{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:15:50Z","timestamp":1792782950496,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Aquila","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01j9p1r26","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Softw Syst Model"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Jjodel is a cloud-based reflective platform designed to address the challenges of Model-Driven Engineering (MDE), particularly the cognitive complexity and usability barriers often encountered in existing model-driven tools. This article presents the motivation and requirements behind the design of Jjodel and demonstrates how it satisfies these through its key features. By offering a low-code environment with modular viewpoints for syntax, validation, and semantics, Jjodel empowers language designers to define and refine domain-specific languages (DSLs) with ease. Its innovative capabilities, such as live co-evolution support, and syntax customization, ensure adaptability for academic and industrial contexts. A practical case study of an algebraic expression language highlights the ability of Jjodel to manage positional semantics and event-driven workflows, illustrating its effectiveness in simplifying complex modeling scenarios. Built on modern front-end technologies, Jjodel aims to operationalize concepts from MDE research into a usable platform that supports a range of modeling tasks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-025-01324-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T12:11:36Z","timestamp":1759752696000},"page":"1821-1845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Modeling in Jjodel: towards bridging complexity and usability in model-driven engineering"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1154-1382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Bucchiarone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7909-3902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juri","family":"Di Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7717-0574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damiano","family":"Di Vincenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5231-3952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Pierantonio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1324_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abrah\u00e3o, S., Bordeleau, F., Cheng, B., Kokaly, S., Paige, R., St\u00f6errle, H., Whittle, J.: User experience for model-driven engineering: challenges and future directions. In: 2017 ACM\/IEEE 20th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS), pp. 229\u2013236. IEEE (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/MODELS.2017.5"},{"key":"1324_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alfraihi, H., Lano, K.: Trends and insights into the use of model-driven engineering: a survey. In: 2023 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C), pp. 286\u2013295 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/MODELS-C59198.2023.00058"},{"key":"1324_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bach, J.-C., Beugnard, A., Champeau, J., Dagnat, F., Gu\u00e9rin, S., Mart\u00ednez, S.: 10 years of model federation with openflexo: challenges and lessons learned. In: Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 27th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, pp. 25\u201336 (2024)","DOI":"10.1145\/3640310.3674084"},{"key":"1324_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bork, D., Langer, P., Ortmayr, T.: A vision for flexible glsp-based web modeling tools. In: IFIP Working Conference on The Practice of Enterprise Modeling, pp. 109\u2013124. Springer (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-48583-1_7"},{"key":"1324_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brambilla, M., Cabot, J., Wimmer., M.: Model-Driven Software Engineering in Practice: Second Edition. Morgan & Claypool Publishers, 2nd edition (2017)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-02549-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"1324_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.1987.1663532","volume":"20","author":"FP Brooks","year":"1987","unstructured":"Brooks, F.P., Bullet, N.S.: Essence and accidents of software engineering. IEEE Comput. 20(4), 10\u201319 (1987)","journal-title":"IEEE Comput."},{"key":"1324_CR7","unstructured":"Bucchiarone, A., Rocco, J.D., Vincenzo, D.D., Pierantonio, A.: From ocl to jsx: Declarative constraint modeling in modern saas tools. In: Proceedings of the OCL 2025 Workshop co-located with STAF 2025, Koblenz, Germany (2025)"},{"key":"1324_CR8","first-page":"58","volume-title":"Object Constraint Language (OCL): A Definitive Guide","author":"J Cabot","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cabot, J., Gogolla, M.: Object Constraint Language (OCL): A Definitive Guide, pp. 58\u201390. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2012)"},{"key":"1324_CR9","unstructured":"Ceravola, A., Joublin, F.: Hypergraphos: a modern meta-operating system for the scientic and engineering domains. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2412.10487 (2024)"},{"key":"1324_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00e9ret, E., Calvary, G., Dupuy-Chessa, S.: Flexibility in mde for scaling up from simple applications to real case studies: illustration on a nuclear power plant. In: Proceedings of the 25th Conference on l\u2019Interaction Homme-Machine, IHM \u201913, pp. 33\u201342, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery (2013)","DOI":"10.1145\/2534903.2534909"},{"key":"1324_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cicchetti, A., Di\u00a0Ruscio, D., Eramo, R., Pierantonio, A.: Automating co-evolution in model-driven engineering. In: 2008 12th International IEEE Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference, pp. 222\u2013231. IEEE (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/EDOC.2008.44"},{"key":"1324_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De\u00a0Carlo, G., Langer, P., Bork, D.: Advanced visualization and interaction in glsp-based web modeling: realizing semantic zoom and off-screen elements. In: Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, MODELS \u201922, page 221\u2013231, New York, NY, USA., Association for Computing Machinery (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3550355.3552412"},{"key":"1324_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di\u00a0Rocco, J., Di\u00a0Ruscio, D., Di\u00a0Salle, A., Di\u00a0Vincenzo, D., Pierantonio, A., Tinella, G.: Jjodel: a reflective cloud-based modeling framework. In: 2023 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C), pp. 55\u201359. IEEE (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/MODELS-C59198.2023.00019"},{"key":"1324_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di\u00a0Vincenzo, D., Di\u00a0Rocco, J., Di\u00a0Ruscio, D., Pierantonio, A.: Enhancing syntax expressiveness in domain-specific modelling. In: 2021 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C), pp. 586\u2013594. IEEE (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/MODELS-C53483.2021.00089"},{"key":"1324_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frisch, M., Dachselt, R., Br\u00fcckmann, T.: Towards seamless semantic zooming techniques for uml diagrams. In: Proceedings of the 4th ACM Symposium on Software Visualization, pp. 207\u2013208 (2008)","DOI":"10.1145\/1409720.1409758"},{"issue":"1","key":"1324_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5381\/jot.2024.23.1.a6","volume":"23","author":"T Giraudet","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giraudet, T., Bats, M., Blouin, A., Combemale, B., David, P.-C.: Sirius web: Insights in language workbenches\u2014an experience report. J. Object Technol. 23(1), 1 (2024)","journal-title":"J. Object Technol."},{"key":"1324_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Golra, F.R., Beugnard, A., Dagnat, F., Guerin, S., Guychard, C.: Using free modeling as an agile method for developing domain specific modeling languages. In: Proceedings of the ACM\/IEEE 19th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, MODELS \u201916, pp. 24\u201334, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2976767.2976807"},{"key":"1324_CR18","unstructured":"Heidegger, M.: Being and time. Translated by john macquarrie and edward robinson. First English Edition (1927)"},{"key":"1324_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03013-0_4","volume-title":"ECOOP 2009: Object-Oriented Programming","author":"M Herrmannsdoerfer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Herrmannsdoerfer, M., Benz, S., Juergens, E.: Cope: automating coupled evolution of metamodels and models. In: Drossopoulou, S. (ed.) ECOOP 2009: Object-Oriented Programming, pp. 52\u201376. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2009)"},{"key":"1324_CR20","unstructured":"Hili, N.: A Metamodeling framework for promoting flexibility and creativity over strict model conformance. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Flexible Model Driven Engineering (FlexMDE 2016), volume 1694 of Flexible Model Driven Engineering, pp. 2\u201311, Saint-Malo, France, Oct. 2016. Davide Di Ruscio and Juan de Lara and Alfonso Pierantonio, CEUR-WS"},{"key":"1324_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2013.03.017","volume":"89","author":"J Hutchinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hutchinson, J., Whittle, J., Rouncefield, M.: Model-driven engineering practices in industry: social, organizational and managerial factors that lead to success or failure. Sci. Comput. Program. 89, 144\u2013161 (2014)","journal-title":"Sci. Comput. Program."},{"key":"1324_CR22","first-page":"109","volume-title":"MetaEdit+ A Fully Configurable Multi-User and Multi-Tool CASE and CAME Environment","author":"S Kelly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kelly, S., Lyytinen, K., Rossi, M.: MetaEdit+ A Fully Configurable Multi-User and Multi-Tool CASE and CAME Environment, pp. 109\u2013129. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1324_CR23","first-page":"28","volume":"18","author":"S Kelly","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kelly, S., Tolvanen, J.-P.: Domain-specific modeling: enabling full code generation. Cutter IT J. 18(5), 28\u201334 (2005)","journal-title":"Cutter IT J."},{"issue":"5","key":"1324_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-024-01192-y","volume":"23","author":"J Kienzle","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kienzle, J., Zschaler, S., Barnett, W., Sa\u011flam, T., Bucchiarone, A., Abrah\u00e3o, S., Syriani, E., Kolovos, D., Lethbridge, T., Mustafiz, S., Meacham, S.: Requirements for modelling tools for teaching. Softw. Syst. Model. 23(5), 1055\u20131073 (2024)","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"1324_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lafontant, L.-E., Syriani, E.: Gentleman: a light-weight web-based projectional editor generator. In: Proceedings of the 23rd ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems: Companion Proceedings, MODELS \u201920, New York, NY, USA. Association for Computing Machinery (2020)","DOI":"10.1145\/3417990.3421998"},{"key":"1324_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liebel, G., Badreddin, O., Heldal, R.: Model driven software engineering in education: a multi-case study on perception of tools and uml. In: 2017 IEEE 30th Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE &T), pp. 124\u2013133 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CSEET.2017.29"},{"issue":"4","key":"1324_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-013-0392-y","volume":"14","author":"JJ L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2015","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez, J.J., Cuadrado, J.S., Guerra, E., Lara, J.: Example-driven meta-model development. Softw. Syst. Model. 14(4), 1323\u20131347 (2015)","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"1324_CR28","unstructured":"Mankins, J.C. et\u00a0al.: Technology readiness levels. White Paper, April, 6(1995):1995 (1995)"},{"key":"1324_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-024-01257-y","author":"H Metin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Metin, H., Bork, D.: A reference architecture for the development of GLSP-based web modeling tools. Softw. Syst. Model. (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10270-024-01257-y","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"1324_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piaget, J.: The Origins of Intelligence in Children. International Universities Press, New York. Translated by Margaret Cook (1952)","DOI":"10.1037\/11494-000"},{"key":"1324_CR31","unstructured":"Pierantonio, A.: Transparency of tools: beyond usability in modeling tools. In: Keynote at the 13th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering and Software Development (MODELSWARD 2025). https:\/\/modelsward.scitevents.org\/KeynoteSpeakers.aspx?y=2025 (2025)"},{"key":"1324_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pirolli, P., Card, S.K., Van Der\u00a0Wege, M.M.: Visual information foraging in a focus+ context visualization. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 506\u2013513 (2001)","DOI":"10.1145\/365024.365337"},{"key":"1324_CR33","unstructured":"Spillers, F.: Progressive disclosure: The best interaction design technique. https:\/\/www.experiencedynamics.com\/progressive-disclosure-the-best-interaction-design-technique\/ (2010). Experience Dynamics. Accessed 31 May 2025"},{"key":"1324_CR34","volume-title":"Model-Driven Software Development: Technology, Engineering. Management","author":"T Stahl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stahl, T., Voelter, M., Czarnecki, K.: Model-Driven Software Development: Technology, Engineering. Management. Wiley, Hoboken (2006)"},{"key":"1324_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tolvanen, J.-P., Kelly, S., Di\u00a0Rocco, J., Pierantonio, A., Tinella, G.: A framework for evaluating tool support for co-evolution of modeling languages, tools and models. In: Software and Systems Modeling, pp. 1\u201328 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-024-01218-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"1324_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-024-01218-5","volume":"24","author":"J-P Tolvanen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tolvanen, J.-P., Kelly, S., Di Rocco, J., Pierantonio, A., Tinella, G.: A framework for evaluating tool support for co-evolution of modeling languages, tools and models. Softw. Syst. Model. 24(2), 311\u2013338 (2025)","journal-title":"Softw. Syst. Model."},{"key":"1324_CR37","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Model-Driven Engineering Languages and Systems","author":"J Whittle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Whittle, J., Hutchinson, J., Rouncefield, M., Burden, H., Heldal, R.: Industrial adoption of model-driven engineering: Are the tools really the problem? In: Moreira, A., Sch\u00e4tz, B., Gray, J., Vallecillo, A., Clarke, P. (eds.) Model-Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, pp. 1\u201317. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013)"},{"key":"1324_CR38","unstructured":"Widom, J., Ceri, S.: Active Database Systems: Triggers and Rules for Advanced Database Processing (Morgan Kaufmann, 1995)"},{"key":"1324_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u00fcest, D., Seyff, N., Glinz, M.: Flexisketch team: collaborative sketching and notation creation on the fly. In: 2015 IEEE\/ACM 37th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering, vol. 2, pp. 685\u2013688. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSE.2015.223"}],"container-title":["Software and Systems Modeling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10270-025-01324-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10270-025-01324-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10270-025-01324-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T17:08:25Z","timestamp":1790615305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10270-025-01324-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10270-025-01324-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1619-1366","1619-1374"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1619-1366","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-1374","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 August 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}