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From a practical perspective, PACS specific security measures must be implemented together with the measures applicable to the IT infrastructure as a whole, in order to prevent incidents such as PACS systems exposed to access from the Internet. Therefore, the article first offers an overview of the physical, technical and organizational mitigation measures that are proposed in literature on cybersecurity in healthcare information technology in general, followed by an overview on publications discussing specific cybersecurity topics that apply to PACS and medical imaging and present the \u201cbuilding blocks\u201d for a secure PACS environment available in the literature. These include image de-identification, transport security, the selective encryption of the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) header, encrypted DICOM files, digital signatures and watermarking techniques. The article concludes with a discussion of gaps in the body of published literature and a summary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-020-00393-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T20:02:40Z","timestamp":1604001760000},"page":"1527-1542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Cybersecurity in PACS and Medical Imaging: an Overview"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8590-3318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Eichelberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Kleber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"K\u00e4mmerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"393_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"EUROPOL European Cybercrime Center, \u201cInternet Organised Crime Threat Assessment 2018,\u201d [https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2813\/858843].","DOI":"10.2813\/858843"},{"key":"393_CR2","unstructured":"\u201cHow to Protect Your Networks from Ransomware,\u201d US Government interagency technical guidance document, 2016. 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