{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T21:24:24Z","timestamp":1787606664422,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,13]],"date-time":"2012-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1339545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Digit Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-012-9495-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T19:32:19Z","timestamp":1339529539000},"page":"708-719","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Content-Based Retrieval of Focal Liver Lesions Using Bag-of-Visual-Words Representations of Single- and Multiphase Contrast-Enhanced CT Images"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhentai","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiyan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianjin","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wufan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"9495_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2003.11.024","volume":"73","author":"H M\u00fcller","year":"2004","unstructured":"M\u00fcller H, Michoux N, Bandon D, Geissbuhler A: A review of content-based image retrieval systems in medical applications\u2013clinical benefits and future directions. Int J Med Informatics 73(1):1\u201323, 2004","journal-title":"Int J Med Informatics"},{"issue":"6","key":"9495_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1109\/10.678613","volume":"45","author":"EL Chen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chen EL, Chung PC, Chen CL, Tsai HM, Chang CI: An automatic diagnostic system for CT liver image classification. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 45(6):783\u2013794, 1998","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"9495_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2003.813793","volume":"7","author":"M Gletsos","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gletsos M, Mougiakakou SG, Matsopoulos GK, Nikita KS, Nikita AS, Kelekis D: A computer-aided diagnostic system to characterize CT focal liver lesions: design and optimization of a neural network classifier. IEEE Trans Info Tech Biomed 7(3):153\u2013162, 2003","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Info Tech Biomed"},{"issue":"9","key":"9495_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1782674","volume":"31","author":"M Bilello","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bilello M, Gokturk SB, Desser T, Napel S, Jeffrey Jr, RB, Beaulieu CF: Automatic detection and classification of hypodense hepatic lesions on contrast-enhanced venous-phase CT. Med Phys 31(9):2584\u20132593, 2004","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"9495_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2007.05.002","volume":"41","author":"SG Mougiakakou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mougiakakou SG, Valavanis IK, Nikita A, Nikita KS: Differential diagnosis of CT focal liver lesions using texture features, feature selection and ensemble driven classifiers. Artif Intell Med 41(1):25\u201337, 2007","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"9495_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10091694","volume":"256","author":"SA Napel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Napel SA, et al: Automated retrieval of CT images of liver lesions on the basis of image similarity: method and preliminary results. Radiology 256(1):243\u2013252, 2010","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9495_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye J, Sun Y, Wang S, Gu L, Qian L, Xu J: Multi-phase CT image based hepatic lesion diagnosis by SVM. In the 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics 2009","DOI":"10.1109\/BMEI.2009.5304774"},{"issue":"3","key":"9495_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.215.3.r00jn03746","volume":"215","author":"M Nino-Murcia","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nino-Murcia M, Olcott EW, Jeffrey RB, Lamm RL, Beaulieu CF, Jain KA: Focal liver lesions: pattern-based classification scheme for enhancement at arterial phase CT. Radiology 215(3):746\u2013751, 2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9495_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-010-9290-9","volume":"24","author":"C Akg\u00fcl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akg\u00fcl C, Rubin D, Napel S, Beaulieu C, Greenspan H, Acar B: Content-based image retrieval in radiology: current status and future directions. J Digit Imaging 24(2):202\u2013222, 2011","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"9495_CR10","unstructured":"Zhao CG, Cheng HY, Huo YL, Zhuang TG: Liver CT-image retrieval based on Gabor texture. In EMBS, 2004"},{"key":"9495_CR11","unstructured":"Lee C-C, Chen S-H, Tsai H-M, Chung P-C, Chiang Y-C: Discrimination of liver diseases from CT images based on Gabor filters. In the 19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems, 2006"},{"key":"9495_CR12","unstructured":"El-Gendy MM, El-Zahraa Bou-Chadi F: An automated system for classifying computed tomographic liver images. In National Radio Science Conference, 2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"9495_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-005-4635-4","volume":"62","author":"M Varma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Varma M, Zisserman A: A statistical approach to texture classification from single images. Int J Comput Vis 62(1):61\u201381, 2005","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"issue":"11","key":"9495_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.182","volume":"31","author":"V Manik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manik V, Andrew Z: A statistical approach to material classification using image patch exemplars. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 31(11):2032\u20132047, 2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"9495_CR15","unstructured":"Li F-F, Perona P: A bayesian hierarchical model for learning natural scene categories. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2005"},{"key":"9495_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winn J, Criminisi A, Minka T: Object categorization by learned universal visual dictionary. In International Conference on Computer Vision, 2005","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2005.171"},{"issue":"7","key":"9495_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.70755","volume":"30","author":"P Florent","year":"2008","unstructured":"Florent P: Universal and adapted vocabularies for generic visual categorization. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 30(7):1243\u20131256, 2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"4","key":"9495_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2009.08.004","volume":"114","author":"JC Gemert van","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Gemert JC, Snoek CGM, Veenman CJ, Smeulders AWM, Geusebroek J-M: Comparing compact codebooks for visual categorization. Computer Vision and Image Understanding 114(4):450\u2013462, 2010","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding"},{"issue":"3","key":"9495_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-009-0285-2","volume":"87","author":"H J\u00e9gou","year":"2011","unstructured":"J\u00e9gou H, Douze M, Schmid C: Improving bag-of-features for large scale image search. Int J Comput Vis 87(3):316\u2013336, 2011","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"9495_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avni U, Greenspan H, Sharon M, Konen E, Goldberger J: X-ray image categorization and retrieval using patch-based visual words representation. In the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, 2009","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBI.2009.5193056"},{"issue":"2","key":"9495_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-007-9092-x","volume":"22","author":"T Deserno","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deserno T, Antani S, Long R: Ontology of gaps in content-based image retrieval. J Digit Imaging 22(2):202\u2013215, 2009","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"9495_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.132","volume":"32","author":"JC Gemert van","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Gemert JC, Veenman CJ, Smeulders AWM, Geusebroek J-M: Visual Word Ambiguity. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 32(7):1271\u20131283, 2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"2","key":"9495_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94","volume":"60","author":"DG Lowe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lowe DG: Distinctive image features from scale-Invariant keypoints. Int J Comput Vis 60(2):91\u2013110, 2004","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"9495_CR24","unstructured":"Coates A, Lee H, Ng AY: An analysis of single-layer networks in unsupervised feature learning. In the 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS), 2011"},{"key":"9495_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wojcikiewicz W, Binder A, Kawanabe M: Enhancing image classification with class-wise clustered vocabularies. In the 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2010","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2010.265"},{"key":"9495_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang J, Yang J, Yu K, Lv F, Huang T, Gong Y: Locality-constrained Linear Coding for Image Classification. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2010","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5540018"},{"issue":"5","key":"9495_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2006.05.013","volume":"25","author":"H Chang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chang H, Yeung D-Y: Kernel-based distance metric learning for content-based image retrieval. Image and Vision Computing 25(5):695\u2013703, 2007","journal-title":"Image and Vision Computing"},{"key":"9495_CR28","first-page":"1027","volume":"8","author":"S Masashi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Masashi S: Dimensionality reduction of multimodal labeled data by local Fisher discriminant analysis. J Mach Learn Res 8:1027\u20131061, 2007","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"9495_CR29","unstructured":"Xing EP, Ng AY, Jordan MI, Russell SJ: Distance metric learning with application to clustering with side-information. In Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS), 2002"},{"key":"9495_CR30","first-page":"207","volume":"10","author":"KQ Weinberger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weinberger KQ, Saul LK: Distance metric learning for large margin nearest neighbor classification. J Mach Learn Res 10:207\u2013244, 2009","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"9495_CR31","unstructured":"Alipanahi B, Biggs M, Ghodsi A: Distance metric learning vs. Fisher discriminant analysis. In the 23rd national conference on Artificial intelligence, 2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"9495_CR32","first-page":"2199","volume":"11","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Dai G, Xu C, Jordan MI: Regularized discriminant analysis, ridge regression and beyond. J Mach Learn Res 11(3):2199\u20132228, 2010","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"9495_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perronnin F, Senchez J, Xerox Y: Large-scale image categorization with explicit data embedding. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2010","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5539914"},{"key":"9495_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vedaldi A, Zisserman A: Efficient additive kernels via explicit feature maps. In IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2010","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5539949"},{"issue":"8","key":"9495_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1109\/34.531803","volume":"18","author":"BS Manjunath","year":"1996","unstructured":"Manjunath BS, Ma WY: Texture features for browsing and retrieval of image data. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 18(8):837\u2013842, 1996","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"}],"container-title":["Journal of Digital Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10278-012-9495-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10278-012-9495-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10278-012-9495-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,29]],"date-time":"2019-06-29T22:36:14Z","timestamp":1561847774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10278-012-9495-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,13]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9495"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10278-012-9495-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-1889","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-727X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,13]]}}}