{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T23:02:32Z","timestamp":1771455752705,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]],"date-time":"2019-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546387200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31760287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31760287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31400902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31400902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["31571147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31571147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Humanity and Social Science Youth foundation of Ministry of Education of China","award":["Humanity"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Humanity"]}]},{"name":"Humanity and Social Science Youth foundation of Ministry of Education of China","award":["Social Science Youth foundation of Ministry of Education of China"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Social Science Youth foundation of Ministry of Education of China"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cogn Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-018-0899-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]],"date-time":"2019-01-02T06:51:30Z","timestamp":1546411890000},"page":"339-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Higher social power increases occupational gender stereotyping in Chinese culture"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xiaobin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"899_CR1","volume-title":"The nature of prejudice","author":"GW Allport","year":"1954","unstructured":"Allport GW (1954) The nature of prejudice. Addison-Wesley, Reading"},{"key":"899_CR2","first-page":"253","volume-title":"Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology","author":"JA Bargh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bargh JA, Chartrand TL (2000) The mind in the middle: a practical guide to priming and automaticity research. In: Reis HT, Judd CM (eds) Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 253\u2013285"},{"key":"899_CR3","volume-title":"Transformational leadership: individual, military and educational impact","author":"BM Bass","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bass BM (1998) Transformational leadership: individual, military and educational impact. Mahwah, Erlbaum"},{"issue":"4","key":"899_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.66.4.621","volume":"66","author":"GV Bodenhausen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bodenhausen GV, Kramer GP, S\u00fcsser K (1994) Happiness and stereotypic thinking in social judgment. J Personal Soc Psychol 66(4):621\u2013632. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.66.4.621","journal-title":"J Personal Soc Psychol"},{"key":"899_CR5","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Advances in social cognition","author":"MB Brewer","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brewer MB (1988) A dual process model of impression formation. In: Srull TK, Wyer RS (eds) Advances in social cognition. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp 177\u2013183"},{"issue":"6","key":"899_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.93.6.1040","volume":"93","author":"P Brinol","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brinol P, Petty RE, Valle C, Rucker DD, Becerra A (2007) The effects of message recipients\u2019 power before and after persuasion: a self-validation analysis. J Personal Soc Psychol 93(6):1040\u20131050. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.93.6.1040","journal-title":"J Personal Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"899_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.22.4.391.38296","volume":"22","author":"S Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen S, Ybarra O, Kiefer AK (2004) Power and impression formation: the effect of power on the desire for morality and competence information. Soc Cognit 22(4):241\u2013391. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1521\/soco.22.4.391.38296","journal-title":"Soc Cognit"},{"issue":"4","key":"899_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035621","volume":"106","author":"HM Claypool","year":"2014","unstructured":"Claypool HM, Bernstein MJ (2014) Social exclusion and stereotyping: Why and when exclusion fosters individuation of others. J Personal Soc Psychol 106(4):571\u2013589. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0035621","journal-title":"J Personal Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"899_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2003.07.004","volume":"40","author":"CKW Dreu De","year":"2004","unstructured":"De Dreu CKW, Van Kleef GA (2004) The influence of power on the information search, impression formation, and demands in negotiation. J Exp Soc Psychol 40(3):303\u2013319. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jesp.2003.07.004","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"899_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1031(86)90039-9","volume":"22","author":"JF Dovidio","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dovidio JF, Evans N, Tyler RB (1986) Racial stereotypes: the contents of their cognitive representations. J Exp Soc Psychol 22(1):22\u201337. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-1031(86)90039-9","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"899_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2307\/2089716","volume":"27","author":"RM Emerson","year":"1962","unstructured":"Emerson RM (1962) Power-dependence relations. Am Soc Rev 27(1):31\u201341. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2089716","journal-title":"Am Soc Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"899_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.48.6.621","volume":"48","author":"ST Fiske","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fiske ST (1993) Controlling other people: the impact of power on stereotyping. Am Psychol 48(6):621\u2013628. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066X.48.6.621","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"899_CR13","first-page":"181","volume-title":"The use and abuse of power: multiple perspectives on the causes of corruption","author":"ST Fiske","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fiske ST (2001) Effects of power on bias: power explains and maintains individual, group, and societal disparities. In: Lee-Chai AY, Bargh JA (eds) The use and abuse of power: multiple perspectives on the causes of corruption. Psychology Press, New York, pp 181\u2013193"},{"key":"899_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/14792779443000094","volume":"7","author":"ST Fiske","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fiske ST, D\u00e9pret E (1996) Control, interdependence and power: understanding social cognition in its social context. Eur Rev Soc Psychol 7:31\u201361. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14792779443000094","journal-title":"Eur Rev Soc Psychol"},{"key":"899_CR15","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Advances in experimental social psychology","author":"ST Fiske","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fiske ST, Neuberg SL (1990) A continuum model of impression formation: from category-based to individuating processes as a function of information, motivation, and attention. In: Zanna MP (ed) Advances in experimental social psychology. Academic Press, New York, pp 1\u201374"},{"issue":"1","key":"899_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014484","volume":"138","author":"J F\u00f6rster","year":"2009","unstructured":"F\u00f6rster J (2009) Relations between perceptual and conceptual scope: How global versus local processing fits a focus on similarity versus dissimilarity. J Exp Psychol Gen 138(1):88\u2013111. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0014484","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"issue":"4","key":"899_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01243.x","volume":"54","author":"SA Goodwin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Goodwin SA, Operario D, Fiske ST (1998) Situational power and interpersonal dominance facilitate bias and inequality. J Soc Issues 54(4):677\u2013698. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01243.x","journal-title":"J Soc Issues"},{"issue":"3","key":"899_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1368430200003003001","volume":"3","author":"SA Goodwin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goodwin SA, Gubin A, Fiske ST, Yzerbyt VY (2000) Power can bias impression processes: stereotyping subordinates by default and by design. Group Process Intergroup 3(3):227\u2013256. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1368430200003003001","journal-title":"Group Process Intergroup"},{"issue":"5","key":"899_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2006.06.008","volume":"43","author":"A Guinote","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guinote A (2007a) Power affects basic cognition: increased attentional inhibition and flexibility. J Exp Soc Psychol 43(5):685\u2013697. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jesp.2006.06.008","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"899_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167207301011","volume":"33","author":"A Guinote","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guinote A (2007b) Power and goal pursuit. Personal Soc Psychol B 33(8):1076\u20131087. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0146167207301011","journal-title":"Personal Soc Psychol B"},{"key":"899_CR21","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Social psychology: handbook of basic principles","author":"ET Higgins","year":"1996","unstructured":"Higgins ET (1996) Knowledge activation: accessibility, applicability, and stimulus salience. In: Higgins ET, Kruglanski AW (eds) Social psychology: handbook of basic principles. Guilford Press, New York, pp 133\u2013168"},{"issue":"2","key":"899_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.110.2.265","volume":"110","author":"D Keltner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Keltner D, Gruenfeld DH, Anderson C (2003) Power, approach, and inhibition. Psychol Rev 110(2):265\u2013284. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.110.2.265","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"899_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02479.x","volume":"20","author":"J Lammers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lammers J, Stoker JI, Stapel DA (2009) Differentiating social and personal power opposite effects on stereotyping, but parallel effects on behavioral approach tendencies. Psychol Sci 20(12):1543\u20131549. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02479.x","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"899_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1998.tb01171.x","volume":"37","author":"JP Leyens","year":"1998","unstructured":"Leyens JP, Dardenne B, Fiske ST (1998) Why and under what circumstances is a hypothesis-consistent testing strategy preferred in interviews? Br J Soc Psychol 37(3):259\u2013274. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-8309.1998.tb01171.x","journal-title":"Br J Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"899_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026108","volume":"102","author":"SM McCrea","year":"2012","unstructured":"McCrea SM, Wieber F, Myers AL (2012) Construal level mind-sets moderate self- and social stereotyping. J Personal Soc Psychol 102(1):51\u201368. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0026108","journal-title":"J Personal Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"899_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1027\/1864-9335\/a000183","volume":"45","author":"F M\u00fcller","year":"2014","unstructured":"M\u00fcller F, Rothermund K (2014) What does it take to activate stereotypes? Simple primes don\u2019t seem enough. Soc Psychol 45(3):187\u2013193. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1864-9335\/a000183","journal-title":"Soc Psychol"},{"key":"899_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.106.3.226","volume":"106","author":"JH Neely","year":"1977","unstructured":"Neely JH (1977) Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory: roles of inhibitionless spreading activation and limited capacity attention. J Exp Psychol Gen 106:226\u2013254. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-3445.106.3.226","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"},{"key":"899_CR28","first-page":"19","volume-title":"The social psychology of power","author":"JR Overbeck","year":"2010","unstructured":"Overbeck JR (2010) Concepts and historical perspectives on power. In: Guinote A, Vescio TK (eds) The social psychology of power. Guilford Press, New York, pp 19\u201345"},{"issue":"4","key":"899_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.4.549","volume":"81","author":"JR Overbeck","year":"2001","unstructured":"Overbeck JR, Park B (2001) When power does not corrupt: superior individuation processes among powerful perceivers. J Personal Soc Psychol 81(4):549\u2013565. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.81.4.549","journal-title":"J Personal Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"899_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1052","volume":"4","author":"C Ranganath","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ranganath C, Rainer G (2003) Neural mechanisms for detecting and remembering novel events. Nat Rev Neurosci 4(3):193\u2013202. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1052","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"899_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1052","volume":"45","author":"DD Rucker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rucker DD, Galinsky AD (2009) Conspicuous consumption versus utilitarian ideals: How different levels of power shape consumer behavior. J Exp Soc Psychol 45(3):549\u2013555. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1052","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"899_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.90.4.578","volume":"90","author":"PK Smith","year":"2006","unstructured":"Smith PK, Trope Y (2006) You focus on the forest when you\u2019re in charge of the trees: power priming and abstract information processing. J Personal Soc Psychol 90(4):578\u2013596. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.90.4.578","journal-title":"J Personal Soc Psychol"},{"key":"899_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-088579-7.50010-7","volume-title":"Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: interactive processes in group perception","author":"WG Stephan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stephan WG, Stephan CW (1993) Cognition and affect in stereotyping: parallel interactive networks. In: Mackie DM, Hamilton DH (eds) Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: interactive processes in group perception. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 111\u2013136"},{"key":"899_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.20.4.799","volume":"20","author":"J Theeuwes","year":"1994","unstructured":"Theeuwes J (1994) Stimulus-driven capture and attentional set: selective search for color and visual abrupt onsets. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 20:799\u2013806. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-1523.20.4.799","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"issue":"5","key":"899_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2011.04.003","volume":"47","author":"CJ Torelli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Torelli CJ, Shavitt S (2011) The impact of power on information processing depends on cultural orientation. J Exp Soc Psychol 47(5):959\u2013967. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jesp.2011.04.003","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"899_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.351","volume":"36","author":"M Dijke Van","year":"2006","unstructured":"Van Dijke M, Poppe M (2006) Striving for personal power as a basis for social power dynamics. Eur J Soc Psychol 36(4):537\u2013556. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejsp.351","journal-title":"Eur J Soc Psychol"},{"key":"899_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhang J, Xu ZY, Xu Z (2008) Risk dominance strategy in imperfect information multi-player game. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on intelligent systems design and applications, vol 2, pp 596\u2013601. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/isda.2008.228","DOI":"10.1109\/isda.2008.228"},{"key":"899_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-006-9078-z","volume":"55","author":"M White","year":"2006","unstructured":"White M, White G (2006) Implicit and explicit occupational gender stereotypes. Sex Roles 55:259\u2013266. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11199-006-9078-z","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"899_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-8791(89)90021-3","volume":"34","author":"M White","year":"1998","unstructured":"White M, Kruczek T, Brown M (1998) Occupational sex stereotypes among college students. J Vocat Behav 34:289\u2013298. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0001-8791(89)90021-3","journal-title":"J Vocat Behav"},{"key":"899_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsp004","volume":"4","author":"KR White","year":"2009","unstructured":"White KR, Crites SL Jr, Taylor JH, Corral G (2009) Wait, What? Assessing stereotype incongruities using the N400 ERP component. Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci 4:191\u2013198. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scan\/nsp004","journal-title":"Soc Cognit Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"899_CR41","volume-title":"Attention","author":"S Yantis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yantis S (1998) Control of visual attention. In: Pashler H (ed) Attention. Psychology Press, Hove, UK"},{"issue":"1","key":"899_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/17470919.2016.1251965","volume":"13","author":"X Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang X, Li Q, Sun S, Zuo B (2018) The time course from gender categorization to gender-stereotype activation. Soc Neurosci 13(1):52\u201360. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17470919.2016.1251965","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Cognitive Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10339-018-0899-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10339-018-0899-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10339-018-0899-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T19:23:18Z","timestamp":1577906598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10339-018-0899-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["899"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10339-018-0899-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-4782","1612-4790"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-4782","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-4790","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 November 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 December 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}