{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T14:33:06Z","timestamp":1782743586663,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions","award":["777996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["777996"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int. J. Inf. Secur."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-020-00519-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T08:03:41Z","timestamp":1598688221000},"page":"571-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A trust model for popular smart home devices"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3035-3774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Ferraris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Fernandez-Gago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadi","family":"El-Moussa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"519_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-019-00445-y","volume":"19","author":"P Aufner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aufner, P.: The IoT security gap: a look down into the valley between threat models and their implementation. Int. J. Inf. Secur. 19, 3\u201314 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10207-019-00445-y","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Secur."},{"key":"519_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bastos, D., Shackleton, M., El-Moussa, F.: Internet of things: a survey of technologies and security risks in smart home and city environments. In: IET Conference Proceedings, pp. 30(7)\u201330(7)(1) (2018)","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2018.0030"},{"issue":"9","key":"519_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2017.3571053","volume":"50","author":"H Chung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chung, H., Iorga, M., Voas, J., Lee, S.: Alexa, can i trust you? Computer 50(9), 100 (2017)","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"519_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diin.2017.06.010","volume":"22","author":"H Chung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chung, H., Park, J., Lee, S.: Digital forensic approaches for amazon alexa ecosystem. Digit. Invest. 22, S15\u2013S25 (2017)","journal-title":"Digit. Invest."},{"key":"519_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erickson, J.: Trust metrics. In: International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems, CTS\u201909, pp. 93\u201397. IEEE (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/CTS.2009.5067467"},{"key":"519_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.02.039","volume":"396","author":"C Fernandez-Gago","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fernandez-Gago, C., Moyano, F., Lopez, J.: Modelling trust dynamics in the internet of things. Inf. Sci. 396, 72\u201382 (2017)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"519_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferraris, D., Daniel, J., Fernandez-Gago, C., Lopez, J.: A segregated architecture for a trust-based network of internet of things. In: 2019 16th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC) (CCNC 2019). Las Vegas, USA (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/CCNC.2019.8651703"},{"key":"519_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferraris, D., Fernandez-Gago, C., Lopez, J.: A trust-by-design framework for the internet of things. In: 9th IFIP International Conference on New Technologies, Mobility and Security (NTMS), pp. 1\u20134. IEEE (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/NTMS.2018.8328674"},{"key":"519_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-019-00438-x","volume":"19","author":"D Ferraris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferraris, D., Fernandez-Gago, C.: TrUStAPIS: a trust requirements elicitation method for IoT. Int. J. Inf. Secur. 19, 111\u2013127 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10207-019-00438-x","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Secur."},{"issue":"1","key":"519_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-018-1174-x","volume":"23","author":"M Ford","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ford, M., Palmer, W.: Alexa, are you listening to me? An analysis of Alexa voice service network traffic. Pers. Ubiquit. Comput. 23(1), 67\u201379 (2019)","journal-title":"Pers. Ubiquit. Comput."},{"key":"519_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganchev, I., Ji, Z., O\u2019Droma, M.: A generic IoT architecture for smart cities IET (2014)","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2014.0684"},{"issue":"2","key":"519_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2478\/gfkmir-2018-0014","volume":"10","author":"M Giesler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giesler, M., Fischer, E.: Iot stories: the good, the bad and the freaky. GfK Market. Intell. Rev. 10(2), 25\u201330 (2018)","journal-title":"GfK Market. Intell. Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"519_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1145\/1139922.1139924","volume":"49","author":"LJ Hoffman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hoffman, L.J., Lawson-Jenkins, K., Blum, J.: Trust beyond security: an expanded trust model. Commun. ACM 49(7), 94\u2013101 (2006)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"issue":"1","key":"519_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/02763869.2018.1404391","volume":"37","author":"MB Hoy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoy, M.B.: Alexa, Siri, Cortana, and more: an introduction to voice assistants. Med. Ref. Serv. Quart. 37(1), 81\u201388 (2018)","journal-title":"Med. Ref. Serv. Quart."},{"issue":"2","key":"519_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dss.2005.05.019","volume":"43","author":"A J\u00f8sang","year":"2007","unstructured":"J\u00f8sang, A., Ismail, R., Boyd, C.: A survey of trust and reputation systems for online service provision. Decis. Support Syst. 43(2), 618\u2013644 (2007)","journal-title":"Decis. Support Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"519_CR16","first-page":"269","volume":"5","author":"AC Jose","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jose, A.C., Malekian, R.: Smart home automation security: a literature review. SmartCR 5(4), 269\u2013285 (2015)","journal-title":"SmartCR"},{"key":"519_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kepuska, V., Bohouta, G.: Next-generation of virtual personal assistants (microsoft cortana, apple Siri, Amazon Alexa and Google home). In: 2018 IEEE 8th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC), pp. 99\u2013103. IEEE (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CCWC.2018.8301638"},{"key":"519_CR18","unstructured":"Lei, X., Tu, G.H., Liu, A.X., Ali, K., Li, C.Y., Xie, T.: The Insecurity of Home Digital Voice Assistants\u2014Amazon Alexa as a Case Study (2017). arXiv preprint arXiv:1712.03327"},{"key":"519_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmoud, R., Yousuf, T., Aloul, F., Zualkernan, I.: Internet of things (IoT) security: current status, challenges and prospective measures. In: 2015 10th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST), pp. 336\u2013341. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICITST.2015.7412116"},{"key":"519_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moyano, F., Fernandez-Gago, C., Lopez, J.: A conceptual framework for trust models. In: 9th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business (TrustBus 2012. vol. 7449 of Lectures Notes in Computer Science, pp. 93-104. Springer (2012)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32287-7_8"},{"issue":"2","key":"519_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.3390\/s18020492","volume":"18","author":"A Nieto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nieto, A., Rios, R., Lopez, J.: Iot-forensics meets privacy: towards cooperative digital investigations. Sensors 18(2), 492 (2018)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"519_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Notra, S., Siddiqi, M., Gharakheili, H.H., Sivaraman, V., Boreli, R.: An experimental study of security and privacy risks with emerging household appliances. In: IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS), pp. 79\u201384. IEEE (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CNS.2014.6997469"},{"issue":"1","key":"519_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-019-00439-w","volume":"19","author":"S Ozawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ozawa, S., Ban, T., Hashimoto, N., Nakazato, J., Shimamura, J.: A study of iot malware activities using association rule learning for darknet sensor data. Int. J. Inf. Secur. 19(1), 83\u201392 (2020)","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Secur."},{"key":"519_CR24","unstructured":"Park, M.J., James, J.I.: Preliminary study of a Google home mini (2020). arXiv preprint arXiv:2001.04574"},{"key":"519_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, J.S., Moon, M., Hwang, S., Yeom, K.: CASS: a context-aware simulation system for smart home. In: 5th ACIS International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA 2007). IEEE (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/SERA.2007.60"},{"key":"519_CR26","unstructured":"Pavlidis, M.: Designing for trust. In: CAiSE (Doctoral Consortium), pp. 3\u201314 (2011)"},{"key":"519_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Purington, A., Taft, J.G., Sannon, S., Bazarova, N.N., Taylor, S.H.: Alexa is my new BFF: social roles, user satisfaction, and personification of the Amazon echo. In: Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 2853\u20132859. ACM (2017)","DOI":"10.1145\/3027063.3053246"},{"issue":"9","key":"519_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2011.291","volume":"44","author":"R Roman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roman, R., Najera, P., Lopez, J.: Securing the internet of things. Computer 44(9), 51\u201358 (2011)","journal-title":"Computer"},{"issue":"10","key":"519_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.12.018","volume":"57","author":"R Roman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roman, R., Zhou, J., Lopez, J.: On the features and challenges of security and privacy in distributed internet of things. Comput. Netw. 57(10), 2266\u20132279 (2013)","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"519_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronen, E., Shamir, A.: Extended functionality attacks on IoT devices: the case of smart lights. In: IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P), pp. 3\u201312. IEEE (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSP.2016.13"},{"key":"519_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronen, E., Shamir, A., Weingarten, A.O., O\u2019Flynn, C.: IoT goes nuclear. In: IEEE Symposium on Creating a ZigBee chain reaction Security and Privacy (SP), pp. 195\u2013212 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/SP.2017.14"},{"key":"519_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sciuto, A., Saini, A., Forlizzi, J., Hong, J.I. (2018). Hey Alexa, What\u2019s Up? A mixed-methods studies of in-home conversational agent usage. In: Proceedings of the 2018 Designing Interactive Systems Conference, pp. 857\u2013868","DOI":"10.1145\/3196709.3196772"},{"issue":"1","key":"519_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-019-00446-x","volume":"19","author":"B Shayesteh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shayesteh, B., Hakami, V., Akbari, A.: A trust management scheme for IoT-enabled environmental health\/accessibility monitoring services. Int. J. Inf. Secur. 19(1), 93\u2013110 (2020)","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Secur."},{"key":"519_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57959-7","volume-title":"The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). A Practical Guide","author":"P Voigt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Voigt, P., Von dem Bussche, A.: The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). A Practical Guide, 1st edn. Springer, Cham (2017)","edition":"1"},{"key":"519_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2018.29120.bkw","volume":"21","author":"BK Wiederhold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wiederhold, B.K.: Alexa, are you my mom? The role of artificial intelligence in child development. Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw. 21, 471\u2013472 (2018)","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. Behav. Soc. Netw."},{"key":"519_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2014.01.014","volume":"42","author":"Z Yan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yan, Z., Zhang, P., Vasilakos, A.V.: A survey on trust management for internet of things. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 42, 120\u2013134 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Netw. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"519_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, M., et al.: Security analysis of internet-of-things: a case study of august smart lock. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS). IEEE (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2017.8116427"},{"key":"519_CR38","unstructured":"Zhang, N., Mi, X., Feng, X., Wang, X., Tian, Y., Qian, F.: Understanding and mitigating the security risks of voice-controlled third-party skills on Amazon alexa and Google home (2018). arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.01525"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Information Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10207-020-00519-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10207-020-00519-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10207-020-00519-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T23:43:42Z","timestamp":1630194222000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10207-020-00519-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10207-020-00519-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1615-5262","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-5270","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 August 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}