{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T05:03:21Z","timestamp":1780117401726,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004593","name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Univ Access Inf Soc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Difficulties in understanding facial emotions are common among individuals with ASD. Learning plays a vital role in improving emotional understanding. Although many technology-based designs for facial-emotion learning exist, prior work has mainly focused on novel technology creativity in research settings, with limited attention to real-world use, experience, and expectations for the technologies and materials. To address this gap, this study uses surveys and interviews to investigate (1) the challenges autistic individuals face in recognizing facial emotions, and (2) their use, perceptions, and design expectations for technology-based facial-emotion learning and materials. The results showed: (1) attentional patterns and challenges in recognizing facial emotions, as well as autonomous and positive coping responses; (2) limited use of facial-emotion technologies and a lack of awareness about the effectiveness of such materials; (3) technology offers convenience, comfort, and engagement but also presents cognitive, visual, and multisensory limits; (4) facial-emotion materials create challenges in understanding, arousal, and preferences shaped by individual differences. Finally, we propose design recommendations to guide future work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-026-01339-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T05:59:43Z","timestamp":1776837583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["When faces trigger feelings: multi-stakeholder experiences, use, and expectations of facial-emotion learning technologies and materials for autistic people"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yaojie","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s Araya","family":"Quintar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Germ\u00e1n","family":"Montoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1339_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-020-00895-y","volume":"43","author":"S Farashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farashi, S., Khosrowabadi, R.: Eeg based emotion recognition using minimum spanning tree. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med. 43(3), 985\u2013996 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13246-020-00895-y","journal-title":"Phys. Eng. Sci. Med."},{"key":"1339_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9781585629992","volume-title":"DSM-5\u00ae Handbook of Differential Diagnosis","author":"MB First","year":"2013","unstructured":"First, M.B.: DSM-5\u00ae Handbook of Differential Diagnosis. American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, VA (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9781585629992"},{"key":"1339_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-021-00818-y","volume":"21","author":"JM Garcia-Garcia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garcia-Garcia, J.M., Penichet, V.M.R., Lozano, M.D., Fernando, A.: Using emotion recognition technologies to teach children with autism spectrum disorder how to identify and express emotions. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 21, 809\u2013825 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10209-021-00818-y","journal-title":"Univ. Access Inf. Soc."},{"key":"1339_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chung, C.-H., Chen, C.-H.: Augmented reality based social stories training system for promoting the social skills of children with autism. In: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, pp. 495\u2013505 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-41685-4_44","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41685-4_44"},{"issue":"4","key":"1339_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1177\/0162643419888765","volume":"35","author":"P Ghanouni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghanouni, P., Jarus, T., Zwicker, J.G., Lucyshyn, J.: The use of technologies among individuals with autism spectrum disorders: Barriers and challenges. J. Spec. Educ. Technol. 35(4), 286\u2013294 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0162643419888765","journal-title":"J. Spec. Educ. Technol."},{"key":"1339_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harrold, N., Tan, C.T., Rosser, D.: Towards an expression recognition game to assist the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorders. In: Proceedings of the Workshop at SIGGRAPH Asia on WASA \u201912 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2425296.2425302","DOI":"10.1145\/2425296.2425302"},{"issue":"4","key":"1339_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"Y Lyu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lyu, Y., Liu, D., An, P., Tong, X., Zhang, H., Katsuragawa, K., Zhao, J.: Emooly: Supporting autistic children in collaborative social-emotional learning with caregiver participation through interactive ai-infused and ar activities. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 8(4), 1\u201336 (2024)","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."},{"key":"1339_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez, J.L., M\u00e1rquez, A., S\u00e1nchez-Carracedo, F., Garc\u00eda, J.: The potential of augmented reality for teaching children with autism. In: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), pp. 359\u2013364 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EDUCON.2014.6826118","DOI":"10.1109\/EDUCON.2014.6826118"},{"issue":"3","key":"1339_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3342285","volume":"12","author":"C Putnam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Putnam, C., Hanschke, C., Todd, J., Gemmell, J., Kollia, M.: Interactive technologies designed for children with autism. ACM Trans. Access. Comput. 12(3), 1\u201337 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3342285","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Access. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"1339_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3130977","volume":"1","author":"P Washington","year":"2017","unstructured":"Washington, P., Voss, C., Kline, A., Haber, N., Daniels, J., Fazel, A., De, T., Feinstein, C., Winograd, T., Wall, D.: Superpowerglass. Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol. 1(3), 1\u201322 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3130977","journal-title":"Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol."},{"key":"1339_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dollion, N., Grandgeorge, M., Saint-Amour, D., Hosein Poitras\u00a0Loewen, A., Fran\u00e7ois, N., Fontaine, N.M.G., Champagne, N., Plusquellec, P.: Emotion facial processing in children with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study of the impact of service dogs. Front. Psychol. 13 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.869452","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.869452"},{"issue":"1","key":"1339_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1866-1955-6-35","volume":"6","author":"BA Corbett","year":"2014","unstructured":"Corbett, B.A., Newsom, C., Key, A.P., Qualls, L.R., Edmiston, E.K.: Examining the relationship between face processing and social interaction behavior in children with and without autism spectrum disorder. J. Neurodev. Disord. 6(1), 35 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1866-1955-6-35","journal-title":"J. Neurodev. Disord."},{"key":"1339_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3389\/fnint.2012.00113","volume":"6","author":"SB Gaigg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gaigg, S.B.: The interplay between emotion and cognition in autism spectrum disorder: Implications for developmental theory. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 6, 113 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnint.2012.00113","journal-title":"Front. Integr. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"1339_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1249-2","volume":"42","author":"JP Stichter","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stichter, J.P., O\u2019Connor, K.V., Herzog, M.J., Lierheimer, K., McGhee, S.D.: Social competence intervention for elementary students with aspergers syndrome and high functioning autism. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 42(3), 354\u2013366 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-011-1249-2","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"1339_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-021-05392-z","volume":"53","author":"L Gillies-Walker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gillies-Walker, L., Ramzan, N., Rankin, J., Nimbley, E., Gillespie-Smith, K.: you feel like you kind of walk between the two worlds: A participatory study exploring how technology can support emotion regulation for autistic people. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 53(1), 216\u2013228 (2023)","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"1339_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, Y., Chen, L., Chen, Z., Chen, W., Cai, Y., Du, Y., others, Sun, L.: Emoeden: Applying generative artificial intelligence to emotional learning for children with high-function autism. In: Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1\u201320 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3613904.3642899"},{"key":"1339_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.678052","volume":"12","author":"F Lecciso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lecciso, F., Levante, A., Fabio, R.A., Capr\u00ec, T., Leo, M., Carcagn\u00ec, P., Petrocchi, S.: Emotional expression in children with asd: A pre-study on a two-group pre-post-test design comparing robot-based and computer-based training. Front. Psychol. 12, 678052 (2021)","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"1339_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2024.3475741","volume":"17","author":"Y Chinchay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chinchay, Y., Collazos, C.A., Gomez, J., Montoro, G.: Designing learning technologies: Assessing attention in children with autism through a single case study. IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol. 17, 2118\u20132128 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TLT.2024.3475741","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol."},{"key":"1339_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00224","volume":"4","author":"K Markram","year":"2010","unstructured":"Markram, K., Markram, H.: The intense world theory-a unifying theory of the neurobiology of autism. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 4, 224 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00224","journal-title":"Front. Hum. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"1339_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3109\/17518423.2011.651655","volume":"15","author":"S Ramdoss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ramdoss, S., Machalicek, W., Rispoli, M., Mulloy, A., Lang, R., O\u2019Reilly, M.: Computer-based interventions to improve social and emotional skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Dev. Neurorehabil. 15(2), 119\u2013135 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17518423.2011.651655","journal-title":"Dev. Neurorehabil."},{"issue":"3","key":"1339_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2012.01.007","volume":"6","author":"T Cardon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cardon, T., Azuma, T.: Visual attending preferences in children with autism spectrum disorders: A comparison between live and video presentation modes. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 6(3), 1061\u20131067 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2012.01.007","journal-title":"Res. Autism Spectr. Disord."},{"key":"1339_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118665","DOI":"10.3389\/frcha.2023.1118665","volume":"2","author":"AM Al-Saadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Saadi, A.M., Al-Thani, D.: Mobile application to identify and recognize emotions for children with autism: A systematic review. Front. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 2, 1118665 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frcha.2023.1118665","journal-title":"Front. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1339_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2024.103942","volume":"121","author":"C Poglitsch","year":"2024","unstructured":"Poglitsch, C., Safikhani, S., List, E., Pirker, J.: Xr technologies to enhance the emotional skills of people with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Comput. Graph. 121, 103942 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cag.2024.103942","journal-title":"Comput. Graph."},{"key":"1339_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nijeweme-d\u2019Hollosy, W.O., Notenboom, T., Banos, O.: A study on the perceptions of autistic adolescents towards mainstream emotion recognition technologies. In: Proceedings, vol. 2, p. 1200. MDPI, Basel, Switzerland (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/proceedings2191200","DOI":"10.3390\/proceedings2191200"},{"key":"1339_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Zohar, O., Yeung-Levy, S.: VideoAgent: Long-form Video Understanding with Large Language Model as Agent (2024). https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2403.10517","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72989-8_4"},{"issue":"2","key":"1339_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijme.2023.100790","volume":"21","author":"WM Lim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lim, W.M., Gunasekara, A., Pallant, J.L., Pallant, J.I., Pechenkina, E.: Generative ai and the future of education: Ragnar\u00f6k or reformation? a paradoxical perspective from management educators. Int. J. Manag. Educ. 21(2), 100790 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijme.2023.100790","journal-title":"Int. J. Manag. Educ."},{"key":"1339_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garcia-Garcia, J.M., Penichet, V.M.R., Lozano, M.D., Fernando, A.: Using emotion recognition technologies to teach children with autism spectrum disorder how to identify and express emotions. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 21 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10209-021-00818-y","DOI":"10.1007\/s10209-021-00818-y"},{"key":"1339_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2023.103032","volume":"175","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, J., Zheng, Z., Chai, Y., Li, X., Wei, X.: Faceme: An agent-based social game using augmented reality for the emotional development of children with autism spectrum disorder. Int. J. Hum Comput Stud. 175, 103032 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2023.103032","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum Comput Stud."},{"issue":"3","key":"1339_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/nhs.12048","volume":"15","author":"M Vaismoradi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H., Bondas, T.: Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study. Nurs. Health Sci. 15(3), 398\u2013405 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nhs.12048","journal-title":"Nurs. Health Sci."},{"key":"1339_CR30","volume-title":"Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development","author":"RE Boyatzis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Boyatzis, R.E.: Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA (1998)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1339_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1037\/qup0000189","volume":"9","author":"OC Robinson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Robinson, O.C.: Conducting thematic analysis on brief texts: The structured tabular approach. Qual. Psychol. 9(2), 194\u2013208 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/qup0000189","journal-title":"Qual. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"1339_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.29115\/SP-2021-0008","volume":"14","author":"J Rouder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rouder, J., Saucier, O., Kinder, R., Jans, M.: What to do with all those open-ended responses? data visualization techniques for survey researchers. Surv. Pract. 14(1), 1\u20139 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29115\/SP-2021-0008","journal-title":"Surv. Pract."},{"issue":"6","key":"1339_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.29115\/SP-2021-0008","volume":"26","author":"KA Campbell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Campbell, K.A., Orr, E., Durepos, P., Nguyen, L., Li, L., Whitmore, C., Jack, S.M.: Reflexive thematic analysis for applied qualitative health research. Qual. Rep. 26(6), 2011\u20132028 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.29115\/SP-2021-0008","journal-title":"Qual. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"1339_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-021-01182-y","volume":"56","author":"D Byrne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Byrne, D.: A worked example of Braun and Clarke\u2019s approach to reflexive thematic analysis. Qual. Quant. 56(1), 1391\u20131412 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11135-021-01182-y","journal-title":"Qual. Quant."},{"key":"1339_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.05.041","volume":"75","author":"A Constantin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Constantin, A., Johnson, H., Smith, E., Lengyel, D., Brosnan, M.: Designing computer-based rewards with and for children with autism spectrum disorder and\/or intellectual disability. Comput. Hum. Behav. 75, 404\u2013414 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2017.05.041","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"1339_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zolyomi, A., Begel, A., Waldern, J.F., Tang, J., Barnett, M., Cutrell, E., McDuff, D., Andrist, S., Morris, M.R.: Managing stress. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3(CSCW), 1\u201329 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3359236","DOI":"10.1145\/3359236"},{"issue":"1","key":"1339_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030773","volume":"127","author":"E Herrmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Herrmann, E., Keupp, S., Hare, B., Vaish, A., Tomasello, M.: Direct and indirect reputation formation in nonhuman great apes (pan Paniscus, pan troglodytes, gorilla gorilla, pongo pygmaeus) and human children (homo sapiens). J. Comp. Psychol. 127(1), 63\u201375 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0030773","journal-title":"J. Comp. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"1339_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02328.x","volume":"52","author":"CRG Jones","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jones, C.R.G., Pickles, A., Falcaro, M., Marsden, A.J.S., Happ\u00e9, F., Scott, S.K., Sauter, D., Tregay, J., Phillips, R.J., Baird, G., Simonoff, E., Charman, T.: A multimodal approach to emotion recognition ability in autism spectrum disorders. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 52(3), 275\u2013285 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02328.x","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"1339_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcci.2016.10.007","volume":"11","author":"K Spiel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Spiel, K., Frauenberger, C., Fitzpatrick, G.: Experiences of autistic children with technologies. Int. J. Child Comput. Interact. 11, 50\u201361 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcci.2016.10.007","journal-title":"Int. J. Child Comput. Interact."},{"issue":"2","key":"1339_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/003435520104400205","volume":"44","author":"MF Olney","year":"2001","unstructured":"Olney, M.F.: Communication strategies of adults with severe disabilities. Rehabil. Couns. Bull. 44(2), 87\u201394 (2001). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003435520104400205","journal-title":"Rehabil. Couns. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"1339_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1177\/1362361314520756","volume":"19","author":"AV Kirby","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kirby, A.V., Dickie, V.A., Baranek, G.T.: Sensory experiences of children with autism spectrum disorder: In their own words. Autism 19(3), 316\u2013326 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1362361314520756","journal-title":"Autism"},{"key":"1339_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bedi, K.: Tablet pc & smartphone uses in education (tablettours). In: 2014 37th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), pp. 940\u2013945 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MIPRO.2014.6859703","DOI":"10.1109\/MIPRO.2014.6859703"},{"issue":"1","key":"1339_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anr.2019.01.005","volume":"13","author":"J-H Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, J.-H., Park, H.-A.: Effects of smartphone-based mobile learning in nursing education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Nurs. Res. 13(1), 20\u201329 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anr.2019.01.005","journal-title":"Asian Nurs. Res."},{"key":"1339_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ardiny, H., Khanmirza, E.: The role of ar and vr technologies in education developments: Opportunities and challenges. In: 2018 6th International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ICRoM), pp. 1\u20136 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICRoM.2018.8657615","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRoM.2018.8657615"},{"issue":"1","key":"1339_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.18785\/jetde.0401.10","volume":"4","author":"SC-Y Yuen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yuen, S.C.-Y., Yaoyuneyong, G., Johnson, E.: Augmented reality: An overview and five directions for ar in education. J. Educ. Technol. Dev. Exch. 4(1), 11 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18785\/jetde.0401.10","journal-title":"J. Educ. Technol. Dev. Exch."},{"key":"1339_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1979.tb00518.x","volume":"20","author":"D Fein","year":"1979","unstructured":"Fein, D., Tinder, P., Waterhouse, L.: Stimulus generalization in autistic and normal children. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 20, 325\u2013335 (1979)","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"1339_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-015-2380-2","volume":"45","author":"LM Rice","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rice, L.M., Wall, C.A., Fogel, A., Shic, F.: Computer-assisted face processing instruction improves emotion recognition, mentalizing, and social skills in students with asd. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 45(7), 2176\u20132186 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-015-2380-2","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"1339_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5717","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-021-10552-w","volume":"26","author":"MC Pino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pino, M.C., Vagnetti, R., Valenti, M., Mazza, M.: Comparing virtual vs real faces expressing emotions in children with autism: An eye-tracking study. Educ. Inf. Technol. 26(5), 5717\u20135732 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10639-021-10552-w","journal-title":"Educ. Inf. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"1339_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022885","volume":"101","author":"HT Reis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reis, H.T., Maniaci, M.R., Caprariello, P.A., Eastwick, P.W., Finkel, E.J.: Familiarity does indeed promote attraction in live interaction. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 101(3), 557\u2013570 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0022885","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"1339_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.19090\/pp.2020.3.293-309","volume":"13","author":"S Kosti\u0107","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kosti\u0107, S., Todi\u0107 Jak\u0161i\u0107, T., To\u0161kovi\u0107, O.: Facial expressions recognition in photographs, drawings, and emoticons. Primenjena Psihologija 13(3), 293\u2013309 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19090\/pp.2020.3.293-309","journal-title":"Primenjena Psihologija"},{"key":"1339_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1978.tb00468.x","volume":"19","author":"T Langdell","year":"1978","unstructured":"Langdell, T.: Recognition of faces: An approach to the study of autism. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 19, 225\u2013238 (1978)","journal-title":"J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1339_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-007-0465-2","volume":"38","author":"DB Rosset","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosset, D.B., Rondan, C., Da Fonseca, D., Santos, A., Assouline, B., Deruelle, C.: Typical emotion processing for cartoon but not for real faces in children with autistic spectrum disorders. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 38(5), 919\u2013925 (2008). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-007-0465-2","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"1339_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Spicker, M., Arellano, D., Schaller, U.M., Rauh, R., Helzle, V., Deussen, O.: Emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorder. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception (SAP \u201916), pp. 147\u2013150. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2931002.2931004","DOI":"10.1145\/2931002.2931004"},{"key":"1339_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-019-03987-1","author":"N Martins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martins, N., King, A., Beights, R.: Audiovisual media content preferences of children with autism spectrum disorders: Insights from parental interviews. J. Autism Dev. Disord. (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-019-03987-1","journal-title":"J. Autism Dev. Disord."},{"key":"1339_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Carter, E., Hyde, J., Williams, D.L., Hodgins, J.K.: Investigating the influence of avatar facial characteristics on the social behaviors of children with autism. In: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 680\u2013691. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2858036.2858345","DOI":"10.1145\/2858036.2858345"},{"issue":"1","key":"1339_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/20473869.2016.1206729","volume":"64","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng, Y., Luo, S.-Y., Lin, H.-C., Yang, C.-S.: Investigating mobile emotional learning for children with autistic spectrum disorders. Int. J. Dev. Disabil. 64(1), 25\u201334 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Disabil."},{"issue":"3","key":"1339_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2012.01.007","volume":"6","author":"T Cardon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cardon, T., Azuma, T.: Visual attending preferences in children with autism spectrum disorders: A comparison between live and video presentation modes. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 6(3), 1061\u20131067 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2012.01.007","journal-title":"Res. Autism Spectr. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"1339_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2003.11.003","volume":"8","author":"EL Hill","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hill, E.L.: Executive dysfunction in autism. Trends Cogn. Sci. 8(1), 26\u201332 (2004)","journal-title":"Trends Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"1339_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218595","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1218595","volume":"17","author":"C Meng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meng, C., Li, T., Wang, J.: Temporal course of attention bias toward emotional faces in individuals with autistic traits: An eye-movement study. Front. Neurosci. 17, 1218595 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1218595","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"1339_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.3390\/s20030718","volume":"20","author":"L Shu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shu, L., Yu, Y., Chen, W., Hua, H., Li, Q., Jin, J., Xu, X.: Wearable emotion recognition using heart rate data from a smart bracelet. Sensors 20(3), 718 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s20030718","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"6","key":"1339_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.132.6.823","volume":"132","author":"J Frattaroli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frattaroli, J.: Experimental disclosure and its moderators: A meta-analysis. Psychol. Bull. 132(6), 823\u2013865 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.132.6.823","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"1339_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prasad, P., Balse, R., Balchandani, D.: Exploring multimodal generative ai for education through co-design workshops with students. In: Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1\u201317 (2025)","DOI":"10.1145\/3706598.3714146"},{"key":"1339_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, J., Liu, C., Zhou, Z.: An emotion-art prompt framework for ai-generated drawings in education: System architecture and experimental evaluation. In: Proceedings of the 2025 International Conference on Big Data and Informatization Education, pp. 132\u2013137 (2025)","DOI":"10.1145\/3729605.3729629"},{"issue":"6","key":"1339_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.3390\/s17061359","volume":"17","author":"JC Torrado","year":"2017","unstructured":"Torrado, J.C., Gomez, J., Montoro, G.: Emotional self-regulation of individuals with autism spectrum disorders: Smartwatches for monitoring and interaction. Sensors 17(6), 1359 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s17061359","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1339_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guo, M., Zhang, X., Niu, Z., Gao, Z.: Envisioning wearable color-changing device to facilitate emotion recognition and communication in children with autism spectrum disorder. In: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Conference (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3629606.3629642","DOI":"10.1145\/3629606.3629642"},{"key":"1339_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cheng, Y., Yin, H., Yan, Y., Gugenheimer, J., Lindlbauer, D.: Towards understanding diminished reality. In: Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3491102.3517452","DOI":"10.1145\/3491102.3517452"},{"issue":"3","key":"1339_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1352\/1944-7558-121.3.219","volume":"121","author":"WV Dube","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dube, W.V., Farber, R.S., Mueller, M.R., Grant, E., Lorin, L., Deutsch, C.K.: Stimulus overselectivity in autism, down syndrome, and typical development. Am. J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil. 121(3), 219\u2013235 (2016)","journal-title":"Am. J. Intellect. Dev. Disabil."},{"issue":"1","key":"1339_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2008.04.004","volume":"3","author":"K Hudry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hudry, K., Slaughter, V.: Agent familiarity and emotional context influence the everyday empathic responding of young children with autism. Res. Autism Spectr. Disord. 3(1), 74\u201385 (2009)","journal-title":"Res. Autism Spectr. Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"1339_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13506285.2023.2250514","volume":"31","author":"KL Ritchie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ritchie, K.L., Cartledge, C., Robin, R.: Investigating the other race effect: Human and computer face matching and similarity judgements. Vis. Cogn. 31(4), 1\u201312 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13506285.2023.2250514","journal-title":"Vis. Cogn."}],"container-title":["Universal Access in the Information Society"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10209-026-01339-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10209-026-01339-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10209-026-01339-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T04:54:20Z","timestamp":1780116860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10209-026-01339-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10209-026-01339-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1615-5289","1615-5297"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1615-5289","type":"print"},{"value":"1615-5297","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"72"}}