{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:36:18Z","timestamp":1761708978522},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]],"date-time":"2014-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Softw Syst Model"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-014-0408-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,5]],"date-time":"2014-05-05T04:45:35Z","timestamp":1399265135000},"page":"1349-1365","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Evaluating the effort of composing design models: a controlled experiment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kleinner","family":"Farias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Whittle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"von Flach\u00a0Garcia\u00a0Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Lucena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"408_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"France, R., Rumpe, B.: Model-driven development of complex software: a research roadmap. In: Future of Software Engineering at ICSE\u201907, pp. 37\u201354 (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/FOSE.2007.14"},{"issue":"5","key":"408_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2002.1000449","volume":"28","author":"T Mens","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mens, T.: A state-of-the-art survey on software merging. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 28(5), 449\u2013462 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"408_CR3","unstructured":"Clarke, S.: Composition of object-oriented software design models. Ph.D. thesis, Dublin City University (2001)"},{"key":"408_CR4","unstructured":"Epsilon.: http:\/\/www.eclipse.org\/gmt\/epsilon\/ (2013)"},{"key":"408_CR5","unstructured":"IBM Rational Software Architect. http:\/\/www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/rational\/products\/rsa\/ (2013)"},{"key":"408_CR6","unstructured":"Farias, K.: Empirical evaluation of effort on composing design models. Ph.D. thesis, PUC-Rio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2012)"},{"key":"408_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farias, K.: Empirical evaluation of effort on composing design models. In: 32nd ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, Doctoral Symposium, vol. 2, pp. 405\u2013408, Cape Town, South Africa (2010)","DOI":"10.1145\/1810295.1810404"},{"key":"408_CR8","volume-title":"Aspect-Oriented Analysis and Design: The Theme Approach","author":"S Clarke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clarke, S., Baniassad, E.: Aspect-Oriented Analysis and Design: The Theme Approach. Addison-Wesley, Upper Saddle River (2005)"},{"key":"408_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farias, K., Garcia, A., Whittle, J., Chavez, C., Lucena, C.: Evaluating the effort of composing design models: a controlled experiment, In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS\u201912), Innsbruck, Austria, vol. 7590, pp. 676\u2013691 (2012)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33666-9_43"},{"key":"408_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farias, K., Garcia, A., Whittle, J.: Assessing the impact of aspects on model composition effort. In: 9th International Conference on Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD\u201912), Saint Malo, France, pp. 73\u201384 (2010)","DOI":"10.1145\/1739230.1739240"},{"key":"408_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke, S., Walker, R.: Composition patterns: an approach to designing reusable aspects. In: 23rd International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE\u201901), Toronto, ON, pp. 5\u201314 (2001)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2001.919076"},{"issue":"1","key":"408_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2009.69","volume":"96","author":"F Ricca","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ricca, F., Penta, M., Torchiano, M., Tonella, P., Ceccato, M.: How developers\u2019 experience and ability influence web application comprehension tasks supported by UML stereotypes: a series of four experiments. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 96(1), 96\u2013118 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"408_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4625-2","volume-title":"Experimentation in Software Engineering: An Introduction","author":"C Wohlin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wohlin, C., et al.: Experimentation in Software Engineering: An Introduction. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell (2000)"},{"key":"408_CR14","volume-title":"Quasi-experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues for Field Settings","author":"T Cook","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cook, T., Campbell, D., Day, A.: Quasi-experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues for Field Settings. Houghton Mifflin, Boston (1979)"},{"issue":"1","key":"408_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10664-007-9053-5","volume":"13","author":"B Kitchenham","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kitchenham, B., Al-Kilidar, H., Babar, M., Berry, M., Cox, K., Keung, J., Kurniawati, F., Staples, M., Zhang, H., Zhu, L.: Evaluating guidelines for reporting empirical software engineering studies. Empir. Softw. Eng. 13(1), 97\u2013112 (2008)","journal-title":"Empir. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"408_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kitchenham, B.: Empirical paradigm: the role of experiments. In: Empirical Software Engineering Issues, pp. 25\u201332 (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-71301-2_9"},{"key":"408_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sj\u00f8berg, D., Anda, B., Arisholm, E., Dyb\u00e5, T., J\u00f8rgensen, M., Karahasanovic, A., Koren, E., Vok\u00e1c, M.: Conducting realistic experiments in software engineering. In: 1st International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering, pp. 17\u201326 (2002)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISESE.2002.1166921"},{"key":"408_CR18","volume-title":"The Goal Question Metric Paradigm. Encyclopedia of Software Engineering","author":"V Basili","year":"1994","unstructured":"Basili, V., Caldiera, G., Rombach, H.: The Goal Question Metric Paradigm. Encyclopedia of Software Engineering. Wiley, New York (1994)"},{"key":"408_CR19","volume-title":"Applied Statistics for Engineers and Scientists","author":"J Devore","year":"1999","unstructured":"Devore, J., et al.: Applied Statistics for Engineers and Scientists. Duxbury, North Scituate (1999)"},{"key":"408_CR20","volume-title":"Social Experimentation","author":"D Campbell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Campbell, D., Russo, M.: Social Experimentation. SAGE Classics, Beverly Hills (1998)"},{"key":"408_CR21","unstructured":"Research method knowledge base: improving conclusion validity. http:\/\/www.socialresearchmethods.net\/kb\/concimp.php (2011)"},{"key":"408_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen, M.: Practical guidelines for expert-judgment-based software effort estimation. IEEE Software, pp. 57\u201363 (2005)","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2005.73"},{"key":"408_CR23","unstructured":"Brewer, M.: Research design and issues of validity. In: Reis, H., Judd, C. (eds.) Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000)"},{"key":"408_CR24","volume-title":"Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference","author":"W Shadish","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shadish, W., Cook, T., Campbell, D.: Experimental and Quasi-experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Houghton Mifflin, Boston (2002)"},{"key":"408_CR25","volume-title":"Research Design Explained","author":"M Mitchell","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mitchell, M., Jolley, J.: Research Design Explained, 4th edn. Harcourt, New York (2001)","edition":"4"},{"key":"408_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whittle, J., Jayaraman, P.: Synthesizing hierarchical state machines from expressive scenario descriptions. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 19(3), 1\u201345 (2010)","DOI":"10.1145\/1656250.1656252"},{"key":"408_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thaker, S., Batory, D., Kitchin, D., Cook, W.: Safe composition of product lines. In: 6th Generative Programming: Concepts and Experiences, Salzburg, Austria, pp. 95\u2013104 (2007)","DOI":"10.1145\/1289971.1289989"},{"key":"408_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein, J., H\u00e9lou\u00ebt, L., J\u00e9z\u00e9quel, J., Semantic-based weaving of scenarios. In: 5th Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD\u201906), Bonn, Germany, pp. 27\u201338 (2006)","DOI":"10.1145\/1119655.1119662"},{"key":"408_CR29","unstructured":"Asklund, U.: Identifying inconsistencies during structural merge. In: Proceedings of Nordic Workshop Programming Environment Research, pp. 86\u201396 (1994)"},{"key":"408_CR30","unstructured":"Farias, K., Garcia, A., Lucena, C.: Effects of stability on model composition effort: an exploratory study. J. Softw. Syst. Model. (SoSym) 12(1), 1\u201322 (2013)"},{"key":"408_CR31","unstructured":"Norris, N., Letkeman, K.: Governing and managing enterprise models: part 1. Introduction and concepts. IBM Developer Works, www.ibm.com\/developerworks\/rational\/library\/09\/0113_letkeman-norris (2011)"},{"key":"408_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perry, D., Siya, P., Votta, L.: Parallel changes in large scale software development: an observational case study. In: International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE\u201998), pp. 251\u2013260 (1998)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.1998.671134"},{"key":"408_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lange, C., Chaudron, M.: Effects of defects in UML models: an experimental investigation. In: International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE\u201906), China, pp. 401\u2013410 (2006)","DOI":"10.1145\/1134285.1134341"},{"key":"408_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petre, M.: UML in practice. In: 35th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE 2013), San Francisco, CA, pp. 18\u201326 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2013.6606618"},{"issue":"10","key":"408_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2005.105","volume":"31","author":"L Briand","year":"2005","unstructured":"Briand, L., Labiche, Y., Di Penta, M., BondocL, H.: An experimental investigation of formality in UML-based development. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 31(10), 833\u2013849 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"408_CR36","unstructured":"Unified Modeling Language: Infrastructure, Object Management Group (2010)"}],"container-title":["Software & Systems Modeling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10270-014-0408-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10270-014-0408-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10270-014-0408-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T23:20:50Z","timestamp":1565392850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10270-014-0408-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]}},"alternative-id":["408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10270-014-0408-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-1366","1619-1374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-1366","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-1374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,6]]}}}