{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T13:27:18Z","timestamp":1767965238515,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Softw Syst Model"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-022-01037-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T09:03:04Z","timestamp":1660726984000},"page":"1277-1294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The uncertainty interaction problem in self-adaptive systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Javier","family":"C\u00e1mara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Troya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Vallecillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Bencomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radu","family":"Calinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betty H. C.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Garlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Schmerl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1037_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baresi, L., Pasquale, L., Spoletini, P.: Fuzzy goals for requirements-driven adaptation. In: 2010 18th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference, IEEE, pp. 125\u2013134 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2010.25"},{"key":"1037_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bencomo, N.: Quantun: quantification of uncertainty for the reassessment of requirements. pp. 236\u2013240 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RE.2015.7320429","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2015.7320429"},{"key":"1037_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bencomo, N., Belaggoun, A., Issarny, V.: Dynamic decision networks for decision-making in self-adaptive systems: a case study. In: 2013 8th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems (SEAMS), pp. 113\u2013122 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SEAMS.2013.6595498","DOI":"10.1109\/SEAMS.2013.6595498"},{"issue":"5","key":"1037_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-019-00741-0","volume":"19","author":"MF Bertoa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bertoa, M.F., Burgue\u00f1o, L., Moreno, N., et al.: Incorporating measurement uncertainty into OCL\/UML primitive datatypes. Softw. Syst. Model. 19(5), 1163\u20131189 (2020)","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"1037_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgue\u00f1o, L., Mu\u00f1oz, P., Claris\u00f3, R., et\u00a0al.: Dealing with belief uncertainty in domain models. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. (TOSEM) In submission (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3542947"},{"key":"1037_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00e1mara, J., Garlan, D., Moreno, G.A., et\u00a0al.: Analyzing self-adaptation via model checking of stochastic games. In: de\u00a0Lemos R, Garlan D, Ghezzi C, et\u00a0al (eds) Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems III. Assurances - International Seminar, Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, December 15\u201319, 2013, Revised Selected and Invited Papers, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 9640. Springer, pp. 154\u2013187 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74183-3_6"},{"key":"1037_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2018.07.002","volume":"167","author":"J C\u00e1mara","year":"2018","unstructured":"C\u00e1mara, J., Peng, W., Garlan, D., et al.: Reasoning about sensing uncertainty and its reduction in decision-making for self-adaptation. Sci. Comput. Program. 167, 51\u201369 (2018)","journal-title":"Sci. Comput. Program."},{"key":"1037_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, B., Sawyer, P., Bencomo, N. et\u00a0al.: A goal-based modeling approach to develop requirements of an adaptive system with environmental uncertainty. In: Proceedings of MODELS\u201909, pp. 468\u2013483 (2009)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04425-0_36"},{"key":"1037_CR9","unstructured":"Cheng, B.H.C., de\u00a0Lemos, R., Giese, H., et\u00a0al.: Software engineering for self-adaptive systems: a research roadmap. In: Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems, LNCS, vol 5525. Springer, pp. 1\u201326 (2009b)"},{"key":"1037_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, B.H.C., Ramirez, A.J., McKinley, P.K.: Harnessing evolutionary computation to enable dynamically adaptive systems to manage uncertainty. In: 1st International Workshop on Combining Modelling and Search-Based Software Engineering, CMSBSE@ICSE 2013 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/CMSBSE.2013.6604427"},{"key":"1037_CR11","unstructured":"Cheng, S.W., Garlan, D.: Handling uncertainty in autonomic systems. In: In Proceedings of IWLU@ASE\u201907. ACM (2007). http:\/\/acme.able.cs.cmu.edu\/pubs\/uploads\/pdf\/IWLU07-HandlingUncertainties-pub.pdf"},{"key":"1037_CR12","unstructured":"Critch, A.: (Retrieved 15 January 2019) Credence\u2014using subjective probabilities to express belief strengths. http:\/\/acritch.com\/credence\/"},{"key":"1037_CR13","volume-title":"Controlling Software Projects: Management, Measurement & Estimation","author":"T DeMarco","year":"1982","unstructured":"DeMarco, T.: Controlling Software Projects: Management, Measurement & Estimation. Yourdon Press, New York (1982)"},{"key":"1037_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeVries, B., Cheng, B.H.C.: Run-time monitoring of self-adaptive systems to detect n-way feature interactions and their causes. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, SEAMS@ICSE 2018. ACM, pp. 94\u2013100 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3194133.3194141"},{"key":"1037_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeVries, B., Fredericks, E.M., Cheng, B.H.C.: Analysis and monitoring of cyber-physical systems via environmental domain knowledge & modeling. In: 16th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, SEAMS 2021 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/SEAMS51251.2021.00013"},{"key":"1037_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esfahani, N., Malek, S.: Uncertainty in self-adaptive software systems. In: Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems II, LNCS, vol 7475. Springer, pp. 214\u2013238 (2013)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35813-5_9"},{"issue":"2","key":"1037_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-017-0594-9","volume":"18","author":"M Famelis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Famelis, M., Chechik, M.: Managing design-time uncertainty. Softw. Syst. Model. 18(2), 1249\u20131284 (2019)","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"1037_CR18","volume-title":"An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications","author":"W Feller","year":"2008","unstructured":"Feller, W.: An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications. Wiley, Hoboken (2008)"},{"key":"1037_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giese, H., Bencomo, N., Pasquale, L., et\u00a0al.: Living with Uncertainty in the Age of Runtime Models. In: Models@run.time, LNCS, vol 8378. Springer, pp. 47\u2013100 (2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08915-7_3"},{"key":"1037_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hao, J., Jiang, T., Wang, W., et\u00a0al.: An empirical analysis of VM startup times in public IAAS clouds. In: 2021 IEEE 14th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD), pp. 398\u2013403 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/CLOUD53861.2021.00053"},{"key":"1037_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hezavehi, S.M., Weyns, D., Avgeriou, P., et\u00a0al.: Uncertainty in self-adaptive systems: a research community perspective. ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst. 15(4) (2021)","DOI":"10.1145\/3487921"},{"key":"1037_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huebscher, M.C., McCann, J.A.: A survey of autonomic computing\u2014degrees, models, and applications. ACM Comput. Surv. 40(3) (2008)","DOI":"10.1145\/1380584.1380585"},{"key":"1037_CR23","unstructured":"JCGM 100:2008 (2008) Evaluation of measurement data\u2014guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). http:\/\/www.bipm.org\/utils\/common\/documents\/jcgm\/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf"},{"key":"1037_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J\u00f8sang, A.: Subjective Logic\u2014A Formalism for Reasoning Under Uncertainty. Artif. Intell. Found. Theory Algorithms (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-42337-1"},{"key":"1037_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kephart, J.O., Chess, D.M.: The vision of autonomic computing. Computer 36 (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2003.1160055"},{"issue":"1","key":"1037_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3:1","DOI":"10.1145\/3440119","volume":"15","author":"C Kinneer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kinneer, C., Garlan, D., Goues, C.L.: Information reuse and stochastic search: managing uncertainty in self-* systems. ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst. 15(1), 3:1-3:36 (2021)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst."},{"key":"1037_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langford, M.A., Cheng, B.H.C.: Enhancing learning-enabled software systems to address environmental uncertainty. In: 2019 Conference on Autonomic Computing, ICAC 2019 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAC.2019.00023"},{"issue":"2","key":"1037_CR28","first-page":"5:1","volume":"15","author":"MA Langford","year":"2021","unstructured":"Langford, M.A., Cheng, B.H.C.: Enki: a diversity-driven approach to test and train robust learning-enabled systems. ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst. 15(2), 5:1-5:32 (2021)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst."},{"key":"1037_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahdavi-Hezavehi, S., Avgeriou, P., Weyns, D.: A classification framework of uncertainty in architecture-based self-adaptive systems with multiple quality requirements (2017)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802855-1.00003-4"},{"key":"1037_CR30","first-page":"1","volume":"2015","author":"GA Moreno","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moreno, G.A., C\u00e1mara, J., Garlan, D., et al.: Proactive self-adaptation under uncertainty: a probabilistic model checking approach. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 2015, 1\u201312 (2015)","journal-title":"Assoc. Comput. Mach."},{"key":"1037_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreno, G.A., C\u00e1mara, J., Garlan, D., et\u00a0al.: Uncertainty reduction in self-adaptive systems. In: Andersson, J., Weyns, D. (eds) Proceedings of SEAMS@ICSE\u201918. ACM, pp. 51\u201357 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3194133.3194144"},{"issue":"3","key":"1037_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(01)00120-X","volume":"75","author":"WL Oberkampf","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oberkampf, W.L., DeLand, S.M., Rutherford, B.M., et al.: Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation. Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 75(3), 333\u2013357 (2002)","journal-title":"Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf."},{"key":"1037_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oquendo, F.: Coping with uncertainty in systems-of-systems architecture modeling on the IoT with SosADL. In: Proceedings of SoSE\u201919, pp. 131\u2013136 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/SYSOSE.2019.8753842"},{"issue":"5","key":"1037_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2018.2864159","volume":"46","author":"C Paterson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paterson, C., Calinescu, R.: Observation-enhanced QoS analysis of component-based systems. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 46(5), 526\u2013548 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"1037_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perez-Palacin, D., Mirandola, R.: Uncertainties in the modeling of self-adaptive systems: a taxonomy and an example of availability evaluation. In: Proceedings of the 5th ACM\/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering, ICPE \u201914 (2014)","DOI":"10.1145\/2568088.2568095"},{"key":"1037_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramirez, A.J., Jensen, A.C., Cheng, B.H.C.: A taxonomy of uncertainty for dynamically adaptive systems. In: 7th International Symposium on Software Engineering for Adaptive and Self-Managing Systems, SEAMS 2012. IEEE Computer Society (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/SEAMS.2012.6224396"},{"key":"1037_CR37","volume-title":"Risk Assessment: Theory, Methods, and Applications","author":"M Rausand","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rausand, M.: Risk Assessment: Theory, Methods, and Applications. Wiley, Hoboken (2013)"},{"key":"1037_CR38","unstructured":"Russell, S., Chen, F.: Controlling AI. Podcast (2020)"},{"key":"1037_CR39","volume-title":"Artificial Intelligence, A Modern Approach","author":"SJ Russell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Russell, S.J., Norvig, P.: Artificial Intelligence, A Modern Approach, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, New Jersey (2010)","edition":"3"},{"key":"1037_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samin, H., Bencomo, N., Sawyer, P.: Decision-making under uncertainty: be aware of your priorities. Softw. Syst. Model. (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-021-00956-0"},{"key":"1037_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmerl, B.R., C\u00e1mara, J., Gennari, J., et\u00a0al.: Architecture-based self-protection: composing and reasoning about denial-of-service mitigations. In: Proceedings of HotSoS\u201914. ACM, p. 2 (2014)","DOI":"10.1145\/2600176.2600181"},{"key":"1037_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2948","volume":"8","author":"AJ Seely","year":"2004","unstructured":"Seely, A.J., Macklem, P.T.: Complex systems and the technology of variability analysis. Crit. Care 8, 367\u2013384 (2004)","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"1037_CR43","unstructured":"Thunnissen, D.P.: Uncertainty classification for the design and development of complex systems. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Predictive Methods Conference, Veros Software (2003)"},{"key":"1037_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Troya, J., Moreno, N., Bertoa, M.F., et\u00a0al.: Uncertainty representation in software models: a survey. Softw. Syst. Model. 20(4) (2021)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-020-00842-1"},{"key":"1037_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whittle, J., Sawyer, P., Bencomo, N., et\u00a0al.: RELAX: incorporating Uncertainty into the specification of self-adaptive systems. In: Proceedings of RE\u201909, pp. 79\u201388 (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2009.36"},{"key":"1037_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whittle, J., Sawyer, P., Bencomo, N., et\u00a0al.: RELAX: incorporating uncertainty into the specification of self-adaptive systems. In: Proceedings of RE\u201909. IEEE Computer Society, pp. 79\u201388 (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2009.36"},{"issue":"2","key":"1037_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-017-0609-6","volume":"18","author":"M Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Ali, S., Yue, T., et al.: Uncertainty-wise cyber-physical system test modeling. Softw. Syst. Model. 18(2), 1379\u20131418 (2019)","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"1037_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zimmermann, H.J.: Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications. Springer, Berlin (2001)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0646-0"}],"container-title":["Software and Systems Modeling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10270-022-01037-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10270-022-01037-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10270-022-01037-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,27]],"date-time":"2022-08-27T06:15:22Z","timestamp":1661580922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10270-022-01037-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1037"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10270-022-01037-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-1366","1619-1374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-1366","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-1374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}