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Inform. med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF), the current standard relies on preoperative CT imaging and often incorporates ultrasound (US) imaging. As an alternative, mixed reality (MR) technology holds promise for improving rib fracture localization. This study presents an MR-based visualization system designed for SSRF in a clinical setting.\u00a0We developed RibMR \u2013 a visualization system using an MR head-mounted display that projects a patient-specific 3D hologram onto the patient. RibMR enables the localization of rib fractures in relation to the patient\u2019s anatomy. We conducted phantom study using a human mannequin, a preclinical study with two healthy patients, and clinical study with two patients to evaluate RibMR and compared it to US practice.\u00a0RibMR localized rib fractures with an average accuracy of 0.38\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21 cm in phantom, 3.75\u2009\u00b1\u20092.45 cm in preclinical, and 1.47\u2009\u00b1\u20091.33 cm in clinical studies. RibMR took an average time (minutes) of 4.42\u2009\u00b1\u20090.98 for the phantom, 8.03\u2009\u00b1\u20093.67 for the preclinical, and 8.76\u2009\u00b1\u20090.65 for the clinical studies. Compared to US, RibMR located more fractures, including fractures occluded by other structures, with higher accuracy, faster speed, and improved localization rate. All participating surgeons provided positive feedback regarding accuracy, visualization quality, and usability.\u00a0RibMR enabled accurate and time-efficient localization of rib fractures and showed better performance compared to US. RibMR is a promising alternative to US for localizing rib fractures in SSRF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-024-01332-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T12:24:00Z","timestamp":1734697440000},"page":"3279-3293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["RibMR \u2013 A Mixed Reality Visualization System for Rib Fracture Localization in Surgical Stabilization of Rib Fractures: Phantom, Preclinical, and Clinical Studies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Hoijoon","family":"Jung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jineel","family":"Raythatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Moghadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5960-1060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinman","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1332_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. 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Javan, \u201cHead-mounted display augmented reality to guide pedicle screw placement utilizing computed tomography,\u201d Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg., pp. 1\u201311, (2018).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-018-1814-7"},{"key":"1332_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R. Moreta\u2010Martinez, D. Garc\u00eda\u2010Mato, M. Garc\u00eda\u2010Sevilla, R. P\u00e9rez\u2010Ma\u00f1anes, J. Calvo\u2010Haro, and J. Pascau, \"Augmented reality in computer\u2010assisted interventions based on patient\u2010specific 3D printed reference,\" Healthc. Technol. Lett., vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 162\u2013166, (2018).","DOI":"10.1049\/htl.2018.5072"},{"key":"1332_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Gsaxner et al., \"Augmented reality for head and neck carcinoma imaging: Description and feasibility of an instant calibration, markerless approach,\" Comput. 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Approval was granted by\u00a0the\u00a0Ethics Committee of the Western Sydney Local Health District (2021\/ETH00209).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The participants have consented to the submission of their data to the journal.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}},{"value":"Author H. J., J. R., A. M., G. J., J. M., and J. K. declare they have no financial interests. Author J. H. receives consultant honoraria from DePuy Synthes, AcuMed, and Medical and Optical.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial interests"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant non-financial interests to disclose.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Non-financial interests"}}]}}