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By contrast, the data model providing the context of OCL expressions is inherently relational: the associations of UML class diagrams are essentially relations, with uniqueness and order designators extending expressiveness to ordered multirelations. As a result, OCL suffers from a functional\/relational impedance mismatch, which is only superficially addressed by its navigation shorthands. At the same time, OCL is inherently unsafe: expressions containing subexpressions evaluating to  may be invalid, translating to a runtime error in programming languages. We address this situation by turning OCL into a relational language that retains most of OCL\u2019s original syntax and semantics, yet revises its fundamental design decisions that lead up to the noted problems. 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