{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T08:50:06Z","timestamp":1762505406530,"version":"3.35.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,8]],"date-time":"2008-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1226102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Softw Syst Model"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-008-0103-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,7]],"date-time":"2008-11-07T12:10:00Z","timestamp":1226059800000},"page":"521-549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Nivel: a metamodelling language with a formal semantics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Timo","family":"Asikainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomi","family":"M\u00e4nnist\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asikainen, T., M\u00e4nnist\u00f6, T., Soininen, T.: A unified conceptual foundation for feature modelling. In: O\u2019Brien, L. (ed.) Proceedings of the 10th International Software Product Line Conference (SPLC 2006), pp. 31\u201340 (2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/SPLINE.2006.1691575"},{"issue":"1","key":"103_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2006.11.007","volume":"21","author":"T. Asikainen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Asikainen T., M\u00e4nnist\u00f6 T., Soininen T.: Kumbang: a domain ontology for modelling variability in software product families. Adv. Eng. Inform. 21(1), 23\u201340 (2007)","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Inform."},{"key":"103_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkinson, C., K\u00fchne, T.: The essence of multilevel metamodeling. In: Gogolla, M., Kobryn, C. (eds.) Proceedings of The Fourth International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language UML 2001). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2185, pp. 19\u201333 (2001)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45441-1_3"},{"issue":"1","key":"103_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-6423(02)00029-1","volume":"44","author":"C. Atkinson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Atkinson C., K\u00fchne T.: Profiles in a strict metamodeling framework. Sci. Comput. Program. 44(1), 5\u201322 (2002)","journal-title":"Sci. Comput. Program."},{"issue":"4","key":"103_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1145\/643120.643123","volume":"22","author":"C. Atkinson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Atkinson C., K\u00fchne T.: Rearchitecting the UML infrastructure. ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul. 22(4), 290\u2013321 (2002)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul."},{"issue":"5","key":"103_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2003.1231149","volume":"20","author":"C. Atkinson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Atkinson C., K\u00fchne T.: Model-driven development: a metamodeling foundation. IEEE Softw. 20(5), 36\u201341 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Softw."},{"issue":"3","key":"103_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-007-0061-0","volume":"7","author":"C. Atkinson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Atkinson, C., K\u00fchne, T.: Reducing accidental complexity in domain models. Softw. Syst. Model. 7(3), 345\u2013359 (2008)","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model"},{"key":"103_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkinson, C., K\u00fchne, T., Henderson-Sellers, B.: Stereotypical encounters of the third kind. In: J\u00e9z\u00e9quel, J.M., Hussmann, H., Cook, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language (UML 2002). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2460 (2002)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45800-X_9"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"103_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artint.2005.05.003","volume":"168","author":"D. Berardi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Berardi D., Calvanese D., Giacomo G.D.: Reasoning on UML class diagrams. Artif. Intell. 168(1\u20132), 70\u2013118 (2005)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"103_CR10","unstructured":"Bobrow, D.G., Stefik, M.: The LOOPS manual. Tech. rep., Xerox Corporation (1983)"},{"key":"103_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costal, D., G\u00f3mez, C.: On the use of association redefinition in UML class diagrams. In: Embley, D.W., Oliv\u00e9, A., Ram, S. (eds.) 25th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER2006). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4215, pp. 513\u2013527 (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/11901181_38"},{"key":"103_CR12","volume-title":"Generative Programming","author":"K. Czarnecki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Czarnecki K., Eisenecker U.W.: Generative Programming. Addison-Wesley, Boston (2000)"},{"issue":"2","key":"103_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/spip.225","volume":"10","author":"K. Czarnecki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Czarnecki K., Helsen S., Eisenecker U.W.: Staged configuration through specialization and multilevel configuration of feature models. Softw. Process Improv. Pract. 10(2), 143\u2013169 (2005)","journal-title":"Softw. Process Improv. Pract."},{"key":"103_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evans, A., France, R.B., Lano, K., Rumpe, B.: The UML as a formal modeling notation. In: Selected papers from the First International Workshop on The Unified Modeling Language UML\u201998. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1618, pp. 336\u2013348 (1999)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-48480-6_26"},{"key":"103_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-0676-2","volume-title":"System Design, Modeling and Metamodeling","author":"J.P. Gigch van","year":"1991","unstructured":"van Gigch J.P.: System Design, Modeling and Metamodeling. Plenum Press, New York (1991)"},{"issue":"5","key":"103_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1109\/52.57887","volume":"7","author":"A. Hall","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hall A.: Seven myths of formal methods. IEEE Softw. 7(5), 11\u201319 (1990)","journal-title":"IEEE Softw."},{"issue":"10","key":"103_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2004.172","volume":"37","author":"D. Harel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Harel, D., Rumpe, B.: Meaningful modeling: What\u2019s the semantics of \u201csemantics\u201d? IEEE Comput. 37(10) 64\u201372 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Comput."},{"issue":"7","key":"103_CR18","first-page":"44","volume":"9","author":"B. Henderson-Sellers","year":"1996","unstructured":"Henderson-Sellers B., Bulthuis A.: COMMA: sample metamodels. JOOP 9(7), 44\u201348 (1996)","journal-title":"JOOP"},{"key":"103_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henderson-Sellers, B., Gonzalez-Perez, C.: Uses and abuses of the stereotype mechanism in UML 1.x and 2.0. In: 9th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MoDELS 2006), pp. 16\u201326 (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/11880240_2"},{"key":"103_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaffar, J., Lassez, J.L.: Constraint logic programming. In: POPL \u201987: Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, pp. 111\u2013119. ACM Press, New York (1987)","DOI":"10.1145\/41625.41635"},{"key":"103_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, K.C., Cohen, S.G., Hess, J.A., Novak, W.E., Peterson, S.A.: Feature-oriented domain analysis (FODA)\u2014feasibility study. Tech. Rep. CMU\/SEI-90-TR-21, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University (1990)","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA235785"},{"issue":"4","key":"103_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-006-0017-9","volume":"5","author":"T. K\u00fchne","year":"2006","unstructured":"K\u00fchne T.: Matters of (meta-) modeling. Softw. Syst. Model. 5(4), 369\u2013385 (2006)","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"103_CR23","unstructured":"K\u00fchne, T., Steimann, F.: Tiefe Charakterisierung. In: Modellierung 2004, pp. 121\u2013133 (in German) (2004)"},{"issue":"1","key":"103_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-003-0020-3","volume":"2","author":"J. Ludewig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ludewig J.: Models in software engineering\u2014an introduction. Softw. Syst. Model. 2(1), 5\u201314 (2003)","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"103_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McUmber, W.E., Cheng, B.H.C.: A general framework for formalizing UML with formal languages. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2001), pp. 433\u2013442 (2001)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2001.919116"},{"key":"103_CR26","volume-title":"Introduction to the Theory of Programming Languages","author":"B. Meyer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Meyer B.: Introduction to the Theory of Programming Languages. Prentice Hall, New York (1990)"},{"key":"103_CR27","unstructured":"Meta Object Facility (MOF) core specification, OMG available specification, version 2.0. Tech. Rep. formal\/06-01-01 (2006)"},{"issue":"4","key":"103_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1145\/102675.102676","volume":"8","author":"J. Mylopoulos","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mylopoulos J., Borgida A., Jarke M., Koubarakis M.: Telos: representing knowledge about information systems. ACM Trans. Inform. Syst. 8(4), 325\u2013362 (1990)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Inform. Syst."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"103_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018930122475","volume":"25","author":"I. Niemel\u00e4","year":"1999","unstructured":"Niemel\u00e4 I.: Logic programs with stable model semantics as a constraint programming paradigm. Ann. Math. Artif. Intell. 25(3\u20134), 241\u2013273 (1999)","journal-title":"Ann. Math. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"103_CR30","unstructured":"Object constraint language, OMG available specification, version 2.0. Tech. Rep. formal\/06-05-01, Object Management Group (2006)"},{"key":"103_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliv\u00e9, A.: Derivation rules in object-oriented conceptual modeling languages. In: Eder, J., Missikoff, M. (eds.) Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2681, pp. 404\u2013420 (2003)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45017-3_28"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"103_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(02)00187-X","volume":"138","author":"P. Simons","year":"2002","unstructured":"Simons P., Niemel\u00e4 I., Soininen T.: Extending and implementing the stable model semantics. Artif. Intell. 138(1\u20132), 181\u2013234 (2002)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell."},{"key":"103_CR33","unstructured":"Soininen, T.: An approach to knowledge representation and reasoning for product configuration tasks. Ph.D. thesis, Helsinki University of Technology (2000)"},{"key":"103_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-8327-4","volume-title":"Allgemeine Modelltheorie","author":"H. Stachowiak","year":"1973","unstructured":"Stachowiak H.: Allgemeine Modelltheorie. Springer, Berlin (1973)"},{"issue":"4","key":"103_CR35","first-page":"23","volume":"14","author":"F. Steimann","year":"2001","unstructured":"Steimann, F.: Role = interface: a merger of concepts. J. Object-Oriented Program. 14(4):23\u201332 (2001)","journal-title":"J. Object-Oriented Program."},{"key":"103_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Syrj\u00e4nen, T.: Omega-restricted logic programs. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, vol. 2713, pp. 267\u2013280 (2001)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45402-0_20"},{"key":"103_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thalheim, B.: Fundamentals of cardinality constraints. In: Pernul, G., Tjoa, A.M. (eds.) Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on the Entity-Relationship Approach (ER\u201992). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 645, pp. 7\u201323 (1992)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-56023-8_3"},{"key":"103_CR38","unstructured":"Unified Modeling Language: Infrastructure, version 2.1.1. Tech. Rep. formal\/2007-02-06, Object Management Group (OMG) (2007)"},{"key":"103_CR39","unstructured":"Unified Modeling Language: Superstructure, version 2.1.1. Tech. Rep. formal\/2007-02-05, Object Management Group (OMG) (2007)"}],"container-title":["Software &amp; Systems Modeling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10270-008-0103-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10270-008-0103-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10270-008-0103-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]],"date-time":"2025-02-02T15:08:46Z","timestamp":1738508926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10270-008-0103-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,8]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10270-008-0103-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-1366","1619-1374"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1619-1366"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1619-1374"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,8]]}}}