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Virtual Learning Environments have improved in recent years thanks to new technologies such as Virtual Reality or Chatbots. However, creating Virtual Learning Environments requires advanced programming knowledge, so this work is aimed to enable teachers to create these new environments easily. This work presents a set of extensions for App Inventor that facilitate the authoring of mobile learning apps that use Chatbots in a Virtual Reality environment, while simultaneously monitoring of student activity. This proposal is based on integrating block-based languages and Business Process Model and Notation diagrams. The developed extensions were successfully implemented in an educational app called <jats:italic>Let\u2019s date!<\/jats:italic>. A quantitative analysis of the use of these extensions in App Inventor was also carried out, resulting in a significant reduction in the number of blocks required. The proposed contribution has demonstrated its validity in creating virtual learning environments through visual programming and modelling, reducing development complexity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-022-00934-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T12:04:52Z","timestamp":1666267492000},"page":"227-244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Visual authoring of virtual reality conversational scenarios for e-learning"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Rub\u00e9n","family":"Baena-Perez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9012-700X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Ruiz-Rube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel","family":"Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Berns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Balderas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"934_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2017.03.007","volume":"36","author":"T Aluja-Banet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aluja-Banet, T., Sancho, M.R., Vukic, I.: Measuring motivation from the virtual learning environment in secondary education. 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