{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:35:54Z","timestamp":1774438554705,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597017600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005075","name":"University Medical Center Groningen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Digit Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The developments in Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance allow visualization of blood flow in vivo using these techniques. However, validation tests are needed to determine a gold standard. For the validation tests, controllable systems that can generate pulsatile flow are needed. In this study, we aimed to develop an affordable pulsatile pump and an artificial circulatory system to simulate the blood flow for validation purposes. Initially, the prerequisites for the phantom were pulsating flow output equal to that of the human cardiac pulse pattern; the flow pattern of the mimicked cardiac output should be equal to that of a human, a variable stroke volume (40\u2013120\u00a0ml\/beat), and a variable heart rate (60\u2013170\u00a0bpm). The developed phantom setup was tested with CT scanner. A washout profile was created based on the image intensity of the selected slice. The test was successful for a heart rate of 70\u00a0bpm and a stroke volume of 68\u00a0ml, but the system failed to work at various heartbeats and stroke volumes. This was due to the problems with software of the microcontroller. As conclusion in this study, we present a proof of concept for a pulsatile heart phantom pump that can be used in validation tests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-020-00375-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]],"date-time":"2020-08-10T22:02:44Z","timestamp":1597096964000},"page":"1301-1305","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Design, Implementation, and Validation of a Pulsatile Heart Phantom Pump"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Volkan","family":"Tuncay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Zijlstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Matthijs","family":"Oudkerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8995-1210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter M. A","family":"van Ooijen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"375_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0000000000000129","volume":"26","author":"P Krishnan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krishnan P, Murphy A, and Aviv RI: CT-based Techniques for Brain Perfusion. Top Magn Reson Imaging 26:(3): p. 113-119, 2017","journal-title":"Top Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"375_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2014.15.5.554","volume":"15","author":"GH Jahng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jahng GH, et al: Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging: a comprehensive update on principles and techniques. Korean J Radiol. 15:(5): p. 554-77, 2014","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"375_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5787","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4929552","volume":"42","author":"Y Yue","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yue Y, et al: Geometric validation of self-gating k-space-sorted 4D-MRI vs 4D-CT using a respiratory motion phantom. Med Phys 42:(10): p. 5787-97, 2015","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"375_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markenroth Bloch K, T\u00f6ger J, St\u00e5hlberg F. Investigation of cerebrospinal fluid flow in the cerebral aqueduct using high-resolution phase contrast measurements at 7T MRI. Acta Radiol 59:(8):988\u2013996,2018","DOI":"10.1177\/0284185117740762"},{"issue":"17","key":"375_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5633","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/57\/17\/5633","volume":"57","author":"SJ Okrasinski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okrasinski SJ, Ramachandran B, and Konofagou EE: Assessment of myocardial elastography performance in phantoms under combined physiologic motion configurations with preliminary in vivo feasibility. Phys Med Biol 57:(17): p. 5633-50, 2012","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"375_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2012.04.008","volume":"30","author":"S Fortune","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fortune S, et al: Development and characterization of rodent cardiac phantoms: comparison with in vivo cardiac imaging. Magn Reson Imaging 30:(8): p. 1186-91, 2012","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"7","key":"375_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12809","volume":"41","author":"PGM Knoops","year":"2017","unstructured":"Knoops PGM, et al: A Mock Circulatory System Incorporating a Compliant 3D-Printed Anatomical Model to Investigate Pulmonary Hemodynamics. Artif Organs 41: (7) p. 637-646, 2017","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"issue":"9","key":"375_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.03.019","volume":"35","author":"JR Blake","year":"2009","unstructured":"Blake JR, Easson WJ, and Hoskins PR: A dual-phantom system for validation of velocity measurements in stenosis models under steady flow. Ultrasound Med Biol 35:(9): p. 1510-24, 2009","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"375_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4431","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4954205","volume":"43","author":"JV Grice","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grice JV, Pickens DR, and Price RR: Technical Note: A new phantom design for routine testing of Doppler ultrasound. Med Phys 43:(7): p. 4431, 2016","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"7","key":"375_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-015-0700-4","volume":"31","author":"BP Ziemer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ziemer BP, et al: Dynamic CT perfusion measurement in a cardiac phantom. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 31:(7): p. 1451-9, 2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"375_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000613","volume":"41","author":"D Caruso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Caruso D, et al: Optimizing Contrast Media Injection Protocols in Computed Tomography Angiography at Different Tube Voltages: Evaluation in a Circulation Phantom. J Comput Assist Tomogr 41: (5): p. 804-810, 2017","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"375_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hiai, K. nakato, T. Yoneda; Kumamoto\/JP: A vascular phantom study: Comparison between 3D TOF MRA at 3T and CTA of intracranial aneurysms. ECR. Poster Number: C-2675, 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1594\/ecr2010\/C-2675","DOI":"10.1594\/ecr2010\/C-2675"},{"key":"375_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shepard L, Sommer K, Izzo R, et al. Initial Simulated FFR Investigation Using Flow Measurements in Patient-specific 3D Printed Coronary Phantoms. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 10138:101380S, 2017","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2253889"},{"issue":"2","key":"375_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.22468\/cvia.2018.00248","volume":"3","author":"SW Youn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Youn SW, et al: Ideal Bolus Geometry Predicted from In vitro Pulsatile Flow Phantom and Artificial Neural Networks for the Optimization of Image Acquisition Protocols for Aortic Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Angiography. Cardiovascular Imaging Asia 3: (2): p. 35, 2019","journal-title":"Cardiovascular Imaging Asia"}],"container-title":["Journal of Digital Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10278-020-00375-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10278-020-00375-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10278-020-00375-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:21:00Z","timestamp":1628554860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10278-020-00375-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["375"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10278-020-00375-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0897-1889","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-727X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 July 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}