{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T16:57:29Z","timestamp":1771865849060,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Univ Access Inf Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-022-00916-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T11:04:47Z","timestamp":1662980687000},"page":"1339-1351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Readability of Wikipedia pages on andrology and gynecology: comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3334-0848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Shumail","family":"Naveed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"916_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732307305199","volume":"17","author":"SD Lambert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lambert, S.D., Loiselle, C.G.: Health information-seeking behavior. Qual. Health Res. 17(8), 1006\u20131019 (2007)","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"916_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/15.3.259","volume":"15","author":"D Nutbeam","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nutbeam, D.: Health literacy as a public health goal: a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promot. Int. 15(3), 259\u2013267 (2000)","journal-title":"Health Promot. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"916_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12341","volume":"39","author":"C Cheng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheng, C., Dunn, M.: Health literacy and the Internet: a study on the readability of Australian online health information. Aust. N. Z. J. Public Health 39(4), 309\u2013314 (2015)","journal-title":"Aust. N. Z. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"916_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27324","volume":"33","author":"R Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim, R., Kim, H.J., Jeon, B.: The good, the bad, and the ugly of medical information on the internet. Mov. Disord. 33(5), 754\u2013757 (2018)","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"916_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e260","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8225","volume":"19","author":"A Watad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Watad, A., Bragazzi, N.L., Brigo, F., Sharif, K., Amital, H., McGonagle, D., et al.: Readability of Wikipedia pages on autoimmune disorders: systematic quantitative assessment. J. Med. Internet Res. 19(7), e260 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"916_CR6","unstructured":"of\u00a0the European\u00a0Communities C. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Enhancing Tourism\u2019s Potential for Employment: Follow-up to the Conclusions and Recommendations of the High Level Group on Tourism and Employment. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities (1999)"},{"key":"916_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jatowt, A., Tanaka, K.: Is Wikipedia too difficult? comparative analysis of readability of Wikipedia, simple Wikipedia and Britannica. In: Proceedings of the 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, pp. 2607\u20132610 (2012)","DOI":"10.1145\/2396761.2398703"},{"issue":"3","key":"916_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.4066\/AMJ.2012.86","volume":"5","author":"S Nasser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nasser, S., Mullan, J., Bajorek, B.: Assessing the quality, suitability and readability of internet-based health information about warfarin for patients. Australas. Med. J. 5(3), 194\u2013203 (2012)","journal-title":"Australas. Med. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"916_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2017.07.011","volume":"162","author":"AC Purdy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Purdy, A.C., Idriss, A., Ahern, S., Lin, E., Elfenbein, D.M.: Dr Google: the readability and accuracy of patient education websites for Graves\u2019 disease treatment. Surgery 162(5), 1148\u20131154 (2017)","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"916_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.02.002","volume":"182","author":"A Kecojevic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kecojevic, A., Basch, C., Garcia, P.: Readability analysis of online health information on preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Public Health 182, 53\u201355 (2020)","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"916_CR11","unstructured":"Eryilmaz, N., Kulahci, O.: Readability Levels of Skin Cancer Patient Information Texts\/Deri Kanseri Hasta Bilgilendirme Metinlerinin Okunabilirlik Duzeyleri. Dermatoz. 10(1) (2019)"},{"key":"916_CR12","unstructured":"Wikipedia: English Wikipedia. Accessed Nov. 27 (2021). https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/English_Wikipedia"},{"issue":"10","key":"916_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-019-02280-1","volume":"41","author":"DA London","year":"2019","unstructured":"London, D.A., Andelman, S.M., Christiano, A.V., Kim, J.H., Hausman, M.R., Kim, J.M.: Is Wikipedia a complete and accurate source for musculoskeletal anatomy? Surg. Radiol. Anat. 41(10), 1187\u20131192 (2019)","journal-title":"Surg. Radiol. Anat."},{"issue":"4","key":"916_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M3059","volume":"16","author":"MR Laurent","year":"2009","unstructured":"Laurent, M.R., Vickers, T.J.: Seeking health information online: does Wikipedia matter? J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 16(4), 471\u2013479 (2009)","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc."},{"issue":"11","key":"916_CR15","first-page":"1122","volume":"71","author":"T Shafee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shafee, T., Masukume, G., Kipersztok, L., Das, D., H\u00e4ggstr\u00f6m, M., Heilman, J.: Evolution of Wikipedia\u2019s medical content: past, present and future. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 71(11), 1122\u20131129 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"916_CR16","first-page":"168","volume":"46","author":"BD Weiss","year":"1998","unstructured":"Weiss, B.D.: Communicating with patients who have limited literacy skills: report of the National Work Group on Literacy and Health. J. Fam. Pract. 46(2), 168\u2013176 (1998)","journal-title":"J. Fam. Pract."},{"key":"916_CR17","volume-title":"Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion","author":"DA Kindig","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kindig, D.A., Panzer, A.M., Nielsen-Bohlman, L.: Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion. National Academies Press, Washington, DC (2004)"},{"issue":"1","key":"916_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.5195\/jmla.2021.1020","volume":"109","author":"S Valizadeh-Haghi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Valizadeh-Haghi, S., Khazaal, Y., Rahmatizadeh, S.: Health websites on COVID-19: are they readable and credible enough to help public self-care? J. Med. Libr. Assoc. 109(1), 75\u201383 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Med. Libr. Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"916_CR19","first-page":"154","volume":"6","author":"S Rahmatizadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rahmatizadeh, S., Valizadeh-Haghi, S.: The readability of online health information on Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease. J. Cell. Mol. Anesth. 6(2), 154\u2013163 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Anesth."},{"issue":"2","key":"916_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1080\/15398285.2020.1752028","volume":"24","author":"D Ethan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ethan, D., Meleo-Erwin, Z., Fera, J., Garcia, P., Basch, C.H.: Readability of online information on celiac disease: a brief report. J. Consum. Health Internet 24(2), 126\u201334 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Consum. Health Internet"},{"issue":"3","key":"916_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12450","DOI":"10.2196\/12450","volume":"21","author":"SS Weiner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weiner, S.S., Horbacewicz, J., Rasberry, L., Bensinger-Brody, Y.: Improving the quality of consumer health information on Wikipedia: case series. J. Med. Internet Res. 21(3), e12450 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"916_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-015-2077-5","volume":"36","author":"F Brigo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brigo, F., Erro, R.: The readability of the English Wikipedia article on Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurol. Sci. 36(6), 1045\u20131046 (2015)","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"916_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2009.04.008","volume":"78","author":"B Hughes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hughes, B., Joshi, I., Lemonde, H., Wareham, J.: Junior physician\u2019s use of Web 2.0 for information seeking and medical education: a qualitative study. Int. J. Med. Inform. 78(10), 645\u2013655 (2009)","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inform."},{"key":"916_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"2021","author":"SJ Handler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Handler, S.J., Eckhardt, S.E., Takashima, Y., Jackson, A.M., Truong, C., Yazdany, T.: Readability and quality of Wikipedia articles on pelvic floor disorders. Int. Urogynecol. J. 2021, 1\u201310 (2021)","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"916_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/ase.1910","volume":"13","author":"A Suwannakhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suwannakhan, A., Casanova-Mart\u00ednez, D., Yurasakpong, L., Montriwat, P., Meemon, K., Limpanuparb, T.: The quality and readability of English Wikipedia anatomy articles. Anat. Sci. Educ. 13(4), 475\u2013487 (2020)","journal-title":"Anat. Sci. Educ."},{"issue":"1","key":"916_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18076","DOI":"10.2196\/18076","volume":"6","author":"M Yacob","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yacob, M., Lotfi, S., Tang, S., Jetty, P.: Wikipedia in vascular surgery medical education: comparative study. JMIR Med. Educ. 6(1), e18076 (2020)","journal-title":"JMIR Med. Educ."},{"issue":"1","key":"916_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15347\/wjm\/2019.007","volume":"6","author":"A Brezar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brezar, A., Heilman, J.: Readability of English Wikipedia\u2019s health information over time. Wiki J. Med. 6(1), 1\u20136 (2019)","journal-title":"Wiki J. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"916_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/15398285.2018.1542251","volume":"22","author":"A Simpson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simpson, A., Le, M., Malicka, A.N.: The accuracy and readability of Wikipedia articles on hearing loss. J. Consum. Health Internet 22(4), 323\u2013336 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Consum. Health Internet"},{"issue":"2","key":"916_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2016.12.063","volume":"57","author":"DM Candelario","year":"2017","unstructured":"Candelario, D.M., Vazquez, V., Jackson, W., Reilly, T.: Completeness, accuracy, and readability of Wikipedia as a reference for patient medication information. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 57(2), 197\u2013200 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Am. Pharm. Assoc."},{"key":"916_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.01.021","volume":"166","author":"O Modiri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Modiri, O., Guha, D., Alotaibi, N.M., Ibrahim, G.M., Lipsman, N., Fallah, A.: Readability and quality of Wikipedia pages on neurosurgical topics. Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 166, 66\u201370 (2018)","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"issue":"1","key":"916_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00110.2014","volume":"39","author":"SA Azer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Azer, S.A.: Is Wikipedia a reliable learning resource for medical students? Evaluating respiratory topics. Adv. Physiol. Educ. 39(1), 5\u201314 (2015)","journal-title":"Adv. Physiol. Educ."},{"issue":"10","key":"916_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e008187","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008187","volume":"5","author":"SA Azer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Azer, S.A., AlSwaidan, N.M., Alshwairikh, L.A., AlShammari, J.M.: Accuracy and readability of cardiovascular entries on Wikipedia: are they reliable learning resources for medical students? BMJ Open 5(10), e008187 (2015)","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"916_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1331\/JAPhA.2014.13181","volume":"54","author":"J Phillips","year":"2014","unstructured":"Phillips, J., Lam, C., Palmisano, L.: Analysis of the accuracy and readability of herbal supplement information on Wikipedia. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 54(4), 406\u2013414 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Am. Pharm. Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"916_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-3991(91)90017-Y","volume":"17","author":"CD Meade","year":"1991","unstructured":"Meade, C.D., Smith, C.F.: Readability formulas: cautions and criteria. Patient Educ. Couns. 17(2), 153\u2013158 (1991)","journal-title":"Patient Educ. Couns."},{"issue":"6","key":"916_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2013.11.017","volume":"23","author":"N Sharma","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sharma, N., Tridimas, A., Fitzsimmons, P.R.: A readability assessment of online stroke information. J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis. 23(6), 1362\u20131367 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"916_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2012.05.009","volume":"9","author":"LW Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, L.W., Miller, M.J., Schmitt, M.R., Wen, F.K.: Assessing readability formula differences with written health information materials: application, results, and recommendations. Res. Social Adm. Pharm. 9(5), 503\u2013516 (2013)","journal-title":"Res. Social Adm. Pharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"916_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4314\/laligens.v8i2.12","volume":"8","author":"WK Gyasi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gyasi, W.K.: Readability of HIV\/AIDS information manuals in Ghana. AFRREV LALIGENS Int. J. Lang. Lit. Gender Stud. 8(2), 123\u2013138 (2019)","journal-title":"AFRREV LALIGENS Int. J. Lang. Lit. Gender Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"916_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/19325037.2008.10599016","volume":"39","author":"AS Hedman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hedman, A.S.: Using the SMOG formula to revise a health-related document. Am. J. Health Educ. 39(1), 61\u201364 (2008)","journal-title":"Am. J. Health Educ."},{"key":"916_CR39","unstructured":"Readability testing in cancer communication (Washington, DC, Department of Health Education and Welfare) (DHEW Publication Number (NIH) 79-1689. National Cancer Institute (1979)"},{"issue":"1","key":"916_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/13548509608400003","volume":"1","author":"P Ley","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ley, P., Florio, T.: The use of readability formulas in health care. Psychol. Health Med. 1(1), 7\u201328 (1996)","journal-title":"Psychol. Health Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"916_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2005.01.013","volume":"19","author":"MC Freda","year":"2005","unstructured":"Freda, M.C.: The readability of American Academy of Pediatrics patient education brochures. J. Pediatr. Health Care 19(3), 151\u2013156 (2005)","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Health Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"916_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1521\/scpq.20.1.1.64193","volume":"20","author":"SP Ardoin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ardoin, S.P., Suldo, S.M., Witt, J., Aldrich, S., McDonald, E.: Accuracy of readability estimates\u2019 predictions of CBM performance. Sch. Psychol. Q. 20(1), 1 (2005)","journal-title":"Sch. Psychol. Q."},{"issue":"4","key":"916_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.4997\/JRCPE.2010.401","volume":"40","author":"PR Fitzsimmons","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fitzsimmons, P.R., Michael, B., Hulley, J.L., Scott, G.O.: A readability assessment of online Parkinson\u2019s disease information. J. R. Coll. Physicians Edinb. 40(4), 292\u2013296 (2010)","journal-title":"J. R. Coll. Physicians Edinb."},{"issue":"2","key":"916_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12940","volume":"57","author":"SU Kubik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kubik, S.U., Martin, P.R.: The Headache Triggers Sensitivity and Avoidance Questionnaire: Establishing the psychometric properties of the questionnaire. Headache 57(2), 236\u2013254 (2017)","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"916_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfludis.2020.105824","volume":"67","author":"RI Zraick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zraick, R.I., Azios, M., Handley, M.M., Bellon-Harn, M.L., Manchaiah, V.: Quality and readability of internet information about stuttering. J. Fluency Disord. 67, 105824 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Fluency Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"916_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.17441","volume":"92","author":"CB Patel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patel, C.B., Kerr, N., Ahmadi, O., Muthu, T.: Evaluation of readability and reliability of online patient information for intracranial aneurysms. ANZ J. Surg. 92(4), 843\u2013847 (2022)","journal-title":"ANZ J. Surg."}],"container-title":["Universal Access in the Information Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10209-022-00916-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10209-022-00916-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10209-022-00916-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T10:04:08Z","timestamp":1697537048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10209-022-00916-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["916"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10209-022-00916-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1615-5289","1615-5297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1615-5289","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-5297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 August 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}