{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:01:26Z","timestamp":1784746886111,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knowl Inf Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-025-02558-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T05:51:42Z","timestamp":1755841902000},"page":"11015-11040","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["EnsembleNet: a novel deep ensemble learning model with GANBERT and BiLSTM for automated fake news detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"B. M.","family":"Brinda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Geetha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2558_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162122","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3132502","volume":"9","author":"VI Ilie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ilie VI, Truic\u0103 CO, Apostol ES, Paschke A (2021) Context-aware misinformation detection: a benchmark of deep learning architectures using word embeddings. IEEE Access 9:162122\u2013162146","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"2558_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3390\/math10040569","volume":"10","author":"CO Truic\u0103","year":"2022","unstructured":"Truic\u0103 CO, Apostol ES (2022) Misrob\u00e6rta: transformers versus misinformation. Mathematics 10(4):569","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"2558_CR3","first-page":"749","volume":"3180","author":"CO Truic\u0103","year":"2022","unstructured":"Truic\u0103 CO, Apostol ES, Paschke A (2022) Awakened at CheckThat! 2022: fake news detection using BiLSTM and sentence transformer. Working Notes of CLEF 3180:749\u2013757","journal-title":"Working Notes of CLEF"},{"issue":"3","key":"2558_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.3390\/math11030508","volume":"11","author":"CO Truic\u0103","year":"2023","unstructured":"Truic\u0103 CO, Apostol ES (2023) It\u2019s all in the embedding! Fake news detection using document embeddings. Mathematics 11(3):508","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"2558_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrescu A, Truic\u0103 CO, Apostol ES. (2024) Language-based mixture of transformers for exist2024. Working Notes of CLEF","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-04354-2_10"},{"key":"2558_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.126984","volume":"275","author":"CO Truic\u0103","year":"2025","unstructured":"Truic\u0103 CO, Apostol ES, Marogel M, Paschke A (2025) GETAE: graph information enhanced deep neural network ensemble architecture for fake news detection. Expert Syst Appl 275:126984","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"2558_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrescu A, Truic\u0103 CO, Apostol ES, Karras P. (2021) Sparse shield: social network immunization vs. harmful speech. In: Proceedings of the 30th ACM international conference on information & knowledge management. pp 1426\u20131436","DOI":"10.1145\/3459637.3482481"},{"key":"2558_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125861","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3331220","volume":"11","author":"CO Truic\u0103","year":"2023","unstructured":"Truic\u0103 CO, Apostol ES, Nicolescu RC, Karras P (2023) MCWDST: a minimum-cost weighted directed spanning tree algorithm for real-time fake news mitigation in social media. IEEE Access 11:125861\u2013125873","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2558_CR9","volume":"55","author":"ES Apostol","year":"2024","unstructured":"Apostol ES, Coban \u00d6, Truic\u0103 CO (2024) Contain: a community-based algorithm for network immunization. Eng Sci Technol Int J 55:101728","journal-title":"Eng Sci Technol Int J"},{"key":"2558_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2024.3417232","author":"ES Apostol","year":"2024","unstructured":"Apostol ES, Truic\u0103 CO, Paschke A (2024) ContCommRTD: a distributed content-based misinformation-aware community detection system for real-time disaster reporting. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TKDE.2024.3417232","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"2558_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Truic\u0103 CO, Constantinescu AT, Apostol ES. (2024) StopHC: a harmful content detection and mitigation architecture for social media platforms. In: 2024 IEEE 20th international conference on intelligent computer communication and processing (ICCP), IEEE, pp 01\u201305","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCP63557.2024.10793051"},{"key":"2558_CR12","unstructured":"Truic\u0103 CO, Apostol ES, Stefu T, Karras P. (2021) A deep learning architecture for audience interest prediction of news topic on social media. In: International conference on extending database technology (EDBT2021), pp 588\u2013599"},{"key":"2558_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Truic\u0103 CO, Darmont J, Velcin J. (2016) A scalable document-based architecture for text analysis. In: Advanced data mining and applications: 12th international conference, ADMA 2016, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia. Springer International Publishing, pp 481\u2013494","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-49586-6_33"},{"key":"2558_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Truica CO, Radulescu F, Boicea A. (2016) Comparing different term weighting schemas for topic modeling. In: 2016 18th international symposium on symbolic and numeric algorithms for scientific computing (SYNASC), IEEE, pp 307\u2013310","DOI":"10.1109\/SYNASC.2016.055"},{"key":"2558_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R\u0103dulescu IM, Truic\u0103 CO, Apostol ES, Dobre C. (2020) Enhancing scientific collaborations using community detection and document clustering. In: 2020 IEEE 16th international conference on intelligent computer communication and processing (ICCP). IEEE, pp 43\u201350","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCP51029.2020.9266267"},{"key":"2558_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Truica CO, Apostol ES, Leordeanu CA. (2017) Topic modeling using contextual cues. In: 2017 19th international symposium on symbolic and numeric algorithms for scientific computing (SYNASC), IEEE, pp 203\u2013210","DOI":"10.1109\/SYNASC.2017.00041"},{"key":"2558_CR17","first-page":"69","volume":"79","author":"CO Truica","year":"2017","unstructured":"Truica CO, Leordeanu CA (2017) Classification of an imbalanced data set using decision tree algorithms. Univ Politech Bucharest Sci Bull Ser C Electr Eng Comput Sci 79:69\u201384","journal-title":"Univ Politech Bucharest Sci Bull Ser C Electr Eng Comput Sci"},{"key":"2558_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112412","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3443092","volume":"12","author":"SK Hamed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hamed SK, Ab Aziz MJ, Yaakub MR (2024) improving data fusion for fake news detection: a hybrid fusion approach for unimodal and multimodal data. IEEE Access. 12:112412\u2013112425","journal-title":"IEEE Access."},{"issue":"3","key":"2558_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-023-01891-7","volume":"14","author":"B Palani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Palani B, Elango S (2023) CTrL-FND: content-based transfer learning approach for fake news detection on social media. Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag 14(3):903\u2013918","journal-title":"Int J Syst Assur Eng Manag"},{"key":"2558_CR20","volume":"17","author":"J Hauschild","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hauschild J, Eskridge K (2024) Word embedding and classification methods and their effects on fake news detection. Mach Learn Appl 17:100566","journal-title":"Mach Learn Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"2558_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.13839","volume":"42","author":"HT Phan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Phan HT, Hwang D, Seo YS, Nguyen NT (2025) Modelling context and content features for fake news detection. Expert Syst 42(3):e13839","journal-title":"Expert Syst"},{"issue":"7","key":"2558_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4207","DOI":"10.3390\/app13074207","volume":"13","author":"Y Salini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salini Y, Harikiran J (2023) Multiplicative vector fusion model for detecting deepfake news in social media. Appl Sci 13(7):4207","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"2558_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2022.109789","volume":"132","author":"A Solairaj","year":"2023","unstructured":"Solairaj A, Sugitha G, Kavitha G (2023) Enhanced elman spike neural network based sentiment analysis of online product recommendation. Appl Soft Comput 132:109789","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"2558_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-025-01161-2","volume":"12","author":"B Vineetha","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vineetha B, Nirmala M (2025) Tri-algo guardian ensemble approach for fake news detection in social media. J Big Data 12(1):1\u20139","journal-title":"J Big Data"},{"issue":"13","key":"2558_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38109","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-16824-6","volume":"83","author":"AR Merryton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Merryton AR, GethsiyalAugasta M (2024) An attribute-wise attention model with BiLSTM for efficient fake news detection. Multimed Tools Appl 83(13):38109\u201338126","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"2558_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-15364-3","volume":"83","author":"A Mallik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mallik A, Kumar S (2024) Word2Vec and LSTM based deep learning technique for context-free fake news detection. Multimed Tools Appl 83(1):919\u2013940","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"2558_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s10791-024-09490-1","volume":"27","author":"F Rustam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rustam F, Aljedaani W, Jurcut AD, Alfarhood S, Safran M, Ashraf I (2024) Fake news detection using enhanced features through text to image transformation with customized models. Discover Comput 27(1):54","journal-title":"Discover Comput"},{"issue":"14","key":"2558_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20042","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-024-06216-4","volume":"80","author":"P Rani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rani P, Shokeen J (2024) Fnnet: a secure ensemble-based approach for fake news detection using blockchain. J Supercomput 80(14):20042\u201320079","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"2558_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48436","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3382832","volume":"12","author":"W Jian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jian W, Li JP, Akbar MA, Haq AU, Khan S, Alotaibi RM, Alajlan SA (2024) Sa-bi-lstm: self attention with bi-directional LSTM-based intelligent model for accurate fake news detection to ensured information integrity on social media platforms. IEEE Access 12:48436\u201348452","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"15","key":"2558_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22631","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-024-06307-2","volume":"80","author":"J Gorai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gorai J, Shaw DK (2024) Semantic difference-based feature extraction technique for fake news detection. J Supercomput 80(15):22631\u201322653","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"2558_CR31","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/datasets\/emineyetm\/fake-news-detection-datasets\/data"},{"key":"2558_CR32","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/datasets\/rmisra\/politifact-fact-check-dataset\/data"},{"key":"2558_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2024.05.049","volume":"236","author":"A Filali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Filali A, Merras M (2024) Enhancing spam detection with GANs and BERT embeddings: a novel approach to imbalanced datasets. Proc Comput Sci 236:420\u2013427","journal-title":"Proc Comput Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2558_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1049\/htl2.12073","volume":"11","author":"I Ahmad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmad I, Rashid J, Faheem M, Akram A, Khan NA, Amin RU (2024) Autism spectrum disorder detection using facial images: a performance comparison of pretrained convolutional neural networks. Healthc Technol Lett 11(4):227\u2013239","journal-title":"Healthc Technol Lett"},{"key":"2558_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2024.103407","volume":"155","author":"SM Bukhari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bukhari SM, Zafar MH, AbouHouran M, Moosavi SK, Mansoor M, Muaaz M, Sanfilippo F (2024) Secure and privacy-preserving intrusion detection in wireless sensor networks: federated learning with SCNN-Bi-LSTM for enhanced reliability. Ad Hoc Netw 155:103407","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw"},{"key":"2558_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Croce D, Castellucci G, Basili R (2020) GAN-BERT: generative adversarial learning for robust text classification with a bunch of labeled examples. In: Proceedings of the 58th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics, pp 2114\u20132119","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.191"}],"container-title":["Knowledge and Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10115-025-02558-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10115-025-02558-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10115-025-02558-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T15:52:22Z","timestamp":1762530742000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10115-025-02558-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2558"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10115-025-02558-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0219-1377","0219-3116"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0219-1377","type":"print"},{"value":"0219-3116","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}