{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T07:45:52Z","timestamp":1772783152134,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inf Syst E-Bus Manage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10257-016-0313-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]],"date-time":"2016-03-03T11:56:49Z","timestamp":1457006209000},"page":"139-158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["StockProF: a stock profiling framework using data mining approaches"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Keng-Hoong","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kok-Chin","family":"Khor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"313_CR1","first-page":"320","volume":"5","author":"OA Abbas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abbas OA et al (2008) Comparisons between data clustering algorithms. Int Arab J Inf Technol 5(3):320\u2013325","journal-title":"Int Arab J Inf Technol"},{"key":"313_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ang A, Kjaer K (2011) Investing for the long run. A decade of challenges: a collection of essays on pensions and investments Andra AP-fonden, Second Swedish National Pension Fund-AP2","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.1958258"},{"issue":"3","key":"313_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6261.1977.tb01979.x","volume":"32","author":"S Basu","year":"1977","unstructured":"Basu S (1977) Investment performance of common stocks in relation to their price-earnings ratios: a test of the efficient market hypothesis. J Finance 32(3):663\u2013682","journal-title":"J Finance"},{"issue":"2","key":"313_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2006.11.006","volume":"77","author":"R Bellazzi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bellazzi R, Zupan B (2008) Predictive data mining in clinical medicine: current issues and guidelines. Int J Med Inf 77(2):81\u201397","journal-title":"Int J Med Inf"},{"issue":"2","key":"313_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2011.12.004","volume":"89","author":"E Benmelech","year":"2013","unstructured":"Benmelech E, Dvir E (2013) Does short-term debt increase vulnerability to crisis? Evidence from the east asian financial crisis. J Int Econ 89(2):485\u2013494","journal-title":"J Int Econ"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2010.12.007","volume":"2","author":"J Bollen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bollen J, Mao H, Zeng X (2011) Twitter mood predicts the stock market. J Comput Sci 2(1):1\u20138","journal-title":"J Comput Sci"},{"key":"313_CR7","unstructured":"Bradley PS, Fayyad U, Reina C (1998) Scaling em (expectation-maximization) clustering to large databases. Tech. rep., Technical Report MSR-TR-98-35, Microsoft Research Redmond"},{"issue":"2","key":"313_CR8","first-page":"79","volume":"29","author":"MM Brenuig","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brenuig MM, Kriegel HP, Ng R, Sander J (2000) Lof: identifying density-based local outliers. ACM Sigmod Rec 29(2):79\u2013104","journal-title":"ACM Sigmod Rec"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.08.020","volume":"34","author":"PC Chang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chang PC, Liu CH (2008) A tsk type fuzzy rule based system for stock price prediction. Exp Syst Appl 34(1):135\u2013144","journal-title":"Exp Syst Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"313_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpoleco.2003.12.005","volume":"20","author":"AH Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen AH, Siems TF (2004) The effects of terrorism on global capital markets. Eur J Polit Econ 20(2):349\u2013366","journal-title":"Eur J Polit Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"313_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxj007","volume":"7","author":"H Chipman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chipman H, Tibshirani R (2006) Hybrid hierarchical clustering with applications to microarray data. Biostatistics 7(2):286\u2013301","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-405X(01)00056-3","volume":"61","author":"PM Dechow","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dechow PM, Hutton AP, Meulbroek L, Sloan RG (2001) Short-sellers, fundamental analysis, and stock returns. J Financ Econ 61(1):77\u2013106","journal-title":"J Financ Econ"},{"issue":"8","key":"313_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1406","volume":"26","author":"CB Do","year":"2008","unstructured":"Do CB, Batzoglou S (2008) What is the expectation maximization algorithm? Nat Biotechnol 26(8):897\u2013900","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"4","key":"313_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2005.06.024","volume":"29","author":"D Enke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Enke D, Thawornwong S (2005) The use of data mining and neural networks for forecasting stock market returns. Exp Syst Appl 29(4):927\u2013940","journal-title":"Exp Syst Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"313_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DAMI.0000015869.08323.b3","volume":"8","author":"V Estivill-Castro","year":"2004","unstructured":"Estivill-Castro V, Yang J (2004) Fast and robust general purpose clustering algorithms. Data Mining Knowl Discov 8(2):127\u2013150","journal-title":"Data Mining Knowl Discov"},{"key":"313_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2469\/faj.v21.n5.55","volume":"21","author":"EF Fama","year":"1965","unstructured":"Fama EF (1965) Random walks in stock market prices. Financ Anal J 21:55\u201359","journal-title":"Financ Anal J"},{"issue":"5","key":"313_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jedc.2012.02.003","volume":"36","author":"RE Farmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Farmer RE (2012) The stock market crash of 2008 caused the great recession: theory and evidence. J Econ Dyn Control 36(5):693\u2013707","journal-title":"J Econ Dyn Control"},{"key":"313_CR18","volume-title":"Common stocks and uncommon profits","author":"PA Fisher","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fisher PA (1997) Common stocks and uncommon profits, vol 16. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"313_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fung GPC, Yu JX, Lam W (2002) News sensitive stock trend prediction. In: Chen M-S, Yu PS, Liu B (eds) Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining, Springer, Berlin, pp 481\u2013493","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-47887-6_48"},{"key":"313_CR20","volume-title":"The intelligent investor","author":"B Graham","year":"2005","unstructured":"Graham B, McGowan B (2005) The intelligent investor. HarperCollins, New York"},{"key":"313_CR21","volume-title":"Value investing: from Graham to Buffett and beyond","author":"BC Greenwald","year":"2004","unstructured":"Greenwald BC, Kahn J, Sonkin PD, Van Biema M (2004) Value investing: from Graham to Buffett and beyond. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"313_CR22","volume-title":"Data mining, Southeast Asia edition: concepts and techniques","author":"J Han","year":"2006","unstructured":"Han J, Kamber M (2006) Data mining, Southeast Asia edition: concepts and techniques. Morgan kaufmann, Burlington"},{"issue":"11","key":"313_CR23","first-page":"14,026","volume":"38","author":"CM Hsu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hsu CM (2011) A hybrid procedure for stock price prediction by integrating self-organizing map and genetic programming. Exp Syst Appl 38(11):14,026\u201314,036","journal-title":"Exp Syst Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR24","first-page":"65","volume":"14","author":"CF Huang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang CF, Chang BR, Cheng DW, Chang CH (2012) Feature selection and parameter optimization of a fuzzy-based stock selection model using genetic algorithms. Int J Fuzzy Syst 14(1):65\u201375","journal-title":"Int J Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"10","key":"313_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2004.03.016","volume":"32","author":"W Huang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huang W, Nakamori Y, Wang SY (2005) Forecasting stock market movement direction with support vector machine. Comput Oper Res 32(10):2513\u20132522","journal-title":"Comput Oper Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"313_CR26","first-page":"1195","volume":"4","author":"KH Huarng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huarng KH, Yu THK, Kao TT (2008) Analyzing structural changes using clustering techniques. Int J Innov Comput Inf Control 4(5):1195\u20131201","journal-title":"Int J Innov Comput Inf Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"313_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1145\/331499.331504","volume":"31","author":"AK Jain","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jain AK, Murty MN, Flynn P (1999) Data clustering: a review. ACM Comput Surv 31(3):264\u2013323","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"313_CR28","unstructured":"Jin X, Han J (2010) Expectation maximization clustering. In: Sammut C, Webb GI (eds) Encyclopedia of machine learning, Springer, Berlin, pp 382\u2013383"},{"key":"313_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karabulut Y (2011) Can facebook predict stock market activity? SSRN eLibrary","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2017099"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3932(92)90025-W","volume":"29","author":"K Kasa","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kasa K (1992) Common stochastic trends in international stock markets. J Monet Econ 29(1):95\u2013124","journal-title":"J Monet Econ"},{"key":"313_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keller A (2000) Fuzzy clustering with outliers. In: Fuzzy Information Processing Society, 2000. NAFIPS. 19th international conference of the North American, IEEE, pp 143\u2013147","DOI":"10.1109\/NAFIPS.2000.877408"},{"issue":"4","key":"313_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.02.016","volume":"32","author":"E Kirkos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kirkos E, Spathis C, Manolopoulos Y (2007) Data mining techniques for the detection of fraudulent financial statements. Exp Syst Appl 32(4):995\u20131003","journal-title":"Exp Syst Appl"},{"key":"313_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klawonn F, Rehm F (2009) Cluster analysis for outlier detection, Chap 35. In: Wang J (ed) Encyclopedia of data warehousing and mining. IGI Global, pp 214\u2013218","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-60566-010-3.ch035"},{"key":"313_CR34","unstructured":"Knox EM, Ng RT (1998) Algorithms for mining distancebased outliers in large datasets. In: Proceedings of the international conference on very large data bases, Citeseer, pp 392\u2013403"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1174(199703)6:1<11::AID-ISAF115>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"6","author":"K Kohara","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kohara K, Ishikawa T, Fukuhara Y, Nakamura Y (1997) Stock price prediction using prior knowledge and neural networks. Intell Syst Account Finance Manag 6(1):11\u201322","journal-title":"Intell Syst Account Finance Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"313_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2006.870706","volume":"53","author":"A Kusiak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kusiak A, Shah S (2006) Data-mining-based system for prediction of water chemistry faults. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 53(2):593\u2013603","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Electron"},{"key":"313_CR37","unstructured":"Ladas A, Ferguson E, Aickelin U, Garibaldi J (2015) A data mining framework to model consumer indebtedness with psychological factors. CoRR arXiv:1502.05911"},{"key":"313_CR38","unstructured":"Lee AJ, Lin MC, Kao RT, Chen KT (2010) An effective clustering approach to stock market prediction. In: Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, pp 345\u2013354"},{"key":"313_CR39","volume-title":"Warren Buffett speaks: wit and wisdom from the world\u2019s greatest investor","author":"J Lowe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lowe J (2007) Warren Buffett speaks: wit and wisdom from the world\u2019s greatest investor. Wiley, New Jersey"},{"issue":"2","key":"313_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.02.007","volume":"36","author":"CL Lu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lu CL, Chen TC (2009) A study of applying data mining approach to the information disclosure for taiwans stock market investors. Exp Syst Appl 36(2):3536\u20133542","journal-title":"Exp Syst Appl"},{"key":"313_CR41","volume-title":"Beating the street","author":"LPPS Lynch","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lynch LPPS (1994) Beating the street. Simon and Schuster, New York"},{"key":"313_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mittermayer MA (2004) Forecasting intraday stock price trends with text mining techniques. In: System sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the 37th annual Hawaii international conference on, IEEE, pp 10","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2004.1265201"},{"issue":"3","key":"313_CR43","first-page":"111","volume":"7","author":"H Mizuno","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mizuno H, Kosaka M, Yajima H, Komoda N (1998) Application of neural network to technical analysis of stock market prediction. Stud Inform Control 7(3):111\u2013120","journal-title":"Stud Inform Control"},{"issue":"12","key":"313_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.06.026","volume":"37","author":"S Nanda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nanda S, Mahanty B, Tiwari M (2010) Clustering indian stock market data for portfolio management. Exp Syst Appl 37(12):8793\u20138798","journal-title":"Exp Syst Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s13753-011-0004-9","volume":"2","author":"O Norio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Norio O, Ye T, Kajitani Y, Shi P, Tatano H (2011) The 2011 eastern japan great earthquake disaster: overview and comments. Int J Disaster Risk Sci 2(1):34\u201342","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Sci"},{"key":"313_CR46","volume-title":"Introduction to business data mining","author":"DL Olson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Olson DL, Shi Y (2007) Introduction to business data mining. McGraw-Hill\/Irwin Englewood Cliffs, New York"},{"key":"313_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ordonez C, Cereghini P (2000) Sqlem: fast clustering in sql using the em algorithm. IN: ACM SIGMOD Record, ACM 29:559\u2013570","DOI":"10.1145\/335191.335468"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1145\/1007730.1007731","volume":"6","author":"L Parsons","year":"2004","unstructured":"Parsons L, Haque E, Liu H (2004) Subspace clustering for high dimensional data: a review. Sigkdd Explor 6(1):90\u2013105","journal-title":"Sigkdd Explor"},{"key":"313_CR49","unstructured":"Penman SH (2007) Financial statement analysis and security valuation, 3rd edn. McGraw-Hill\/Irwin, New York"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2010.08.035","volume":"181","author":"K Sim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sim K, Liu G, Gopalkrishnan V, Li J (2011) A case study on financial ratios via cross-graph quasi-bicliques. Inf Sci 181(1):201\u2013216","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1162\/1535351041747996","volume":"3","author":"A Siu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Siu A, Wong YR (2004) Economic impact of sars: the case of hong kong*. Asian Econ Pap 3(1):62\u201383","journal-title":"Asian Econ Pap"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2006.11.003","volume":"21","author":"J Sun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sun J, Li H (2008) Data mining method for listed companies financial distress prediction. Knowl Based Syst 21(1):1\u20135","journal-title":"Knowl Based Syst"},{"key":"313_CR53","unstructured":"Tan CS, Yong CK, Tay YH (2012) Modeling financial ratios of malaysian plantation stocks using bayesian networks. In: Sustainable utilization and development in engineering and technology (STUDENT), 2012 IEEE Conference on, IEEE, pp 7\u201312"},{"issue":"4","key":"313_CR54","first-page":"3","volume":"100","author":"K Teknomo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Teknomo K (2006) K-means clustering tutorial. Medicine 100(4):3","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"313_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00293","volume":"63","author":"R Tibshirani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tibshirani R, Walther G, Hastie T (2001) Estimating the number of clusters in a data set via the gap statistic. J R Stat Soc Ser B 63(2):411\u2013423","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B"},{"key":"313_CR56","volume-title":"Int Data Mining Bioinform","author":"JT Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang JT, Zaki MJ, Toivonen HT, Shasha D (2005) Int Data Mining Bioinform. Springer, Berlin"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0957-4174(02)00079-9","volume":"24","author":"YF Wang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wang YF (2003) Mining stock price using fuzzy rough set system. Exp Syst Appl 24(1):13\u201323","journal-title":"Exp Syst Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"313_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/cc1455","volume":"6","author":"E Whitley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Whitley E, Ball J (2001) Statistics review 1: presenting and summarising data. Crit Care 6(1):66","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"313_CR59","volume-title":"Time-series clustering and association analysis of financial data","author":"T Wittman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wittman T (2002) Time-series clustering and association analysis of financial data. University of Texas, Austin"},{"issue":"7","key":"313_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1080\/0960310022000020906","volume":"13","author":"WK Wong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wong WK, Manzur M, Chew BK (2003) How rewarding is technical analysis? Evidence from singapore stock market. Appl Financ Econ 13(7):543\u2013551","journal-title":"Appl Financ Econ"},{"key":"313_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yoon Y, Swales G (1991) Predicting stock price performance: A neural network approach. In: System Sciences, 1991. Proceedings of the twenty-fourth annual Hawaii international conference on, IEEE, vol 4, pp 156\u2013162","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.1991.184055"},{"issue":"5","key":"313_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.11.028","volume":"36","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu L (2009) Stock market prediction of S&P 500 via combination of improved bco approach and bp neural network. Exp Syst Appl 36(5):8849\u20138854","journal-title":"Exp Syst Appl"},{"key":"313_CR63","unstructured":"Zingales L (2008) Causes and effects of the lehman brothers bankruptcy. Committee on Oversight and Government Reform US House of Representatives"}],"container-title":["Information Systems and e-Business Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10257-016-0313-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10257-016-0313-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10257-016-0313-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10257-016-0313-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T06:14:25Z","timestamp":1567664065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10257-016-0313-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["313"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10257-016-0313-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1617-9846","1617-9854"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1617-9846","type":"print"},{"value":"1617-9854","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,3]]}}}