{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T22:46:48Z","timestamp":1776206808277,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008769","name":"Julius-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t W\u00fcrzburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inf Syst E-Bus Manage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Robotic process automation is a disruptive technology to automate already digital yet manual tasks and subprocesses as well as whole business processes rapidly. In contrast to other process automation technologies, robotic process automation is lightweight and only accesses the presentation layer of IT systems to mimic human behavior. Due to the novelty of robotic process automation and the varying approaches when implementing the technology, there are reports that up to 50% of robotic process automation projects fail. To tackle this issue, we use a design science research approach to develop a framework for the implementation of robotic process automation projects. We analyzed 35 reports on real-life projects to derive a preliminary sequential model. Then, we performed multiple expert interviews and workshops to validate and refine our model. The result is a framework with variable stages that offers guidelines with enough flexibility to be applicable in complex and heterogeneous corporate environments as well as for small and medium-sized companies. It is structured by the three phases of initialization, implementation, and scaling. They comprise eleven stages relevant during a project and as a continuous cycle spanning individual projects. Together they structure how to manage knowledge and support processes for the execution of robotic process automation implementation projects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10257-022-00553-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T12:05:49Z","timestamp":1648555549000},"page":"1-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["A framework for implementing robotic process automation projects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0101-5429","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas-Valentin","family":"Herm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Janiesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Helm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Imgrund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Winkelmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"553_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aguirre S, Rodriguez A (2017) Automation of a business process using robotic process automation (RPA): a case study. Workshop on Engineering Applications, Cartagena, Colombia.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-66963-2_7"},{"issue":"2","key":"553_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.25019\/MDKE\/6.2.07","volume":"6","author":"S Anagnoste","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anagnoste S (2018) Setting up a robotic process automation center of excellence. Manag Dyn Knowl Econ 6(2):307\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25019\/MDKE\/6.2.07","journal-title":"Manag Dyn Knowl Econ"},{"key":"553_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1057\/jittc.2016.5","volume":"6","author":"A Asatiani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Asatiani A, Penttinen E (2016) Turning robotic process automation into commercial success: case OpusCapita. J Inform Technol Teach Cases 6:67\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/jittc.2016.5","journal-title":"J Inform Technol Teach Cases"},{"key":"553_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsir.2019.100007","volume":"1","author":"A Asquith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Asquith A, Horsman G (2019) Let the robots do it!\u2013Taking a look at robotic process automation and its potential application in digital forensics. Foren Sci Int Rep 1:100007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fsir.2019.100007","journal-title":"Foren Sci Int Rep"},{"key":"553_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Axmann B, Harmoko H, Herm L-V, Janiesch C (2021) A framework of cost drivers for robotic process automation projects. International Conference on Business Process Management - Robotic Process Automation Forum, Rome, Italy.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85867-4_2"},{"issue":"4","key":"553_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-012-9342-4","volume":"15","author":"R Beck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beck R, Weber S, Gregory RW (2013) Theory-generating design science research. Inform Syst Front 15(4):637\u2013651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10796-012-9342-4","journal-title":"Inform Syst Front"},{"key":"553_CR7","unstructured":"Brant K, Sicular S (2018) Hype cycle for artificial intelligence. https:\/\/www.gartner.com\/en\/documents\/3883863\/hype-cycle-for-artificial-intelligence-2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"553_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1057\/jit.2016.15","volume":"32","author":"B Bygstad","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bygstad B (2017) Generative innovation: a comparison of lightweight and heavyweight IT. J Inform Technol 32(2):180\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/jit.2016.15","journal-title":"J Inform Technol"},{"issue":"8","key":"553_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1007\/s12176-018-0068-0","volume":"62","author":"T Camin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Camin T (2018) Roboter im shared service center. Controll Manag Rev 62(8):30\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12176-018-0068-0","journal-title":"Controll Manag Rev"},{"key":"553_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakraborti T, Isahagian V, Khalaf R, Khazaeni Y, Muthusamy V, Rizk Y, Unuvar M (2020) From robotic process automation to intelligent process automation. In: Proceedings of the 18th international conference on business process management. blockchain and robotic process automation forum, Sevilla.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58779-6_15"},{"issue":"7","key":"553_CR11","first-page":"49","volume":"89","author":"M Cohen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cohen M, Rozario A (2019) Exploring the use of robotic process automation (RPA) in substantive audit procedures. CPA J 89(7):49\u201353","journal-title":"CPA J"},{"issue":"4","key":"553_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2308\/acch-52466","volume":"33","author":"LA Cooper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cooper LA, Holderness DK Jr, Sorensen TL, Wood DA (2019) Robotic process automation in public accounting. Account Horizons 33(4):15\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2308\/acch-52466","journal-title":"Account Horizons"},{"key":"553_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czarnecki C, Fettke P (2021) Robotic process automation. In: Czarnecki C, Fettke P (eds) Robotic process automation - management, technology, applications (pp. 1-19). De Gruyter","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110676693"},{"key":"553_CR14","unstructured":"Daase C, Staegemann D, Volk M, Nahhas A, Turowski K (2020) Automation of customer initiated back office processes: a design science research approach to link robotic process automation and chatbots. In: Australasian conferences on information systems (ACIS), Wellinton."},{"key":"553_CR15","unstructured":"DeBrusk C (2017) Five robotic process automation risks to avoid. https:\/\/sloanreview.mit.edu\/article\/five-robotic-process-automation-risks-to-avoid\/"},{"key":"553_CR16","unstructured":"Dias M, Pan S, Tim Y (2019) Knowledge embodiment of human and machine interactions: Robotic-process-automation at the Finland government. In: European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Stockholm."},{"key":"553_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumas M, La Rosa M, Mendling J, Reijers HA (2018) Business process management (Vol. 2). Springer, New York.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-56509-4"},{"key":"553_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwards R, Holland J (2013) What is qualitative interviewing? A&C Black.","DOI":"10.5040\/9781472545244"},{"key":"553_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39113","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2974934","volume":"8","author":"JG Enr\u00edquez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Enr\u00edquez JG, Jim\u00e9nez-Ram\u00edrez A, Dom\u00ednguez-Mayo F, Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda J (2020) Robotic process automation: a scientific and industrial systematic mapping study. IEEE Access 8:39113\u201339129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2974934","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"553_CR20","unstructured":"Fersht P, Slaby JR (2012) Robotic automation emerges as a threat to traditional low-cost outsourcing. https:\/\/www.horsesforsources.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/06\/RS-1210_Robotic-automation-emerges-as-a-threat-060516.pdf"},{"key":"553_CR21","unstructured":"Fick A, Mokwa C, Haack D, K\u00f6rner F, Auffahrt J, Barbato M, Britze N, Judas R, Kuckkorn T, Kienberg T (2019) Robotic process automation (RPA) im digitalen B\u00fcro - Ein Leitfaden f\u00fcr Anwender. https:\/\/www.bitkom.org\/Bitkom\/Publikationen\/Robotic-Process-Automation-RPA-im-digitalen-Buero"},{"issue":"5","key":"553_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2019.103262","volume":"57","author":"M Fischer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fischer M, Imgrund F, Janiesch C, Winkelmann A (2020b) Strategy archetypes for digital transformation: defining meta objectives using business process management. Inform Manag 57(5):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.im.2019.103262","journal-title":"Inform Manag"},{"key":"553_CR23","unstructured":"Fischer M, Imgrund F, Janiesch C (2020a) Prioritizing and organizing the modeling of the long tail of business processes. In: Proceedings of the 28th European conference on information systems (ECIS), virtual conference."},{"key":"553_CR24","unstructured":"Geyer-Klingeberg J, Nakladal J, Baldauf F, Veit F (2018) Process mining and robotic process automation: a perfect match. In: Proceedings of the 16th international conference on business process management (BPM), Sydney."},{"key":"553_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.35944\/jofrp.2020.9.1.007","volume":"8","author":"M Gotthardt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gotthardt M, Koivulaakso D, Paksoy O, Saramo C, Martikainen M, Lehner O (2019) Current state and challenges in the implementation of robotic process automation and artificial intelligence in accounting and auditing. ACRN Oxf J Finan Risk Perspect 8:31\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35944\/jofrp.2020.9.1.007","journal-title":"ACRN Oxf J Finan Risk Perspect"},{"issue":"1","key":"553_CR26","first-page":"41","volume":"17","author":"P Hallikainen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hallikainen P, Bekkhus R, Pan SL (2018) How opuscapita used internal RPA capabilities to offer services to clients. MIS Quart Execut 17(1):41\u201352","journal-title":"MIS Quart Execut"},{"key":"553_CR27","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Handbook on business process management","author":"M Hammer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hammer M (2015) Business process management. In: Brocke JV, Rosemann M (eds) Handbook on business process management, vol 1. Springer, New York, pp 1\u20139"},{"key":"553_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herm L-V, Janiesch C, Reijers HA, Seubert F (2021) From symbolic RPA to intelligent RPA: challenges for developing and operating intelligent robots. In: Proceedings of the 19th international conference on business process management (BPM), Rome.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85469-0_19"},{"issue":"1","key":"553_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2307\/25148625","volume":"28","author":"A Hevner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hevner A, March ST, Park J, Ram S (2004) Design science research in information systems. MIS Quart 28(1):75\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/25148625","journal-title":"MIS Quart"},{"issue":"1","key":"553_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s12525-019-00365-8","volume":"30","author":"P Hofmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hofmann P, Samp C, Urbach N (2020) Robotic process automation. Elect Mark 30(1):99\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12525-019-00365-8","journal-title":"Elect Mark"},{"key":"553_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accinf.2019.100433","volume":"35","author":"F Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang F, Vasarhelyi MA (2019) Applying robotic process automation (RPA) in auditing: a framework. Int J Account Inform Syst 35:100433","journal-title":"Int J Account Inform Syst"},{"key":"553_CR32","unstructured":"Imgrund F, Fischer M, Janiesch C, Winkelmann A (2017) Managing the long tail of business processes. In: Proceedings of the 25th European conference on information Systems (ECIS), Guimaraes."},{"key":"553_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imgrund F, Fischer M, Janiesch C, Winkelmann A (2018) Conceptualizing a framework to manage the short head and long tail of business processes In: Proceedings of the 16th international conference on business process management, Sydney.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-98648-7_23"},{"key":"553_CR34","unstructured":"IT-economics (2019) Robotic process automation: eine erfolgsgeschichte im Rahmen der Digitalisierung f\u00fcr Syneco. https:\/\/www.it-economics.de\/digitalisierung\/2019-10\/robotic-process-automation-eine-erfolgsgeschichte"},{"issue":"1","key":"553_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1108\/IJAIM-04-2016-0038","volume":"25","author":"K Jagoda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jagoda K, Samaranayake P (2017) An integrated framework for ERP system implementation. Int J Account Inform Manag 25(1):91\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/IJAIM-04-2016-0038","journal-title":"Int J Account Inform Manag"},{"key":"553_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Janiesch C (2020) Gesch\u00e4ftsprozessmanagementsysteme und robotic process automation. In: Laue. R, Koschmider A, Fahland D (eds) Prozessmanagement und process-mining (pp. 153\u2013164). De Gruyter.","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110500165-009"},{"key":"553_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jimenez-Ramirez A, Reijers HA, Barba I, Del Valle C (2019) A method to improve the early stages of the robotic process automation lifecycle. In: International conference on advanced information systems engineering, Rome.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-21290-2_28"},{"key":"553_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Ram\u00edrez A (2021) Humans, processes and robots: a journey to hyperautomation. In: International conference on business process management: robotic process automation forum, Rome, Italy.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85867-4_1"},{"key":"553_CR39","unstructured":"Koch J, Trampler M, Kregel I, Coners A (2020) Mirror, mirror, on the wall\u2019: robotic process automation in the public sector using a digital twin. In: European conference on information systems, Virtual Conference."},{"key":"553_CR40","unstructured":"Kuckartz U (2014). Qualitative content analysis. Methods, practice, computer support. Beltz Juventa."},{"key":"553_CR41","unstructured":"Lacity M, Willcocks L, Craig A (2016a) Robotic process automation at telef\u00f3nica O2. MIS Quart Execut, 15(1), 21\u201335. http:\/\/eprints.lse.ac.uk\/64516\/1\/OUWRPS_15_02_published.pdf"},{"key":"553_CR42","unstructured":"Lacity M, Willcocks L, Craig A (2016b) Robotic process automation: mature capabilities in the energy sector (The Outsourcing Unit Working Research Paper Series. The London School of Economics and Political Science Issue. https:\/\/EconPapers.repec.org\/RePEc:ehl:lserod:64520"},{"key":"553_CR43","unstructured":"Lacity M, Willcocks L, Craig A (2016c) Robotizing global financial shared services at royal DSM. The Capco Institute Journal of Financial Transformation, 46(1), 8\u201321. http:\/\/www.umsl.edu\/~lacitym\/OUWP022016cPost.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"553_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/11633.003.0015","volume":"58","author":"M Lacity","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lacity M, Willcocks L (2017) A new approach to automating services. MIT Sloan Manag Rev 58(1):41\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7551\/mitpress\/11633.003.0015","journal-title":"MIT Sloan Manag Rev"},{"key":"553_CR45","unstructured":"Lamberton C, Gillard A, Kaczmarskyj G (2016) Get Ready for Robots: Why Planning Makes The Difference Between Success and Disappointment. https:\/\/eyfinancialservicesthoughtgallery.ie\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/ey-get-ready-for-robots.pdf"},{"key":"553_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-28299-8","volume-title":"Robotic Process Automation (RPA)-Digitalisierung und Automatisierung von Prozessen","author":"C Langmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Langmann C, Turi D (2020) Robotic Process Automation (RPA)-Digitalisierung und Automatisierung von Prozessen. Springer, New York"},{"key":"553_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-020-00641-4","author":"V Leno","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leno V, Polyvyanyy A, Dumas M, La Rosa M, Maggi FM (2020) Robotic process mining: vision and challenges. Bus Infor Syst Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12599-020-00641-4","journal-title":"Bus Infor Syst Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"553_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/tie.5060250311","volume":"61","author":"T Levitt","year":"1993","unstructured":"Levitt T (1993) The globalization of markets. Harv Bus Review 61(3):92\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tie.5060250311","journal-title":"Harv Bus Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"553_CR49","first-page":"297","volume":"43","author":"J Mendling","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mendling J, Decker G, Hull R, Reijers HA, Weber I (2018) How do machine learning, robotic process automation, and blockchains affect the human factor in business process management? Commun Assoc Inform Syst 43(1):297\u2013320","journal-title":"Commun Assoc Inform Syst"},{"key":"553_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16045-6_11","volume-title":"Multiple perspectives in risk and risk management","author":"M Morrison","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morrison M (2019) Risk management in automation of the accounting process. In: Linsley P, Shrives P, Wieczorek-Kosmala M (eds) Multiple perspectives in risk and risk management. Springer, New York, pp 231\u2013239"},{"key":"553_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406919899220","volume":"19","author":"C O\u2019Connor","year":"2020","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor C, Joffe H (2020) Intercoder reliability in qualitative research: debates and practical guidelines. Int J Qualit Methods 19:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1609406919899220","journal-title":"Int J Qualit Methods"},{"key":"553_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ortiz FCM, &Costa CJ (2020). RPA in Finance: supporting portfolio management: applying a software robot in a portfolio optimization problem In: Proceedings of the 15th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), Sevilla,Spain.","DOI":"10.23919\/CISTI49556.2020.9141155"},{"key":"553_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osmundsen K, Iden J, Bygstad B (2019) Organizing robotic process automation: balancing loose and tight coupling. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Hawaii international conference on system sciences (HICSS), Maui, Hawaii.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2019.829"},{"key":"553_CR54","unstructured":"Panetta K (2020) Gartner top strategic technology trends for 2021. https:\/\/www.gartner.com\/smarterwithgartner\/gartner-top-strategic-technology-trends-for-2021\/"},{"key":"553_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Par\u00e9 G (2004) Investigating information systems with positivist case research. Commun Assoc Inform Syst, 13(1), 233\u2013264. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17705\/1CAIS.01318","DOI":"10.17705\/1CAIS.01318"},{"key":"553_CR56","unstructured":"Penttinen E, Kasslin H, Asatiani A (2018) How to choose between robotic process automation and back-end system automation? In: Proceedings of the 26th European conference on information systems (ECIS), Portsmouth."},{"issue":"6","key":"553_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1365\/s40702-020-00659-y","volume":"57","author":"J Petersen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Petersen J, Schr\u00f6der H (2020) Entwicklung einer Robotic Process Automation (RPA)-Governance. HMD Praxis Der Wirtschaftsinformatik 57(6):1130\u20131149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1365\/s40702-020-00659-y","journal-title":"HMD Praxis Der Wirtschaftsinformatik"},{"key":"553_CR58","unstructured":"Plattfaut R (2019) Robotic process automation\u2013process optimization on steroids? In: International conference on information systems (ICIS), Munich."},{"issue":"1","key":"553_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.17270\/J.LOG.2020.380","volume":"16","author":"AM Radke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Radke AM, Dang MT, Tan A (2020) Using robotic process automation (RPA) to enhance item master data maintenance process. LogForum 16(1):129\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17270\/J.LOG.2020.380","journal-title":"LogForum"},{"issue":"4","key":"553_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.giq.2019.05.004","volume":"36","author":"A Ranerup","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ranerup A, Henriksen HZ (2019) Value positions viewed through the lens of automated decision-making: the case of social services. Govern Inform Quart 36(4):101377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.giq.2019.05.004","journal-title":"Govern Inform Quart"},{"key":"553_CR61","volume-title":"Handbook for synthesizing qualitative research","author":"M Sandelowski","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sandelowski M, Barroso J (2006) Handbook for synthesizing qualitative research. Springer, New York"},{"issue":"2","key":"553_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1108\/BPMJ-12-2018-0380","volume":"26","author":"F Santos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Santos F, Pereira R, Vasconcelos JB (2019) Toward robotic process automation implementation: an end-to-end perspective. Bus Process Manag J 26(2):405\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/BPMJ-12-2018-0380","journal-title":"Bus Process Manag J"},{"key":"553_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-95273-4_2","volume-title":"Digitalization cases","author":"M Schmitz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schmitz M, Dietze C, Czarnecki C (2019) Enabling digital transformation through robotic process automation at Deutsche Telekom. In: Urbach N, R\u00f6glinger M (eds) Digitalization cases. Springer, New York, pp 15\u201333"},{"key":"553_CR64","unstructured":"Schneider M (2019) 3 Schritte f\u00fcr eine strategische Robotic Process Automation (RPA) Einf\u00fchrung und Integration. https:\/\/morethandigital.info\/3-schritte-fuer-eine-strategische-robotic-process-automation-rpa-einfuehrung-und-integration"},{"issue":"3","key":"553_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.2478\/orga-2019-0013","volume":"52","author":"D \u0160imek","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u0160imek D, \u0160perka R (2019) How robot\/human orchestration can help in an HR department: a case study from a pilot implementation. Organizacija 52(3):204\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/orga-2019-0013","journal-title":"Organizacija"},{"key":"553_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-26564-9_5","volume-title":"Robotic process automation (RPA) in der Finanzwirtschaft","author":"M Smeets","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smeets M, Erhard R, Kau\u00dfler T (2019) Die implementierung von RPA-L\u00f6sungen. In: Smeets M, Erhard R, Kau\u00dfler T (eds) Robotic process automation (RPA) in der Finanzwirtschaft. Springer, New York, pp 57\u2013100"},{"key":"553_CR67","first-page":"273","volume-title":"Handbook of qualitative research","author":"A Strauss","year":"1994","unstructured":"Strauss A, Corbin J (1994) Grounded theory methodology: an overview. In: Denzin K, Lincoln YS (eds) Handbook of qualitative research. Sage Publications Inc, New York, pp 273\u2013285"},{"key":"553_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swathi DN (2020) Predicting drug side-effects from open source health forums using supervised classifier approach. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES), Coimbatore.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCES48766.2020.9138065"},{"key":"553_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2019.103162","volume":"115","author":"R Syed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Syed R, Suriadi S, Adams M, Bandara W, Leemans SJ, Ouyang C, ter Hofstede AH, van de Weerd I, Wynn MT, Reijers HA (2020) Robotic process automation: contemporary themes and challenges. Comput Ind 115:103162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compind.2019.103162","journal-title":"Comput Ind"},{"issue":"2","key":"553_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-015-0167-3","volume":"50","author":"T Thistoll","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thistoll T, Hooper V, Pauleen DJ (2016) Acquiring and developing theoretical sensitivity through undertaking a grounded preliminary literature review. Qual Quant 50(2):619\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11135-015-0167-3","journal-title":"Qual Quant"},{"key":"553_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b18448","volume-title":"Design science research methods and patterns: innovating information and communication technology","author":"VK Vaishnavi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vaishnavi VK, Kuechler W (2015) Design science research methods and patterns: innovating information and communication technology. CRC Press, Hoboken"},{"issue":"6","key":"553_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-018-0561-1","volume":"60","author":"WM van der Aalst","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Aalst WM, Becker J, Bichler M, Buhl HU, Dibbern J, Frank U, Hasenkamp U, Heinzl A, Hinz O, Hui K-L (2018a) Views on the past, present, and future of business and information systems engineering. Bus Inform Syst Eng 60(6):443\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12599-018-0561-1","journal-title":"Bus Inform Syst Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"553_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-018-0542-4","volume":"60","author":"WM van der Aalst","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Aalst WM, Bichler M, Heinzl A (2018b) Robotic process automation. Bus Inform Syst Eng 60(4):269\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12599-018-0542-4","journal-title":"Bus Inform Syst Eng"},{"key":"553_CR74","unstructured":"van der Meulen R (2020) 4 key trends in the gartner hype cycle for legal and compliance technologies, 2020. https:\/\/www.gartner.com\/smarterwithgartner\/4-key-trends-in-the-gartner-hype-cycle-for-legal-and-compliance-technologies-2020\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"553_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2014.36","volume":"25","author":"J Venable","year":"2016","unstructured":"Venable J, Pries-Heje J, Baskerville R (2016) FEDS: a framework for evaluation in design science research. Eur J Inform Syst 25(1):77\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/ejis.2014.36","journal-title":"Eur J Inform Syst"},{"key":"553_CR76","unstructured":"Wanner J, Hofmann A, Fischer M, Imgrund F, Janiesch C, Geyer-Klingeberg J (2019) Process selection in RPA projects\u2013towards a quantifiable method of decision making international conference on information systems (ICIS), Munich."},{"key":"553_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4132319","author":"J Webster","year":"2002","unstructured":"Webster J, Watson RT (2002) Analyzing the past to prepare for the future: writing a literature review. MIS Quart. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/4132319","journal-title":"MIS Quart"},{"issue":"1","key":"553_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1057\/s41266-016-0016-9","volume":"7","author":"L Willcocks","year":"2017","unstructured":"Willcocks L, Lacity M, Craig A (2017) Robotic process automation: strategic transformation lever for global business services? J Inform Technol Teach Cases 7(1):17\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41266-016-0016-9","journal-title":"J Inform Technol Teach Cases"},{"key":"553_CR79","unstructured":"Willcocks L, Lacity M, Craig A (2015a) The IT function and robotic process automation (The Outsourcing Unit. Working Research Paper Series, Issue. https:\/\/EconPapers.repec.org\/RePEc:ehl:lserod:64519"},{"key":"553_CR80","unstructured":"Willcocks L, Lacity M, Craig A (2015b) Robotic process automation at Xchanging (The Outsourcing Unit. Working Research Paper Series, Issue. http:\/\/eprints.lse.ac.uk\/64518\/1\/OUWRPS_15_03_published.pdf"},{"key":"553_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"William W, William L (2019) Improving corporate secretary productivity using robotic process automation. In: Proceedings of the 2019 international conference on technologies and applications of artificial intelligence (TAAI), Kaohsiung.","DOI":"10.1109\/TAAI48200.2019.8959872"}],"container-title":["Information Systems and e-Business Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10257-022-00553-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10257-022-00553-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10257-022-00553-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,20]],"date-time":"2023-04-20T04:20:53Z","timestamp":1681964453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10257-022-00553-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10257-022-00553-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1617-9846","1617-9854"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1617-9846","type":"print"},{"value":"1617-9854","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 February 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}