{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T03:51:21Z","timestamp":1770090681279,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation,China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No.61572035\uff0c61402011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.61572035\uff0c61402011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundatio","award":["2308085US11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2308085US11"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017668","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022a05020005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022a05020005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017668","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Leading Backbone Talent Project in Anhui Province, China","award":["2020-1-12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-1-12"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Province Academic and Technical Leader Foundation","award":["No. 2022D327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2022D327"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Knowl Inf Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-026-02687-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T15:05:35Z","timestamp":1770044735000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Behavioral differential petri nets based privacy-preserving method for event logs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0315-9503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daoyu","family":"Kan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8531-7215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianwen","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2687_CR1","volume-title":"Process mining: discovery, conformance and enhancement of business processes","author":"V Huser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huser V (2012) Process mining: discovery, conformance and enhancement of business processes. Academic Press, New York"},{"key":"2687_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van der Aalst W (2016) Data science in action. In: Process mining: data science in action. Springer, Berlin, pp. 3\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-662-49851-4_1.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-49851-4_1"},{"issue":"4","key":"2687_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2018.2841877","volume":"31","author":"A Augusto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Augusto A et al (2019) Automated discovery of process models from event logs: review and benchmark. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 31(4):686\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TKDE.2018.2841877","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"2687_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mannhardt F, Petersen SA, Oliveira MF (2018) Privacy challenges for process mining in human-centered industrial environments. In: 2018 14th International conference on intelligent environments (IE), Rome, Italy. IEEE, New York, pp. 64\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IE.2018.00017.","DOI":"10.1109\/IE.2018.00017"},{"issue":"2","key":"2687_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1108\/MBE-07-2017-0040","volume":"22","author":"A Stefanini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stefanini A, Aloini D, Benevento E, Dulmin R, Mininno V (2018) Performance analysis in emergency departments: a data-driven approach. Meas Bus Excell 22(2):130\u2013145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/MBE-07-2017-0040","journal-title":"Meas Bus Excell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2687_CR6","first-page":"221","volume":"72","author":"WG Voss","year":"2016","unstructured":"Voss WG (2016) European Union data privacy law reform: general data protection regulation, privacy shield, and the right to delisting. Bus Law 72(1):221\u2013234","journal-title":"Bus Law"},{"key":"2687_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D\u2019Acquisto G, Domingo-Ferrer J, Kikiras P, Torra V, de Montjoye Y-A, Bourka A (2015). Privacy by design in big data: an overview of privacy enhancing technologies in the era of big data analytics. European Union Agency for Network and\nInformation Security. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2824\/641480","DOI":"10.2824\/641480"},{"issue":"05","key":"2687_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218488502001648","volume":"10","author":"L Sweeney","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sweeney L (2002) K-anonymity: a model for protecting privacy. Int J Unc Fuzz Knowl Based Syst 10(05):557\u2013570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0218488502001648","journal-title":"Int J Unc Fuzz Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"2687_CR9","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Theory and applications of models of computation","author":"C Dwork","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dwork C (2008) \u2018Differential privacy: a survey of results. In: Agrawal M, Du D, Duan Z, Li A (eds) Theory and applications of models of computation. Springer, Berlin, pp 1\u201319"},{"issue":"6","key":"2687_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1109\/41.334574","volume":"41","author":"R Zurawski","year":"1994","unstructured":"Zurawski R, Zhou M (1994) Petri nets and industrial applications: a tutorial. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 41(6):567\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/41.334574","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Electron"},{"issue":"9","key":"2687_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2004.47","volume":"16","author":"W van der Aalst","year":"2004","unstructured":"van der Aalst W, Weijters T, Maruster L (2004) Workflow mining: discovering process models from event logs. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 16(9):1128\u20131142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TKDE.2004.47","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"key":"2687_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38697-8_17","volume-title":"Application and theory of petri nets and concurrency","author":"SJJ Leemans","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leemans SJJ, Fahland D, van der Aalst WMP (2013) \u2018Discovering block-structured process models from event logs\u2014a constructive approach. In: Colom J-M, Desel J (eds) Application and theory of petri nets and concurrency. Springer, Berlin, pp 311\u2013329"},{"issue":"2","key":"2687_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2022.3195869","volume":"53","author":"C Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu C, Cheng L, Zeng Q, Wen L (2022) Formal modeling and discovery of hierarchical business processes: a petri net-based approach. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Syst 53(2):1003\u20131014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSMC.2022.3195869","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"2687_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2022.106109","volume":"9","author":"C Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu C (2022) Formal modeling and discovery of multi-instance business processes: a cloud resource management case study. IEEE CAA J Autom Sin 9(12):2151\u20132160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JAS.2022.106109","journal-title":"IEEE CAA J Autom Sin"},{"issue":"4","key":"2687_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1109\/TSC.2016.2617331","volume":"12","author":"C Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu C, Duan H, Zeng Q, Zhou M, Lu F, Cheng J (2019) Towards comprehensive support for privacy preservation cross-organization business process mining. IEEE Trans Serv Comput 12(4):639\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSC.2016.2617331","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Serv Comput"},{"key":"2687_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rafiei M, von Waldthausen L, van\u00a0der Aalst WMP (2020) Supporting confidentiality in process mining using abstraction and encryption. In: Ceravolo P, van Keulen M, G\u00f3mez-L\u00f3pez MT (eds) Data-driven process discovery and analysis. In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 101\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-46633-6_6.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-46633-6_6"},{"key":"2687_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-019-00613-3","author":"F Mannhardt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mannhardt F, Koschmider A, Baracaldo N, Weidlich M, Michael J (2019) Privacy-preserving process mining: differential privacy for event logs. Bus Inf Syst Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12599-019-00613-3","journal-title":"Bus Inf Syst Eng"},{"key":"2687_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Der Aalst W et al (2012) Process mining Manifesto. In: Daniel F, Barkaoui K, Dustdar S (eds) Business process management workshops, vol. 99, in Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, vol. 99. Springer, Berlin, pp. 169\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-28108-2_19.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28108-2_19"},{"key":"2687_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"van der Aalst WMP (2017) Responsible data science: using event data in a \u201cPeople Friendly\u201d Manner. In: Hammoudi S, Maciaszek LA, Missikoff MM, Camp O, Cordeiro J (eds) Enterprise information systems. In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 3\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-62386-3_1.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-62386-3_1"},{"issue":"3","key":"2687_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2022.3193493","volume":"20","author":"X Cong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cong X, Fanti MP, Mangini AM, Li Z (2023) Critical observability of labeled time petri net systems. IEEE Trans Automat Sci Eng 20(3):2063\u20132074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TASE.2022.3193493","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Automat Sci Eng"},{"issue":"12","key":"2687_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8158","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2023.3292747","volume":"68","author":"X Cong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cong X, Fanti MP, Mangini AM, Li Z (2023) Critical observability verification and enforcement of labeled petri nets by using basis markings. IEEE Trans Automat Contr 68(12):8158\u20138164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TAC.2023.3292747","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Automat Contr"},{"key":"2687_CR22","unstructured":"Fahrenkrog-Petersen S (2019) Providing privacy guarantees in process mining. In: Proceedings of 31st international conference on advanced information system engineering (CAiSE), Rome, Italy, May 2019, pp. 23\u201330."},{"key":"2687_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisa.2022.103235","volume":"68","author":"E Batista","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batista E, Mart\u00ednez-Ballest\u00e9 A, Solanas A (2022) Privacy-preserving process mining: a microaggregation-based approach. J Inf Secur Appl 68:103235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jisa.2022.103235","journal-title":"J Inf Secur Appl"},{"key":"2687_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fahrenkrog-Petersen SA, van der Aa H, Weidlich M (2019) PRETSA: event log sanitization for privacy-aware process discovery. In: 2019 International Conference on Process Mining (ICPM), Aachen, Germany. IEEE, New York, pp. 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICPM.2019.00012.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPM.2019.00012"},{"issue":"2","key":"2687_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10506-014-9154-6","volume":"22","author":"A Monreale","year":"2014","unstructured":"Monreale A, Pedreschi D, Pensa RG, Pinelli F (2014) Anonymity preserving sequential pattern mining. Artif Intell Law 22(2):141\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10506-014-9154-6","journal-title":"Artif Intell Law"},{"key":"2687_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"De La Briandais R (1959) File searching using variable length keys. In: Papers presented at the the March 3\u20135, 1959, western joint computer conference, in IRE-AIEE-ACM \u201959 (Western). New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, March 1959, pp. 295\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1457838.1457895.","DOI":"10.1145\/1457838.1457895"},{"key":"2687_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50316-1_24","volume-title":"Research challenges in information science","author":"M Rafiei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rafiei M, Wagner M, van der Aalst WMP (2020) TLKC-privacy model for process mining. In: Dalpiaz F, Zdravkovic J, Loucopoulos P (eds) Research challenges in information science. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 398\u2013416"},{"key":"2687_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rafiei M, van der Aalst WMP (2019) Mining roles from event logs while preserving privacy. In: Di Francescomarino C, Dijkman R, Zdun U (eds) Business process management workshops, in Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 676\u2013689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-37453-2_54.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-37453-2_54"},{"key":"2687_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58666-9_7","volume-title":"Business process management","author":"SA Fahrenkrog-Petersen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fahrenkrog-Petersen SA, van der Aa H, Weidlich M (2020) PRIPEL: privacy-preserving event log publishing including contextual information. In: Fahland D, Ghidini C, Becker J, Dumas M (eds) Business process management. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 111\u2013128"},{"key":"2687_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2022.102161","volume":"115","author":"G Elkoumy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elkoumy G, Pankova A, Dumas M (2023) Differentially private release of event logs for process mining. Inf Syst 115:102161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.is.2022.102161","journal-title":"Inf Syst"},{"key":"2687_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rafiei M, Wangelik F, van der Aalst WMP (2022) TraVaS: differentially private trace variant selection for process mining. arXiv: arXiv:2210.14951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2210.14951.","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2210.14951"},{"key":"2687_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rafiei M, Wangelik F, Pourbafrani M, van der Aalst WMP (2023) TraVaG: Differentially private trace variant generation using GANs. In: Nurcan S, Opdahl AL, Mouratidis H, Tsohou A (eds) Research challenges in information science: information science and the connected world. Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, pp. 415\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-33080-3_25.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-33080-3_25"},{"key":"2687_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fahrenkog-Petersen SA, Kabierski M, R\u00f6sel F, van der Aa H, Weidlich M (2021) SaCoFa: Semantics-aware control-flow anonymization for process mining\u2019. In: 2021 3rd international conference on process mining (ICPM), Eindhoven, Netherlands. IEEE, New York, 2021, pp. 72\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICPM53251.2021.9576857.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPM53251.2021.9576857"},{"key":"2687_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.is.2023.102169","volume":"114","author":"SA Fahrenkrog-Petersen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fahrenkrog-Petersen SA, Kabierski M, van der Aa H, Weidlich M (2023) Semantics-aware mechanisms for control-flow anonymization in process mining. Inf Syst 114:102169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.is.2023.102169","journal-title":"Inf Syst"},{"key":"2687_CR35","volume-title":"Introduction to petri net","author":"H Wu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wu H (2006) Introduction to petri net. Beijing Machinery Industry Press, Beijing"},{"issue":"3","key":"2687_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00165-009-0112-0","volume":"22","author":"L Makni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Makni L et al (2010) Preserving correctness during business process model configuration. Form Asp Comput 22(3):459\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00165-009-0112-0","journal-title":"Form Asp Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"2687_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2010.96","volume":"37","author":"M Weidlich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weidlich M, Mendling J, Weske M (2011) Efficient consistency measurement based on behavioral profiles of process models. IIEEE Trans Software Eng 37(3):410\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSE.2010.96","journal-title":"IIEEE Trans Software Eng"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2687_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1561\/0400000042","volume":"9","author":"C Dwork","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dwork C, Roth A (2014) The algorithmic foundations of differential privacy. TCS 9(3\u20134):211\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1561\/0400000042","journal-title":"TCS"}],"container-title":["Knowledge and Information Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10115-026-02687-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10115-026-02687-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10115-026-02687-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T15:05:39Z","timestamp":1770044739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10115-026-02687-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2687"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10115-026-02687-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0219-1377","0219-3116"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0219-1377","type":"print"},{"value":"0219-3116","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"71"}}