{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T17:07:36Z","timestamp":1758906456760},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,26]],"date-time":"2006-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1156550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Univ Access Inf Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,19]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-006-0049-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,25]],"date-time":"2006-08-25T16:13:00Z","timestamp":1156522380000},"page":"253-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Consilience for universal design: the emergence of a third culture"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Darren","family":"Dalcher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"49_CR1","volume-title":"A concept of corporate planning","author":"RL Ackoff","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ackoff, R.L.: A Concept of Corporate Planning. Wiley, New York (1970)"},{"key":"49_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.11.1.20","volume":"11","author":"RL Ackoff","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ackoff, R.L.: The art and science of mess management. Interfaces 11, 20\u201326 (1981)","journal-title":"Interfaces"},{"key":"49_CR3","volume-title":"Flying buttresses, entropy, and o-rings: the World of the engineer","author":"JL Adams","year":"1991","unstructured":"Adams, J.L.: Flying Buttresses, Entropy, and O-rings: The World of the Engineer. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1991)"},{"key":"49_CR4","volume-title":"Natural computing and interactive system design","author":"R Adams","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adams, R.: Natural Computing and Interactive System Design. Pearson, Harlow (2005)"},{"key":"49_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams, R., Langdon, P.: Assessment, insight and awareness in user centred that includes users with special needs. In: Keates, S., Clarkson. P.J., Langdon, P., Robinson, P. (eds) Springer, London (2004)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-85729-372-5_6"},{"key":"49_CR6","volume-title":"Notes on the synthesis of form","author":"C Alexander","year":"1964","unstructured":"Alexander, C.: Notes on the Synthesis of Form. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1964)"},{"key":"49_CR7","volume-title":"The timeless way of buildings","author":"C Alexander","year":"1979","unstructured":"Alexander, C.: The Timeless Way of Buildings. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1979)"},{"key":"49_CR8","volume-title":"A pattern language","author":"C Alexander","year":"1977","unstructured":"Alexander, C.: A Pattern Language. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1977)"},{"key":"49_CR9","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Information technology for command and control: methods and tools for systems development and evaluation","author":"SJ Andriole","year":"1991","unstructured":"Andriole, S.J.: Flexible life cycle for multidisciplinary C2 information systems engineering. In: Andriole, S.J., Halpin, S.M. (eds) Information Technology for Command and Control: Methods and Tools for Systems Development and Evaluation. IEEE, New York, pp 107\u2013136 (1991)"},{"key":"49_CR10","first-page":"61","volume":"172","author":"BL Archer","year":"1963","unstructured":"Archer, B.L.: Systematic method for designers. Design 172, 61\u201369 (1963)","journal-title":"Design"},{"key":"49_CR11","first-page":"76","volume-title":"Design methods in architecture","author":"BL Archer","year":"1969","unstructured":"Archer, B.L.: The structure of the design process. In: Broadbent, G., Ward, A. (eds) Design Methods in Architecture. Lund Humphries, London, pp 76\u2013102 (1969)"},{"issue":"1","key":"49_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-694X(79)90023-1","volume":"1","author":"BL Archer","year":"1979a","unstructured":"Archer, B.L.: Design as a discipline: whatever became of design methodology? Des. Stud. 1(1), 17\u201318 (1979a)","journal-title":"Des Stud"},{"issue":"1","key":"49_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-694X(79)90023-1","volume":"1","author":"BL Archer","year":"1979b","unstructured":"Archer, B.L.: The three Rs. Des. Stud. 1(1), 18\u201320 (1979b)","journal-title":"Des Stud"},{"key":"49_CR14","volume-title":"Rapid evolutionary development: requirements, prototyping and software creation","author":"LJ Arthur","year":"1992","unstructured":"Arthur, L.J.: Rapid Evolutionary Development: Requirements, Prototyping and Software Creation. Wiley, New York (1992)"},{"key":"49_CR15","volume-title":"On learning and adaptation in the economy (No. 92-07-038)","author":"WB Arthur","year":"1992","unstructured":"Arthur, W.B.: On Learning and Adaptation in the Economy (No. 92-07-038). Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe (1992)"},{"key":"49_CR16","volume-title":"Introduction to design","author":"W Asimow","year":"1962","unstructured":"Asimow, W.: Introduction to Design. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1962)"},{"key":"49_CR17","unstructured":"Bacon, J.: Scientific judgement: contribution to or substitute for policy. Paper presented at the Speech of the Director General of the HSE, Foundation for Science & Technology, 11 February 1997"},{"key":"49_CR18","volume-title":"Thinking and deciding","author":"J Baron","year":"1988","unstructured":"Baron, J.: Thinking and Deciding. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1988)"},{"key":"49_CR19","unstructured":"Bazjanac, V.: Architectural design theory: models of the design process. In: Spillers, W.R. (eds) Basic Questions of Design Theory. North-Holland, New York, pp 3\u201320 (1974)"},{"issue":"1","key":"49_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-694X(79)90024-3","volume":"1","author":"JR Bessant","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bessant, J.R., McMahon, B.J.: Participant observation of a major design decision in industry. Des. Stud. 1(1), 21\u201328 (1979)","journal-title":"Des Stud"},{"key":"49_CR21","unstructured":"Bijl, A.: An approach to design theory. In: Yoshikawa, H., Warman, E.A. (eds) Design Theory in CAD. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 3\u201325 (1987)"},{"key":"49_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511624223","volume-title":"A practical handbook for software development","author":"ND Birrell","year":"1985","unstructured":"Birrell, N.D., Ould, M.A.: A Practical Handbook for Software Development. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1985)"},{"key":"49_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195091601.001.0001","volume-title":"Beyond programming: to a new era of design","author":"BI Blum","year":"1996","unstructured":"Blum, B.I.: Beyond Programming: To a new era of Design. Oxford University Press, New York (1996)"},{"key":"49_CR24","unstructured":"Boehm, B.W.: Software process management: lessons learned from history. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 9th ICSE, March 1987"},{"key":"49_CR25","volume-title":"How buildings learn: what happens when they fail, Revised edn","author":"S Brand","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brand, S.: How Buildings Learn: What Happens When They Fail, revised edn. Phoenix, London (1997)"},{"key":"49_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1978.tb01363.x","volume":"9","author":"HJ Brightman","year":"1978","unstructured":"Brightman, H.J.: Differences in ill-structured problem solving along the organisational hierarchy. Decis. Sci. 9, 1\u201318 (1978)","journal-title":"Decis Sci"},{"key":"49_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/800027.808439","volume-title":"The mythical man-month","author":"FPJ Brooks","year":"1975","unstructured":"Brooks, F.P.J.: The Mythical Man-month. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1975)"},{"key":"49_CR28","unstructured":"Brooks, F.P.J.: No silver bullet: essence and accident in software engineering. In: Kugler, H.J. (ed.) Information Processing, vol. 86. Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp. 1069\u20131076 (1986)"},{"key":"49_CR29","unstructured":"Brooks, F.P.J.: The Mythical Man-month Revisited. Talk given at the IEE, 2 December 1997"},{"key":"49_CR30","unstructured":"Buchanan, R.: Wicked problems: managing the entrapment trap. Innovation 10, 31\u201333 (1991)"},{"issue":"2","key":"49_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2307\/1511637","volume":"8","author":"R Buchanan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Buchanan, R.: Wicked problems in design thinking. Des. Issues 8(2), 5\u201321 (1992)","journal-title":"Des Issues"},{"key":"49_CR32","unstructured":"Carroll, J.M., Thomas, J.C., Malhotra, A.: Presentation and representation in design problem solving. Am. J. Psychol. 93, 269\u2013284 (1980)"},{"key":"49_CR33","volume-title":"Applications strategies for risk analysis","author":"RN Charette","year":"1990","unstructured":"Charette, R.N.: Applications Strategies for Risk Analysis. Intertext\/McGraw-Hill, New York (1990)"},{"key":"49_CR34","volume-title":"Systems thinking, systems practice","author":"P Checkland","year":"1981","unstructured":"Checkland, P.: Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Wiley, Chichester (1981)"},{"key":"49_CR35","volume-title":"Information, systems, and information systems: making sense of the field","author":"P Checkland","year":"1998","unstructured":"Checkland, P., Holwell, S.: Information, Systems, and Information Systems: Making Sense of the Field. Wiley, Chichester (1998)"},{"issue":"4","key":"49_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B141","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.14.4.B141","volume":"14","author":"CW Churchman","year":"1967","unstructured":"Churchman, C.W.: Wicked problems. Manage. Sci. 14(4), B141\u2013B142 (1967)","journal-title":"Manage Sci"},{"key":"49_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke, L.: Acceptable Risk? Making Decisions in a Toxic Environment. University of California Press, Berkeley (1989)","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520352094"},{"key":"49_CR38","volume-title":"What everyone should know about science","author":"HC Collins","year":"1993","unstructured":"Collins, H.C., Pinch, T.: What Everyone should Know about Science. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1993)"},{"key":"49_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2307\/1566960","volume":"12","author":"A Colquhoun","year":"1969","unstructured":"Colquhoun, A.: Typology and the design method. Perspecta: Yale Architect. J. 12, 71\u201374 (1969)","journal-title":"Perspecta: Yale Architect J"},{"key":"49_CR40","first-page":"139","volume-title":"Research directions in software technology","author":"FJ Corbato","year":"1979","unstructured":"Corbato, F.J., Clingen, C.T.: A managerial view of the multics system development. In: Wegner, P. (eds) Research Directions in Software Technology. MIT, Cambridge, pp 139\u2013160 (1979)"},{"issue":"23","key":"49_CR41","first-page":"37","volume":"17","author":"J Cosgrove","year":"1971","unstructured":"Cosgrove, J.: Needed: a new planning framework. Datamation 17(23), 37\u201339 (1971)","journal-title":"Datamation"},{"key":"49_CR42","volume-title":"Knowledge based design systems","author":"RD Coyne","year":"1990","unstructured":"Coyne, R.D. et al.: Knowledge based Design Systems. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1990)"},{"issue":"4","key":"49_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-694X(81)90050-8","volume":"2","author":"N Cross","year":"1981","unstructured":"Cross, N., Naughton, J., Walker, D.: Design method and scientific method. Des. Stud. 2(4), 195\u2013201 (1981)","journal-title":"Des Stud"},{"key":"49_CR44","volume-title":"Architecture: the story of practice","author":"D Cuff","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cuff, D.: Architecture: The Story of Practice. MIT, Cambridge (1991)"},{"key":"49_CR45","volume-title":"Systems and decision making: a management science approach","author":"HG Daellenbach","year":"1994","unstructured":"Daellenbach, H.G.: Systems and Decision Making: A Management Science Approach. Wiley, Chichester (1994)"},{"key":"49_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0017636","volume-title":"Software engineering education","author":"D Dalcher","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dalcher, D.: Falling down is part of growing up: the study of failure and the software engineering community. In: Diaz-Herrera, J.L. (eds) Software Engineering Education. LNCS. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 489\u2013496 (1994)"},{"key":"49_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalcher, D.: Disaster in London: the LAS case study. Paper presented at the IEEE Engineering of Computer based Systems Symposium (ECBS99), Nashville (1999)","DOI":"10.1109\/ECBS.1999.755860"},{"key":"49_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalcher, D.: Towards continuous development. In: Kirikova, M. et al. (eds) Information Systems Development, Advances in Methodologies, Components and Management. Kluwer, New York, pp. 53\u201368 (2002a)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0167-1_5"},{"key":"49_CR49","unstructured":"Dalcher, D.: Safety, risk and danger: a new dynamic perspective. Cutter IT J. 15(2), 23\u201327 (2002b)"},{"key":"49_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalcher, D.: Beyond normal failures: dynamic management of software projects. Technol. Analy. Strategic Manage. 15(4), 421\u2013439 (2003a)","DOI":"10.1080\/095373203000136024"},{"key":"49_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dalcher, D.: Learning from failure. Software Process Improvem. Practice 7(2), 71\u201389 (2003b)","DOI":"10.1002\/spip.156"},{"key":"49_CR52","volume-title":"Management information systems, conceptual foundations, structure and development","author":"GB Davis","year":"1984","unstructured":"Davis, G.B., Olson, M.H.: Management Information Systems, Conceptual Foundations, Structure and Development. McGraw-Hill, New York (1984)"},{"key":"49_CR53","volume-title":"The fabric of reality","author":"D Deutsch","year":"1997","unstructured":"Deutsch, D.: The Fabric of Reality. Allen Lane, London (1997)"},{"key":"49_CR54","volume-title":"Risk and culture: an essay of the selection of technological and environmental dangers","author":"M Douglas","year":"1982","unstructured":"Douglas, M., Wildavsky, A.: Risk and Culture: An Essay of the Selection of Technological and Environmental Dangers. California University Press, Berkeley (1982)"},{"key":"49_CR55","volume-title":"Engineering design: a synthesis of views","author":"CL Dym","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dym, C.L.: Engineering Design: A Synthesis of Views. Cambridge University Press, New York (1994)"},{"key":"49_CR56","volume-title":"Engineering design: a project based introduction","author":"CL Dym","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dym, C.L., Little, P.: Engineering Design: A Project based Introduction. Wiley, New York (2000)"},{"key":"49_CR57","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Nature\u2019s imagination","author":"F Dyson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dyson, F.: Introduction. The scientist as a rebel. In: Cornwell, J. (eds) Nature\u2019s Imagination. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 1\u201311 (1995)"},{"key":"49_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511812255","volume-title":"Nuts and bolts for the social sciences","author":"J Elster","year":"1989","unstructured":"Elster, J.: Nuts and Bolts for the social sciences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1989)"},{"key":"49_CR59","unstructured":"Esherick, J.: Problems of the design of a design system. In: Jones, J.C., Thornley, D.G. (eds) Conference on Design Methods. Macmillan, London pp. 59\u201374 (1963)"},{"key":"49_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferguson, E.S.: The mind\u2019s eye: non-verbal thought in technology. Science 197, 827\u2013836 (1977)","DOI":"10.1126\/science.197.4306.827"},{"key":"49_CR61","volume-title":"Engineering and the mind\u2019s eye","author":"ES Ferguson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ferguson, E.S.: Engineering and the Mind\u2019s Eye. MIT, Cambridge (1992)"},{"key":"49_CR62","volume-title":"Learning from failure\u2014the systems approach","author":"J Fortune","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fortune, J., Peters, G.: Learning from Failure\u2014The Systems Approach. Wiley, Chichester (1995)"},{"key":"49_CR63","first-page":"2","volume-title":"Software design techniques, 4th edn","author":"P Freeman","year":"1983","unstructured":"Freeman, P.: Fundamentals of Design. In: Freeman, P., Wasserman, A.I. (eds) Software Design Techniques, 4th edn. IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, pp. 2\u201322 (1983)"},{"key":"49_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freudenburg, W.R.: Perceived risk, real risk: social science and the art of probabilistic risk assessment. Science 242, 44\u201349 (1988)","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3175635"},{"key":"49_CR65","unstructured":"Funtowitz, S.O., Ravetz, J.R.: A new problem solving strategy for global environmental issues. Natl. Forum 38\u201341 (1990)"},{"issue":"1","key":"49_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.1992.tb01311.x","volume":"12","author":"SO Funtowitz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Funtowitz, S.O., Ravetz, J.R.: Risk management as a postnormal science. Risk Anal. 12(1), 95\u201397 (1992)","journal-title":"Risk Anal"},{"key":"49_CR67","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Social theories of risk","author":"SO Funtowitz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Funtowitz, S.O., Ravetz, J.R.: Three types of risk assessment and the emergence of post-normal science. In: Krimsky, S., Golding, D. (eds) Social Theories of Risk. Praeger, Westport, pp. 251\u2013274 (1992)"},{"key":"49_CR68","first-page":"172","volume-title":"Accident and design: contemporary debates in risk management","author":"SO Funtowitz","year":"1996","unstructured":"Funtowitz, S.O., Ravetz, J.R.: Risk management, post-normal science, and extended peer communities. In: Hood, C., Jones, D.K.C. (eds) Accident and Design: Contemporary Debates in Risk Management. UCL, London, pp. 172\u2013181 (1996)"},{"key":"49_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1145\/229868.230048","volume-title":"Bringing design to software","author":"S Gal","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gal, S.: Footholds for design. In: Winograd, T. (eds) Bringing Design to Software. Addison-Wesley, Reading, pp. 215\u2013227 (1996)"},{"issue":"5","key":"49_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1145\/358189.358066","volume":"27","author":"RV Giddings","year":"1984","unstructured":"Giddings, R.V.: Accommodating uncertainty in software design. Commun. ACM 27(5), 428\u2013434 (1984)","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"issue":"2","key":"49_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.1999.754066","volume":"16","author":"RL Glass","year":"1999","unstructured":"Glass, R.L.: On design. IEEE Softw. 16(2), 103\u2013104 (1999)","journal-title":"IEEE Softw"},{"key":"49_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/016224399001500201","volume":"15","author":"ME Gorman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Gorman, M.E., Carlson, W.B.: Interpreting invention as a cognitive process: the case of Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison and the telephone. Sci. Technol. Human Values 15, 131\u2013164 (1990)","journal-title":"Sci Technol Human Values"},{"key":"49_CR73","volume-title":"The design of engineering systems","author":"W Gosling","year":"1962","unstructured":"Gosling, W.: The Design of Engineering Systems. Heywood, London (1962)"},{"key":"49_CR74","first-page":"107","volume":"42","author":"CI Gragg","year":"1964","unstructured":"Gragg, C.I.: Whose fault was it? Harv. Bus. Rev. 42, 107\u2013110 (1964)","journal-title":"Harv Bus Rev"},{"key":"49_CR75","volume-title":"The design method","author":"SA Gregory","year":"1967","unstructured":"Gregory, S.A.: The Design Method. Butterworth, London (1967)"},{"key":"49_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01211526","volume":"10","author":"RM Hogarth","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hogarth, R.M., Kunreuther, H.: Decision making under ignorance: arguing with yourself. J. Risk Uncertain. 10, 15\u201336 (1995)","journal-title":"J Risk Uncertain"},{"key":"49_CR77","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Thinking","author":"KJ Holyoak","year":"1990","unstructured":"Holyoak, K.J.: Problem solving. In: Osherson, D.N., Smith, E.E. (eds) Thinking. MIT, Cambridge, pp. 117\u2013146 (1990)"},{"key":"49_CR78","first-page":"53","volume":"13","author":"P Hopper","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hopper, P.: Emergent grammar. Berkley Lingusit. Soc. 13, 53\u201379 (1987)","journal-title":"Berkley Lingusit Soc"},{"key":"49_CR79","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Complex problem solving: principles and mechanisms","author":"E Hunt","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hunt, E.: Some comments on the study of complexity. In: Sternberg, R.J., Frensch, P.A. (eds) Complex Problem Solving: Principles and Mechanisms. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, London, pp. 383\u2013396 (1991)"},{"key":"49_CR80","volume-title":"Science, liberty, and peace","author":"A Huxley","year":"1946","unstructured":"Huxley, A.: Science, Liberty, and Peace. Harper, London (1946)"},{"key":"49_CR81","volume-title":"Groupthink: psychological studies of policy decisions and fiascoes","author":"IL Janis","year":"1982","unstructured":"Janis, I.L.: Groupthink: Psychological Studies of Policy Decisions and Fiascoes. Houghton Mifflin, Boston (1982)"},{"key":"49_CR82","unstructured":"Jemison, D.: Scientific uncertainty and the political process. In: Kunreuther, H., Slovic, P. (eds) Challenges in Risk Assessment and Risk Management. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Thousand Oaks, pp. 35\u201343 (1996)"},{"key":"49_CR83","volume-title":"Design methods: seeds of human futures","author":"JC Jones","year":"1970","unstructured":"Jones, J.C.: Design Methods: Seeds of Human Futures. Wiley, New York (1970)"},{"key":"49_CR84","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Social theories of risk","author":"RE Kasperson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kasperson, R.E.: The social amplification of risk: progress in developing an integrative framework. In: Krimsky, S., Golding, D. (eds) Social Theories of Risk. Praeger, Westport, pp. 153\u2013178 (1992)"},{"key":"49_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasperson, R.E., Kasperson, J.X.: The social amplification and attenuation of risk, the annals of the American academy of political and social science. In: Kunreuther, H., Slovic, P. (eds) Challenges in Risk Assessment and Risk Management. American Academy of Political and Social Science, Thousand Oaks, no. 545, pp. 95\u2013105 (1996)","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716296545001010"},{"key":"49_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1145\/229868.230042","volume-title":"Bringing design to software","author":"D Kelley","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kelley, D., Hartfield, B.: The designer\u2019s stance. In: Winograd, T. (eds) Bringing Design to Software. Addison-Wesley, Reading, pp. 151\u2013164 (1996)"},{"key":"49_CR87","first-page":"175","volume-title":"System design","author":"GA Klein","year":"1987","unstructured":"Klein, G.A.: Analytical versus recognitional approaches to design decision making. In: Rouse, W.B., Boff, K.R. (eds) System Design. North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp. 175\u2013188 (1987)"},{"key":"49_CR88","unstructured":"Koen, B.V.: Toward a definition of the engineering method. Eng. Educat. 75, 47\u201352 (1984)"},{"key":"49_CR89","volume-title":"The act of creation","author":"A Koestler","year":"1964","unstructured":"Koestler, A.: The act of creation. Hutchinson, London (1964)"},{"key":"49_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kunreuther, H., Slovic, P. (eds.): Challenges in Risk Assessment and Risk Management. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 545. Sage Periodicals Press, Thousand Oaks (1996)","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716296545001012"},{"key":"49_CR91","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M.: Some characteristics of S-, E- and P-type programs. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Feast Workshop II. Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, pp. 24\u201325 (1994)"},{"key":"49_CR92","volume-title":"Rules and tools for software evolution planning and management Paper presented at the FEAST 2000","author":"MM Lehman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M.: Rules and tools for software evolution planning and management. Paper presented at the FEAST 2000. Imperial College, London (2000)"},{"key":"49_CR93","volume-title":"Program evolution: processes of software change","author":"MM Lehman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lehman, M.M., Belady, L.A.: Program Evolution: Processes of Software Change. Academic, London (1985)"},{"key":"49_CR94","volume-title":"Of acceptable risk: science and the determination of safety","author":"WW Lowrance","year":"1976","unstructured":"Lowrance, W.W.: Of Acceptable Risk: Science and the Determination of Safety. William Kaufmann, Los Altos (1976)"},{"issue":"2","key":"49_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/016224398601100208","volume":"11","author":"FM Lynn","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lynn, F.M.: The interplay of science and values in assessing and regulating environmental risks. Sci. Technol. Hum. Values 11(2), 40\u201350 (1986)","journal-title":"Sci Technol Hum Values"},{"key":"49_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-03014-1","volume-title":"Thinking in complexity: the complex dynamics of matter, mind, and mankind","author":"K Mainzer","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mainzer, K.: Thinking in Complexity: The Complex Dynamics of Matter, Mind, and Mankind. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1994)"},{"key":"49_CR97","unstructured":"Mann, R.W.: Engineering design. In: McGraw-Hill Encyclopaedia of Science and Technology, vol. 6, pp. 359\u2013372 (1989)"},{"key":"49_CR98","first-page":"17","volume-title":"The architecture of form","author":"LJ March","year":"1976","unstructured":"March, L.J.: The logic of design and the question of value. In: March, L.J. (eds) The Architecture of Form. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 17\u201323 (1976)"},{"key":"49_CR99","unstructured":"Medawar, P.B.: Advice to a Young Scientist. Pan, London (1981)"},{"key":"49_CR100","first-page":"44","volume-title":"Design after modernism","author":"T Mitchell","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mitchell, T.: The product as illusion. In: Thackara, J. (eds) Design after Modernism. Thames and Hudson, London, pp. 44\u201351 (1988)"},{"key":"49_CR101","volume-title":"Unbounded mind: breaking the chains of traditional business thinking","author":"II Mitroff","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mitroff, I.I., Linstone, H.A.: Unbounded Mind: Breaking the Chains of Traditional Business Thinking. Oxford University Press, New York (1993)"},{"key":"49_CR102","volume-title":"Images of organisation","author":"G Morgan","year":"1986","unstructured":"Morgan, G.: Images of Organisation. Sage Publications, London (1986)"},{"issue":"1","key":"49_CR103","first-page":"21","volume":"6","author":"J Mostow","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mostow, J.: Towards better models of the design process. AI. Mag. 6(1), 21\u201327 (1985)","journal-title":"AI Mag"},{"issue":"10","key":"49_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B642","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.13.10.B642","volume":"13","author":"G Nadler","year":"1967","unstructured":"Nadler, G.: An investigation of design methodology. Manage. Sci. 13(10), B642\u2013B655 (1967)","journal-title":"Manage Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"49_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1985.6313452","volume":"15","author":"G Nadler","year":"1985","unstructured":"Nadler, G.: Systems methodology and design. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man. Cybern. 15(6), 685\u2013697 (1985)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern"},{"key":"49_CR106","unstructured":"Page, J.K.: A review of the papers presented at the conference. In: Jones, J.C., Thornley, D.G. (eds) Conference on Design Methods. Macmillan, London pp. 107\u2013112 (1963)"},{"issue":"2","key":"49_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.1986.6312940","volume":"12","author":"DL Parnas","year":"1986","unstructured":"Parnas, D.L., Clements, P.C.: A rational design process: how and why to fake it. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 12(2), 251\u2013257 (1986)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"49_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1145\/170846.170851","volume":"14","author":"RJ Paul","year":"1993","unstructured":"Paul, R.J.: Why users cannot \u2018get what they want\u2019. ACM SIGIOS Bull. 14(2), 8\u201312 (1993)","journal-title":"ACM SIGIOS Bull"},{"key":"49_CR109","volume-title":"Normal accidents, living with high-risk technologies","author":"C Perrow","year":"1984","unstructured":"Perrow, C.: Normal Accidents, Living with High-Risk Technologies. Basic Books, New York (1984)"},{"key":"49_CR110","volume-title":"Software design: methods and techniques","author":"LJ Peters","year":"1981","unstructured":"Peters, L.J.: Software Design: Methods and Techniques. Yourdon, New York (1981)"},{"key":"49_CR111","volume-title":"To engineer is human: the role of failure in successful design","author":"H Petroski","year":"1982","unstructured":"Petroski, H.: To Engineer is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful Design. St Martin\u2019s Press, New York (1982)"},{"key":"49_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petroski, H.: Design Paradigms: Case Histories of Error and Judgement in Engineering. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1994)","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511805073"},{"key":"49_CR113","unstructured":"Petroski, H.: Invention by Design; How Engineers Get from Thought to Thing. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1996)"},{"key":"49_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195107722.001.0001","volume-title":"Beyond engineering; how society shapes technology","author":"R Pool","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pool, R.: Beyond Engineering; How Society Shapes Technology. Oxford University Press, New York (1997)"},{"key":"49_CR115","unstructured":"Purcell, P.A., Mallen, G.L., Goumain, P.G.R.: A strategy for design research. In: Spillers, W.R. (ed.) Basic Questions of Design Theory. North-Holland, New York, pp. 75\u201393 (1974)"},{"key":"49_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rappaport, R.A.: Risk and the human environment. In: Kunreuther, H., Slovic, P. (eds) Challenges in Risk Assessment and Risk Management, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 545. American Academy of Political and Social Science, Thousand Oaks, pp. 64\u201374 (1996)","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716296545001007"},{"key":"49_CR117","volume-title":"Scientific knowledge and its social problems","author":"JR Ravetz","year":"1971","unstructured":"Ravetz, J.R.: Scientific Knowledge and its Social Problems. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1971)"},{"issue":"1","key":"49_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/136698798377321","volume":"1","author":"O Renn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Renn, O.: Three Decades of Risk Research: Accomplishments and New Challenges. J. Risk Res. 1(1), 49\u201371 (1998)","journal-title":"J Risk Res"},{"key":"49_CR119","unstructured":"Rittel, H.W.: On the planning crisis: systems analysis of the \u2018first and second generations\u2019. Bedriftsokonomen 8, 390\u2013396 (1972a)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"49_CR120","first-page":"16","volume":"26","author":"HW Rittel","year":"1972b","unstructured":"Rittel, H.W.: Some principles for the design of an educational system for design. J. Archit. Educ. 26(1\u20132), 16\u201326 (1972b)","journal-title":"J Archit Educ"},{"key":"49_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01405730","volume":"4","author":"HW Rittel","year":"1973","unstructured":"Rittel, H.W., Webber, M.M.: Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sci. 4, 155\u2013169 (1973)","journal-title":"Policy Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"49_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1080\/136698798377303","volume":"1","author":"EA Rosa","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rosa, E.A.: Metaphorical foundations for post-normal risk. J. Risk Res. 1(1), 15\u201344 (1998)","journal-title":"J Risk Res"},{"key":"49_CR123","volume-title":"Rational analysis for a problematic world","author":"J Rosenhead","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rosenhead, J.: Rational Analysis for a Problematic World. Wiley, Chichester (1989)"},{"key":"49_CR124","unstructured":"Rubinstein, R., Hersh, H.: The Human Factor: Designing Computer Systems for People. Digital, Burlington (1984)"},{"key":"49_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rzevski, G.: Prototypes versus pilot systems: strategies for evolutionary information systems development. In: Budde, R. et al. (eds) Approaches to Prototyping. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 356\u2013367 (1984)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69796-8_30"},{"key":"49_CR126","volume-title":"Educating the reflective practitioner: toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions","author":"DA Schon","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schon, D.A.: Educating the Reflective Practitioner: Toward a New Design for Teaching and Learning in the Professions. Jossey Bass, San Francisco (1987)"},{"key":"49_CR127","unstructured":"Silvers, R.B.: The Hidden Histories of Science. New York Review of Books, New York (1995)"},{"key":"49_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simon, H.A.: Administrative decision making. Public. Admin. Rev. 25, 31\u201337 (1965)","DOI":"10.2307\/974005"},{"key":"49_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(73)90011-8","volume":"4","author":"HA Simon","year":"1973","unstructured":"Simon, H.A.: The structure of ill structured problems. Artif. Intell. 4, 181\u2013201 (1973)","journal-title":"Artif Intell"},{"key":"49_CR130","unstructured":"Simon, H.A.: Rational decision making in business organisations. Am. Econ. Rev. 69, 493\u2013513 (1979)"},{"key":"49_CR131","volume-title":"Sciences of the artificial, 3rd edn","author":"HA Simon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Simon, H.A.: Sciences of the Artificial, 3rd edn. MIT, Cambridge (1996)"},{"key":"49_CR132","volume-title":"The two cultures and the scientific revolution","author":"CP Snow","year":"1959","unstructured":"Snow, C.P.: The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1959)"},{"key":"49_CR133","volume-title":"The two cultures: a second look","author":"CP Snow","year":"1963","unstructured":"Snow, C.P.: The Two Cultures: A Second Look. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1963)"},{"key":"49_CR134","volume-title":"The chaos frontier: creative strategic control for business","author":"RD Stacey","year":"1991","unstructured":"Stacey, R.D.: The Chaos Frontier: Creative Strategic Control for Business. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford (1991)"},{"key":"49_CR135","volume-title":"Managing chaos: dynamic business strategies in an unpredictable world","author":"RD Stacey","year":"1992","unstructured":"Stacey, R.D.: Managing Chaos: Dynamic Business Strategies in an Unpredictable World. Kogan Page, London (1992)"},{"key":"49_CR136","volume-title":"Systems engineering, coping with complexity","author":"R Stevens","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stevens, R. et al.: Systems Engineering, Coping with Complexity. Prentice-Hall, London (1998)"},{"key":"49_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.1986.43","volume":"37","author":"H Thomas","year":"1986","unstructured":"Thomas, H., Samson, D.: Subjective aspects of the art of decision analysis; exploring the role of decision analysis in decision structuring, decision support and policy dialogue. J. Oper. Res. Soc. 37, 249\u2013265 (1986)","journal-title":"J Oper Res Soc"},{"key":"49_CR138","volume-title":"Systems engineering, principles and practice of computer-based systems engineering","author":"B Thome","year":"1993","unstructured":"Thome, B.: Systems Engineering, Principles and Practice of Computer-based Systems Engineering. Wiley, Chichester (1993)"},{"issue":"8","key":"49_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1145\/310930.310984","volume":"42","author":"D Truex","year":"1999","unstructured":"Truex, D., Baskerville, R., Klein, H.: Growing systems in emergent organisations. Commun. ACM 42(8), 117\u2013123 (1999)","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"49_CR140","first-page":"53","volume":"10","author":"D Truex","year":"2000","unstructured":"Truex, D., Baskerville, R., Travis, J.: Amethodical systems development: the deferred meaning of systems development methods. Account Manag. Inf. Technol. 10, 53\u201379 (2000)","journal-title":"Account Manag Inf Technol"},{"key":"49_CR141","first-page":"45","volume-title":"Systems engineering, principles and practice of computer-based systems engineering","author":"C Tully","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tully, C.: System development activity. In: Thome, B. (eds) Systems Engineering, Principles and Practice of Computer-based Systems Engineering. Wiley, Chichester, pp. 45\u201380 (1993)"},{"key":"49_CR142","volume-title":"Engineering by design","author":"G Voland","year":"1999","unstructured":"Voland, G.: Engineering by Design. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1999)"},{"key":"49_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weinberg, A.M.: Science and trans-science. Minerva 10, 209\u2013222 (1972)","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01682418"},{"key":"49_CR144","unstructured":"Weinberg, A.M.: Science and its limits: the regulator\u2019s dilemma. Issues Sci. Technol. 2, 59\u201372 (1985)"},{"key":"49_CR145","volume-title":"Memory, thought and behaviour","author":"RW Weisberg","year":"1980","unstructured":"Weisberg, R.W.: Memory, Thought and Behaviour. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1980)"},{"key":"49_CR146","volume-title":"The philosophy of the inductive sciences","author":"W Whewell","year":"1840","unstructured":"Whewell, W.: The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences. J. W. Parker, London (1840)"},{"key":"49_CR147","volume-title":"Understanding computers and cognition: a new foundation for design","author":"T Winograd","year":"1986","unstructured":"Winograd, T., Flores, F.: Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1986)"},{"key":"49_CR148","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Risk analysis, assessment and management","author":"B Wynne","year":"1992a","unstructured":"Wynne, B.: Science and social responsibility. In: Ansell J, Wharton F (eds) Risk Analysis, Assessment and Management. Wiley, New York, pp. 137\u2013152 (1992a)"},{"key":"49_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-3780(92)90017-2","volume":"2","author":"B Wynne","year":"1992b","unstructured":"Wynne, B.: Uncertainty and environmental learning: reconceiving science and policy in the preventive paradigm. Glob. Environ. Change 2, 111\u2013127 (1992b)","journal-title":"Glob Environ Change"},{"key":"49_CR150","volume-title":"Management systems: a viable approach","author":"M Yolles","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yolles, M.: Management Systems: A Viable Approach. Pitman Publishing, London (1999)"},{"key":"49_CR151","volume-title":"The unnatural nature of science","author":"L Wolpert","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wolpert, L.: The Unnatural Nature of Science. Faber and Faber, London (1993)"}],"container-title":["Universal Access in the Information Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10209-006-0049-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10209-006-0049-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10209-006-0049-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T03:21:55Z","timestamp":1707189715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10209-006-0049-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,26]]},"references-count":151,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,19]]}},"alternative-id":["49"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10209-006-0049-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1615-5289","1615-5297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1615-5289","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-5297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,26]]}}}