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These paradigms are complementary, and the latter could be considered a more neutral version of the former. There are two main technologies associated with these paradigms: ontologies and databases. Database technology is widespread in industry and is well established. Ontologies remain largely a plaything of the academic community which, despite numerous projects and publications, have seen limited implementations in industrial manufacturing applications. The main objective of this paper is to provide a comparison between ontologies and databases, offering both qualitative and quantitative analyses in the context of PLM and PPR. To achieve this, the article presents (1) a literature review within the context of manufacturing systems that use databases and ontologies, identifying their respective strengths and weaknesses, and (2) an implementation in a real industrial scenario that demonstrates how different modeling approaches can be used for the same purpose. This experiment is used to enable discussion and comparative analysis of both modeling strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-021-01558-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]],"date-time":"2021-04-03T15:02:42Z","timestamp":1617462162000},"page":"1271-1304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comparing ontologies and databases: a critical review of lifecycle engineering models in manufacturing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0525-163X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borja","family":"Ramis\u00a0Ferrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8364-3348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael M.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7081-7257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mussawar","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sergii","family":"Iarovyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4266-5767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6227-3408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Martinez\u00a0Lastra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1558_CR1","unstructured":"IEC (2021) IEC White Paper Future Factory:2015 | IEC Webstore | water automation, water management, smart city. https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/publication\/23389"},{"issue":"4","key":"1558_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2006.885188","volume":"2","author":"IM Delamer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Delamer IM, Lastra JLM (2006) Service-oriented architecture for distributed publish\/subscribe middleware in electronics production. 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