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In summary, digital twin architectures and frameworks include five components: the physical entity, bidirectional communication, the virtual entity (with modeling and simulation), data management, and services. Our study contributed by determining that distribution management is the most pertinent application of digital twins in the distribution domain and fault diagnosis in the generation domain. Furthermore, we found that digital twins involve multiple stakeholders whose role is rarely discussed in studies, and we identified a similar absence of emphasis for security. Research on security often presents the digital twin as an additional layer of protection, yet rarely investigates the security of the digital twin by itself. The potential limitations of our study to answer some of the technical research questions may be because of the criteria for the selection of papers. However, as the emphasis of this study is on the energy sector, it enabled domain-specific findings for generation and distribution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10207-023-00784-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T19:02:23Z","timestamp":1701457343000},"page":"1171-1195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["A review on digital twins for power generation and distribution"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Jessica B.","family":"Heluany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Gkioulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"784_CR1","unstructured":"CISA, Energy sector. https:\/\/www.cisa.gov\/topics\/critical-infrastructure-security-and-resilience\/critical-infrastructure-sectors\/energy-sector"},{"key":"784_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gopstein, A., Nguyen, C., O\u2019Fallon, C., Hastings, N., Wollman, D.A.: Nist framework and roadmap for smart grid interoperability standards, release 4.0 (2021-02-18 00:02:00 2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6028\/NIST.SP.1108r4","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.1108r4"},{"issue":"3","key":"784_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3230712","volume":"9","author":"W Ketter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ketter, W., Collins, J., Saar-Tsechansky, M., Marom, O.: Information systems for a smart electricity grid: emerging challenges and opportunities. 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