{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T03:22:16Z","timestamp":1785381736958,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Univ Access Inf Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-022-00959-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T08:03:20Z","timestamp":1670918600000},"page":"765-777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Accessibility landmarks identification in web applications based on DOM elements classification"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Willian M.","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"de Lemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene Willian","family":"Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"959_CR1","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization: ISO\/IEC 25010: Systems and software engineering-systems and Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE). System and software quality models Geneva (2011)"},{"key":"959_CR2","unstructured":"W3C: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1. W3C Recommendation (2018). https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/WCAG21\/"},{"key":"959_CR3","unstructured":"W3C: Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.1. W3C Recommendation (2017). http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/wai-aria\/"},{"key":"959_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-9939-8_35","volume-title":"Advances in Computing and Data Sciences","author":"G Agrawal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agrawal, G., Kumar, D., Singh, M., Dani, D.: Evaluating accessibility and usability of airline websites. In: Singh, M., Gupta, P.K., Tyagi, V., Flusser, J., \u00d6ren, T., Kashyap, R. (eds.) Advances in Computing and Data Sciences, pp. 392\u2013402. Springer, Singapore (2019)"},{"issue":"3","key":"959_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTP.2021.118666","volume":"11","author":"P Teixeira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Teixeira, P., Eus\u00e9bio, C., Teixeira, L.: Website accessibility in the hospitality industry: a study in the central region of Portugal. Int. J. Tour. Policy 11(3), 222\u2013246 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJTP.2021.118666","journal-title":"Int. J. Tour. Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"959_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-019-00702-w","volume":"20","author":"C M\u00e1\u00f1ez-Carvajal","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00e1\u00f1ez-Carvajal, C., Cervera-M\u00e9rida, J.F., Fern\u00e1ndez-Piqueras, R.: Web accessibility evaluation of top-ranking university web sites in Spain, Chile and Mexico. Univers. Access Inf. Soc. 20(1), 179\u2013184 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10209-019-00702-w","journal-title":"Univers. Access Inf. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"959_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-020-00788-7","volume":"21","author":"N Alajarmeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alajarmeh, N.: Evaluating the accessibility of public health websites: an exploratory cross-country study. Univers. Access Inf. Soc. 21(3), 771\u2013789 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10209-020-00788-7","journal-title":"Univers. Access Inf. Soc."},{"key":"959_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-022-00886-8","author":"\u015eS Macako\u011flu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Macako\u011flu, \u015eS., Peker, S.: Accessibility evaluation of university hospital websites in turkey. Univers. Access Inf. Soc. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10209-022-00886-8","journal-title":"Univers. Access Inf. Soc."},{"key":"959_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-022-00896-6","author":"MK Mohammadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohammadi, M.K., Esichaikul, V., Mohammadi, A.: Accessibility and usability evaluation of university websites in afghanistan: a comparison between public and private universities. Univers. Access Inf. Soc. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10209-022-00896-6","journal-title":"Univers. Access Inf. Soc."},{"key":"959_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Antonelli, H.L., Rodrigues, S.S., Watanabe, W.M., de Mattos\u00a0Fortes, R.P.: A survey on accessibility awareness of brazilian web developers. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-Exclusion. DSAI 2018, pp. 71\u201379. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3218585.3218598","DOI":"10.1145\/3218585.3218598"},{"key":"959_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2021.110942","volume":"177","author":"MVR Leite","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leite, M.V.R., Scatalon, L.P., Freire, A.P., Eler, M.M.: Accessibility in the mobile development industry in Brazil: awareness, knowledge, adoption, motivations and barriers. J. Syst. Softw. 177, 110942 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2021.110942","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"issue":"1","key":"959_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1145\/2435215.2435217","volume":"7","author":"VL Hanson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hanson, V.L., Richards, J.T.: Progress on website accessibility? ACM Trans. Web 7(1), 2\u20131230 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2435215.2435217","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Web"},{"key":"959_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503508","author":"T Bi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bi, T., Xia, X., Lo, D., Grundy, J., Zimmermann, T., Ford, D.: Accessibility in software practice: a practitioner\u2019s perspective. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3503508","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol."},{"key":"959_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Watanabe, W.M., de Lemos, G., Antonelli, H.L., de Mattos\u00a0Fortes, R.P., Silva, G.C.: Code complexity impact of widgets accessibility implementation in javascript open-source libraries. In: Proceedings of the Brazilian Symposium on Multimedia and the Web. WebMedia \u201921, pp. 9\u201316. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3470482.3479613","DOI":"10.1145\/3470482.3479613"},{"key":"959_CR15","unstructured":"W3C: WAI-ARIA Authoring Practices 1.1. W3C Group Note (2022). https:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/wai-aria-practices-1.1"},{"key":"959_CR16","unstructured":"WHATWG: HTML. WHATWG Living Standard (2022). https:\/\/html.spec.whatwg.org\/multipage\/"},{"key":"959_CR17","unstructured":"WHATWG: DOM. WHATWG Living Standard (2022). https:\/\/dom.spec.whatwg.org\/"},{"key":"959_CR18","unstructured":"WebAIM\u2014Web Accessibility in Mind: Screen Reader User Survey #9 Results. WebAIM (2021). https:\/\/webaim.org\/projects\/screenreadersurvey9\/"},{"key":"959_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Watanabe, W.M., Geraldo, R.J., Fortes, R.P.d.M.: Keyboard navigation mechanisms in tab widgets: An investigation on ARIA\u2019s conformance. In: Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. SAC \u201914, 721\u2013726. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2554850.2554947","DOI":"10.1145\/2554850.2554947"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"959_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.5555\/2871254.2871258","volume":"14","author":"WM Watanabe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Watanabe, W.M., Geraldo, R.J., De Mattos Fortes, R.P.: Keyboard navigation mechanisms in widgets: An investigation on aria\u2019s implementations. J. Web Eng. 14(1\u20132), 41\u201362 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5555\/2871254.2871258","journal-title":"J. Web Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"959_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1145\/2812812","volume":"9","author":"WM Watanabe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Watanabe, W.M., Dias, A.L., Fortes, R.P.D.M.: Fona: quantitative metric to measure focus navigation on rich internet applications. ACM Trans. Web 9(4), 20\u201312028 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2812812","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Web"},{"issue":"1","key":"959_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-015-0437-9","volume":"16","author":"WM Watanabe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Watanabe, W.M., Fortes, R.P., Dias, A.L.: Acceptance tests for validating aria requirements in widgets. Univers. Access Inf. Soc. 16(1), 3\u201327 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10209-015-0437-9","journal-title":"Univers. Access Inf. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"959_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11280-012-0156-6","volume":"16","author":"A Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, A., Harper, S., Lunn, D., Brown, A.: Widget identification: a high-level approach to accessibility. World Wide Web 16(1), 73\u201389 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11280-012-0156-6","journal-title":"World Wide Web"},{"key":"959_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Melnyk, V., Ashok, V., Puzis, Y., Soviak, A., Borodin, Y., Ramakrishnan, I.V.: Widget Classification with Applications to Web Accessibility, 341\u2013358. Springer, Cham (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-08245-5_20","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08245-5_20"},{"key":"959_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3178854","author":"HL Antonelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Antonelli, H.L., Igawa, R.A., Fortes, R.P.D.M., Rizo, E.H., Watanabe, W.M.: Drop-down menu widget identification using html structure changes classification. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3178854","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Access. Comput."},{"key":"959_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rizo, E.H., de Mattos\u00a0Fortes, R.P., Antonelli, H.L., Watanabe, W.M.: Automatic identification of widgets and their subcomponents based on a classification pipeline for dom mutation records. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Web for All Conference. W4A \u201919. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3315002.3317555","DOI":"10.1145\/3315002.3317555"},{"key":"959_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aydin, A.S., Feiz, S., Ashok, V., Ramakrishnan, I.: Sail: Saliency-driven injection of aria landmarks. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. IUI \u201920, 111\u2013115. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3377325.3377540","DOI":"10.1145\/3377325.3377540"},{"key":"959_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fernandes, N., Lopes, R., Carri\u00e7o, L.: On web accessibility evaluation environments. In: Proceedings of the International Cross-Disciplinary Conference on Web Accessibility. W4A \u201911, 4\u20131410. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1969289.1969295","DOI":"10.1145\/1969289.1969295"},{"key":"959_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silva, J.S.R., Freire, A.P., Cardoso, P.C.F.: When headers are not there: Design and user evaluation of an automatic topicalisation and labelling tool to aid the exploration of web documents by blind users. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Web for All Conference. W4A \u201922. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3493612.3520470","DOI":"10.1145\/3493612.3520470"},{"issue":"1","key":"959_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022643204877","volume":"1","author":"JR Quinlan","year":"1986","unstructured":"Quinlan, J.R.: Induction of decision trees. Mach. Learn. 1(1), 81\u2013106 (1986). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1022643204877","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"959_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rokach, L., Maimon, O.: 9. Decision Trees, Springer, Boston, MA 165\u2013192 (2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/0-387-25465-X_9","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-25465-X_9"},{"issue":"1","key":"959_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman, L.: Random forests. Mach. Learn. 45(1), 5\u201332 (2001). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1010933404324","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"issue":"1","key":"959_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2017.02.016","volume":"394\u2013395","author":"Y Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Bi, J.-W., Fan, Z.-P.: A method for multi-class sentiment classification based on an improved one-vs-one (ovo) strategy and the support vector machine (svm) algorithm. Inf. Sci. 394\u2013395(1), 38\u201352 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2017.02.016","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"959_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2016.07.047","volume":"370\u2013371","author":"S Yin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yin, S., Yin, J.: Tuning kernel parameters for SVM based on expected square distance ratio. Inf. Sci. 370\u2013371(1), 92\u2013102 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2016.07.047","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"959_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1967.1053964","volume":"13","author":"T Cover","year":"1967","unstructured":"Cover, T., Hart, P.: Nearest neighbor pattern classification. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 13(1), 21\u201327 (1967). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIT.1967.1053964","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"issue":"1","key":"959_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2010.16061","volume":"2","author":"DMW Powers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Powers, D.M.W.: Evaluation: from precision, recall and f-measure to roc, informedness, markedness and correlation. J. Mach. Learn. Technol. 2(1), 37\u201363 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.2010.16061","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"959_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.6029\/smartcr.2014.03.007","volume":"4","author":"V Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Minz, S.: Feature selection: a literature review. Smart Comput. Rev. 4(3), 211\u2013229 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6029\/smartcr.2014.03.007","journal-title":"Smart Comput. Rev."},{"key":"959_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Watanabe, W.M.: watinha\/aria-landmarks-identification: v1.0. Zenodo (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.6803930","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.6803930"},{"key":"959_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Watanabe, W.M.: ARIA\u2014Accessible Rich Internet Applications Landmarks classified dataset. Zenodo (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.6803921","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.6803921"}],"container-title":["Universal Access in the Information Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10209-022-00959-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10209-022-00959-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10209-022-00959-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T13:05:08Z","timestamp":1716901508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10209-022-00959-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10209-022-00959-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1615-5289","1615-5297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1615-5289","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-5297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 November 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights"}}]}}