Costa G, Milia L (2008) Aging and shift work: a complex problem to face. Chronobiol Int 25(2\u20133):165\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07420520802103410","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"837_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/02678379508256564","volume":"9","author":"G Costa","year":"1995","unstructured":"Costa G, Schallenberg G, Ferracin A, Gaffuri E (1995) Psychophysical conditions of air traffic controllers evaluated by the standard shiftwork index. Work Stress 9(2\u20133):281\u2013288","journal-title":"Work & Stress"},{"key":"837_CR17","unstructured":"Cruz C, Boquet A, Hackworth C, Holcomb K, Nesthus T (2004) Gender and family responsibilities as they relate to sleep and fatigue responses on the FAA air traffic control shiftwork survey. In: Proceedings of the aviation, space, and environmental medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"837_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327043hup0601_4","volume":"6","author":"JE Deaton","year":"1993","unstructured":"Deaton JE, Parasuraman R (1993) Sensory and cognitive vigilance: effects of age on performance and subjective workload. Hum Perform 6(1):71\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327043hup0601_4","journal-title":"Hum Perform"},{"issue":"6","key":"837_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03200977","volume":"17","author":"DF Dinges","year":"1985","unstructured":"Dinges DF, Powell JW (1985) Microcomputer analyses of performance on a portable, simple visual RT task during sustained operations. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 17(6):652\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03200977","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput"},{"key":"837_CR20","unstructured":"Dinges DF, Kribbs NB (1991) Performing while sleepy: effects of experimentally-induced sleepiness. Sleep, sleepiness and performance"},{"key":"837_CR21","first-page":"159","volume":"41","author":"T Edwards","year":"2012","unstructured":"Edwards T, Sharples S, Wilson JR, Kirwan B (2012) Factor interaction influences on human performance in air traffic control: the need for a multifactorial model. Work 41:159\u2013166","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"12","key":"837_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2230","volume":"35","author":"D Elmenhorst","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elmenhorst D, Kroll T, Matusch A, Bauer A (2012) Sleep deprivation increases cerebral serotonin 2A receptor binding in humans. Sleep 35(12):1615\u20131623","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"837_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2018.08.002","volume":"4","author":"EE Flynn-Evans","year":"2018","unstructured":"Flynn-Evans EE, Arsintescu L, Gregory K, Mulligan J, Nowinski J, Feary M (2018) Sleep and neurobehavioral performance vary by work start time during non-traditional day shifts. Sleep Health 4(5):476\u2013484","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"837_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520802106694","volume":"25","author":"S Folkard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Folkard S (2008) Shift work, safety, and aging. Chronobiol Int 25(2\u20133):183\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07420520802106694","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"837_CR25","first-page":"150","volume":"9","author":"E Hoddes","year":"1972","unstructured":"Hoddes E, Dement W, Zarcone V (1972) Abstracts of papers presented to the eleventh annual meeting of the association for the psychophysiological study of sleep: the development and use of the stanford sleepiness scale (SSS). Psychophysiology 9(1):150","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"837_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139308967860","volume":"36","author":"M H\u00e4rm\u00e4","year":"1993","unstructured":"H\u00e4rm\u00e4 M (1993) Individual differences in tolerance to shiftwork: a review. Ergonomics 36(1\u20133):101\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139308967860","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"837_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.08.005","volume":"59","author":"M H\u00e4rm\u00e4","year":"2006","unstructured":"H\u00e4rm\u00e4 M, Hakola T, Kandolin I, Sallinen M, Virkkala J, Bonnefond A et al (2006) A controlled intervention study on the effects of a very rapidly forward rotating shift system on sleep-wakefulness and well-being among young and elderly shift workers. Int J Psychophysiol 59(1):70\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2005.08.005","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"837_CR28","unstructured":"ICAO (2016) Manual for the oversight of fatigue management approaches. 2nd Edition"},{"issue":"3","key":"837_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.2307\/2533558","volume":"53","author":"MG Kenward","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kenward MG, Roger JH (1997) Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood. Biometrics 53(3):983\u2013997. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2533558","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"837_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-016-0809-y","volume":"49","author":"SG Luke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luke SG (2017) Evaluating significance in linear mixed-effects models in R. Behav Res Methods 49(4):1494\u20131502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-016-0809-y","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"837_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2021.103596","volume":"98","author":"C M\u00e9lan","year":"2022","unstructured":"M\u00e9lan C, Cascino N (2022) Effects of a modified shift work organization and traffic load on air traffic controller\u2019s sleep and alertness during work and non-work activities. Appl Ergon 98:103596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2021.103596","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"837_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139308967868","volume":"36","author":"H Oginska","year":"1993","unstructured":"Oginska H, Pokorski J, Oginski A (1993) Gender, ageing, and shiftwork intolerance. Ergonomics 36(1\u20133):161\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139308967868","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"837_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S235385","volume":"12","author":"M Olpinska-Lischka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olpinska-Lischka M, Kujawa K, Wirth JA, Antosiak-Cyrak KZ, Maciaszek J (2020) The influence of 24-hr sleep deprivation on psychomotor vigilance in young women and men. Nat Sci Sleep 12:125\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NSS.S235385","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"837_CR34","unstructured":"Peukert M, Meyer L (2022) The influence of rostering factors on fatigue in an irregular shift system in air traffic control. In: 10th international conference for research in air transportation (ICRAT)"},{"key":"837_CR35","unstructured":"Putilov A, Donskaya O (2020) Are younger people sleepier than older people after missing bedtime and night sleep? It depends... In: Bioinformatics of genome regulation and structure\/systems biology (BGRS\/SB-2020). pp. 669\u2013670"},{"key":"837_CR36","unstructured":"R Core Team. R (2024) A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 4.3.3 (Angel Food Cake)) [Computer software]. The R foundation for statistical computing. https:\/\/www.R-project.org\/"},{"key":"837_CR37","unstructured":"Rhodes W, Szlapetis I, Hahn K, Heslegrave R, Ujimoto K (1994) A study of the impact of shiftwork and overtime on air traffic controllers\u2013Phase I: determining appropriate research tools. Transportation development centre"},{"issue":"10","key":"837_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130500241670","volume":"48","author":"I Rouch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rouch I, Wild P, Ansiau D, Marqui\u00e9 JC (2005) Shiftwork experience, age and cognitive performance. Ergonomics 48(10):1282\u20131293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140130500241670","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"837_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.07.002","volume":"15","author":"IB Saksvik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saksvik IB, Bjorvatn B, Hetland H, Sandal GM, Pallesen S (2011) Individual differences in tolerance to shift work-a systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 15(4):221\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.07.002","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"837_CR40","volume-title":"Handbook of aging and cognition","author":"TA Salthouse","year":"2011","unstructured":"Salthouse TA, Craik FI, Salthouse TA (2011) Handbook of aging and cognition. Taylor and Francis, UK"},{"issue":"19","key":"837_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2730","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1521637113","volume":"113","author":"N Santhi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santhi N, Lazar AS, McCabe PJ, Lo JC, Groeger JA, Dijk DJ (2016) Sex differences in the circadian regulation of sleep and waking cognition in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci 113(19):E2730\u2013E2739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1521637113","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"837_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-024-01534-6","volume":"90","author":"MD Stosic","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stosic MD, Flynn-Evans EE, Duenas J, Ruben MA (2024) Gender bias in the perception of others\u2019 fatigue: women report more fatigue than men but have their fatigue underestimated by others. Sex Roles 90(11):1599\u20131615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11199-024-01534-6","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"issue":"10","key":"837_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000865","volume":"58","author":"U Techera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Techera U, Hallowell M, Stambaugh N, Littlejohn R (2016) Causes and consequences of occupational fatigue: meta-analysis and systems model. J Occup Environ Med 58(10):961\u2013973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JOM.0000000000000865","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"837_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4625","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19084625","volume":"19","author":"M Terenzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Terenzi M, Ricciardi O, Nocera F (2022) Rostering in air traffic control: a narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(8):4625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19084625","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"09","key":"837_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4042","volume":"10","author":"J Thomann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thomann J, Baumann CR, Landolt HP, Werth E (2014) Psychomotor vigilance task demonstrates impaired vigilance in disorders with excessive daytime sleepiness. J Clin Sleep Med 10(09):1019\u20131024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.4042","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"837_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2013.01.004","volume":"18","author":"K Uehli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Uehli K, Mehta AJ, Miedinger D, Hug K, Schindler C, Holsboer-Trachsler E et al (2014) Sleep problems and work injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 18(1):61\u201373","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"837_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-016-1170-2","volume":"90","author":"A Van Drongelen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Van Drongelen A, Boot CRL, Hlobil H, Smid T, Van Der Beek AJ (2017) Risk factors for fatigue among airline pilots. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 90(1):39\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00420-016-1170-2","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"837_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsy098","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy098","volume":"41","author":"P Vidafar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vidafar P, Gooley JJ, Burns AC, Rajaratnam SM, Rueger M, Reen E et al (2018) Increased vulnerability to attentional failure during acute sleep deprivation in women depends on menstrual phase. Sleep 41(8):zsy098","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"837_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3","volume-title":"ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis","author":"H Wickham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wickham H (2009) ggplot2: Elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer, New York, NY"}],"container-title":["Cognition, Technology &amp; Work"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10111-025-00837-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10111-025-00837-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10111-025-00837-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T07:50:52Z","timestamp":1777708252000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10111-025-00837-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["837"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10111-025-00837-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1435-5558","1435-5566"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1435-5558","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-5566","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no Conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}