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The field of information systems often ignores the social dimension during validation, whereas educational research neglects the technical dimensions of designed instruments. The inseparability of social and technical elements forms the bedrock of socio-technical systems. Therefore, the current lack of validation approaches that address both dimensions is a significant gap. We address this gap by introducing VAST: a validation framework for e-assessment solutions. Examples of such solutions are technology-enhanced learning systems and e-health applications. Using multi-grounded action research as our methodology, we investigate how we can synthesise existing knowledge from information systems and educational measurement to construct our validation framework. We develop an extensive user guideline complementing our framework and find through expert interviews that VAST facilitates a comprehensive, practical approach to validating e-assessment solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10257-023-00641-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T02:01:26Z","timestamp":1689040886000},"page":"603-627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["VAST: a practical validation framework for e-assessment solutions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4195-0585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"van Haastrecht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Brinkhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"Wools","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Spruit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"641_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1080\/0969594X.2020.1843136","volume":"27","author":"C Addey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Addey C, Maddox B, Zumbo BD (2020) Assembled validity: rethinking Kane\u2019s argument-based approach in the context of International Large-Scale Assessments (ILSAs). 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