{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T10:46:31Z","timestamp":1778496391039,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009117","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009117","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Found Comput Math"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We provide a new upper bound for sampling numbers <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$(g_n)_{n\\in \\mathbb {N}}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:msub>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:msub>\n                        <mml:mi>g<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:msub>\n                      <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>\u2208<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:msub>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> associated with the compact embedding of a separable reproducing kernel Hilbert space into the space of square integrable functions. There are universal constants <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$C,c&gt;0$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>C<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mi>c<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mn>0<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> (which are specified in the paper) such that <jats:disp-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\begin{aligned} g^2_n \\le \\frac{C\\log (n)}{n}\\sum \\limits _{k\\ge \\lfloor cn \\rfloor } \\sigma _k^2,\\quad n\\ge 2, \\end{aligned}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mtable>\n                      <mml:mtr>\n                        <mml:mtd>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:msubsup>\n                              <mml:mi>g<\/mml:mi>\n                              <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                              <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                            <\/mml:msubsup>\n                            <mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mfrac>\n                              <mml:mrow>\n                                <mml:mi>C<\/mml:mi>\n                                <mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo>\n                                <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                                <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                                <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                            <\/mml:mfrac>\n                            <mml:munder>\n                              <mml:mo>\u2211<\/mml:mo>\n                              <mml:mrow>\n                                <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                                <mml:mo>\u2265<\/mml:mo>\n                                <mml:mo>\u230a<\/mml:mo>\n                                <mml:mi>c<\/mml:mi>\n                                <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                                <mml:mo>\u230b<\/mml:mo>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:munder>\n                            <mml:msubsup>\n                              <mml:mi>\u03c3<\/mml:mi>\n                              <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                              <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                            <\/mml:msubsup>\n                            <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mspace\/>\n                            <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                            <mml:mo>\u2265<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:mtd>\n                      <\/mml:mtr>\n                    <\/mml:mtable>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:disp-formula>where <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$(\\sigma _k)_{k\\in \\mathbb {N}}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:msub>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:msub>\n                        <mml:mi>\u03c3<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:msub>\n                      <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mi>k<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>\u2208<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>N<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:msub>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> is the sequence of singular numbers (approximation numbers) of the Hilbert\u2013Schmidt embedding <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\mathrm {Id}:H(K) \\rightarrow L_2(D,\\varrho _D)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>Id<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>:<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mi>H<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>K<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mo>\u2192<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:msub>\n                      <mml:mi>L<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:msub>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>D<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:msub>\n                        <mml:mi>\u03f1<\/mml:mi>\n                        <mml:mi>D<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:msub>\n                      <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>. The algorithm which realizes the bound is a least squares algorithm based on a specific set of sampling nodes. These are constructed out of a random draw in combination with a down-sampling procedure coming from the celebrated proof of Weaver\u2019s conjecture, which was shown to be equivalent to the Kadison\u2013Singer problem. Our result is non-constructive since we only show the existence of a linear sampling operator realizing the above bound. The general result can for instance be applied to the well-known situation of <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$H^s_{\\text {mix}}(\\mathbb {T}^d)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:msubsup>\n                      <mml:mi>H<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mtext>mix<\/mml:mtext>\n                      <mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:msubsup>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:msup>\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>T<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mi>d<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:msup>\n                      <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> in <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$L_2(\\mathbb {T}^d)$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:msub>\n                      <mml:mi>L<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:msub>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:msup>\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>T<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mi>d<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:msup>\n                      <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> with <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$s&gt;1\/2$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                    <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>. We obtain the asymptotic bound <jats:disp-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\begin{aligned} g_n \\le C_{s,d}n^{-s}\\log (n)^{(d-1)s+1\/2}, \\end{aligned}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mtable>\n                      <mml:mtr>\n                        <mml:mtd>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mi>g<\/mml:mi>\n                              <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                            <mml:mo>\u2264<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:msub>\n                              <mml:mi>C<\/mml:mi>\n                              <mml:mrow>\n                                <mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi>\n                                <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                                <mml:mi>d<\/mml:mi>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:msub>\n                            <mml:msup>\n                              <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                              <mml:mrow>\n                                <mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo>\n                                <mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:msup>\n                            <mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:msup>\n                              <mml:mrow>\n                                <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                                <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                                <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                              <mml:mrow>\n                                <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                                <mml:mi>d<\/mml:mi>\n                                <mml:mo>-<\/mml:mo>\n                                <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                                <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                                <mml:mi>s<\/mml:mi>\n                                <mml:mo>+<\/mml:mo>\n                                <mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn>\n                                <mml:mo>\/<\/mml:mo>\n                                <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                              <\/mml:mrow>\n                            <\/mml:msup>\n                            <mml:mo>,<\/mml:mo>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:mtd>\n                      <\/mml:mtr>\n                    <\/mml:mtable>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:disp-formula>which improves on very recent results by shortening the gap between upper and lower bound to <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$\\sqrt{\\log (n)}$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:msqrt>\n                    <mml:mrow>\n                      <mml:mo>log<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mo>(<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mi>n<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>)<\/mml:mo>\n                    <\/mml:mrow>\n                  <\/mml:msqrt>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>. The result implies that for dimensions <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>$$d&gt;2$$<\/jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\">\n                  <mml:mrow>\n                    <mml:mi>d<\/mml:mi>\n                    <mml:mo>&gt;<\/mml:mo>\n                    <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                  <\/mml:mrow>\n                <\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> any sparse grid sampling recovery method does not perform asymptotically optimal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10208-021-09504-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T19:07:01Z","timestamp":1619464021000},"page":"445-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["A New Upper Bound for Sampling Numbers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Nagel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tino","family":"Ullrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"9504_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Berlinet and C.\u00a0Thomas-Agnan. 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