{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T08:03:47Z","timestamp":1769846627580,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cogn Process"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-024-01197-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T16:01:47Z","timestamp":1715097707000},"page":"521-532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Analysis of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease using voxel based morphometry and radiomics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0050-9432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Sivaranjini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. M.","family":"Sujatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1197_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2015.09.034","volume":"22","author":"D Aarsland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aarsland D (2016) Cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 22:144\u2013148","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"1197_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2018.05.004","volume":"48","author":"N Amoroso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amoroso N, La Rocca M, Monaco A, Bellotti R, Tangaro S (2018) Complex networks reveal early MRI markers of Parkinson\u201fs disease. Med Image Anal 48:12\u201324","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"issue":"6","key":"1197_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2000.0582","volume":"11","author":"J Ashburner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ashburner J, Friston KJ (2000) Voxel-based morphometry-the methods. Neuroimage 11(6):805\u2013821","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1197_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.093849","volume":"78","author":"MK Beyer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Beyer MK, Janvin CC, Larsen JP, Aarsland D (2007) A magnetic resonance imaging study of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease with mild cognitive impairment and dementia using voxel-based morphometry. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78:254\u2013259","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1197_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq079","volume":"133","author":"NI Bohnen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bohnen NI, Muller ML, Kotagal V, Koeppe RA, Kilbourn MA, Albin RL, Frey KA (2010) Olfactory dysfunction, central cholinergic integrity and cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 133:1747\u20131754","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1197_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2003.08.008","volume":"184","author":"DJ Brooks","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brooks DJ, Frey KA, Marek KL, Oakes D, Paty D, Prentice R, Shults CW, Stoessl AJ (2003) Assessment of neuroimaging techniques as biomarkers of the progression of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Exp Neurol 184:68\u201379","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"1197_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai D, Zhang C, He X (2010) Unsupervised feature selection for multi-cluster data. In: Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, pp 333\u2013342","DOI":"10.1145\/1835804.1835848"},{"key":"1197_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00751","volume":"14","author":"X Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao X, Wang X, Xue C, Zhang S, Huang Q, Liu W (2020) A radiomics approach to predicting Parkinson\u2019s disease by incorporating whole-brain functional activity and gray matter structure. Front Neurosci 14:751","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"1197_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00167","volume":"11","author":"Z Cheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheng Z, Zhang J, He N, Li Y, Wen Y, Xu H, Tang R, Jin Z, Haacke EM, Yan F, Qian D (2019) Radiomic features of the nigrosome-1 region of the substantia nigra: using quantitative susceptibility mapping to assist the diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 11:167","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"15","key":"1197_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23362","volume":"25","author":"KL Chou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chou KL, Amick MM, Brandt J, Camicioli R, Frei K, Gitelman D, Goldman J, Growdon J, Hurtig HI, Levin B, Litvan I (2010) A recommended scale for cognitive screening in clinical trials of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mov Disord 25(15):2501\u20132507","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1197_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2018.08.017","volume":"309","author":"O Cigdem","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cigdem O, Demirel H (2018) Performance analysis of different classification algorithms using different feature selection methods on Parkinson\u2019s disease detection. J Neurosci Methods 309:81\u201390","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"1197_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000285","volume":"6","author":"AA Davis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Davis AA, Racette B (2016) Parkinson disease and cognitive impairment: five new things. Neurol Clin Pract 6(5):452\u2013458","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"1197_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00428","volume":"8","author":"F Farokhian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Farokhian F, Beheshti I, Sone D, Matsuda H (2017) Comparing CAT12 and VBM8 for detecting brain morphological abnormalities in temporal lobe epilepsy. Front Neurol 8:428","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"1197_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.05.006","volume":"76","author":"G Grolez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grolez G, Viard R, Lopes R, Kuchcinski G, Defebvre L, Devos D, Dujardin K, Moreau C (2020) Functional correlates of cognitive slowing in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 76:3\u20139","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"1197_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s11634-015-0227-5","volume":"12","author":"A Gul","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gul A, Perperoglou A, Khan Z, Mahmoud O, Miftahuddin M, Adler W, Lausen B (2018) Ensemble of a subset of kNN classifiers. Adv Data Anal Classif 12(4):827\u2013840","journal-title":"Adv Data Anal Classif"},{"key":"1197_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2018.09.009","volume":"144","author":"JM Hall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hall JM, Lewis SJ (2019) Neural correlates of cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a review of structural MRI findings. Int Rev Neurobiol 144:1\u201328","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1197_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05118.x","volume":"1184","author":"GM Halliday","year":"2010","unstructured":"Halliday GM, McCann H (2010) The progression of pathology in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 1184(1):188\u2013195","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"issue":"21","key":"1197_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c34b47","volume":"73","author":"S Hoops","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hoops S, Nazem S, Siderowf AD, Duda JE, Xie SX, Stern MB, Weintraub D (2009) Validity of the MoCA and MMSE in the detection of MCI and dementia in Parkinson disease. Neurology 73(21):1738\u20131745","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1197_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0147947","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147947","volume":"11","author":"L Hopes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hopes L, Grolez G, Moreau C, Lopes R, Ryckewaert G, Carri\u00e8re N, Auger F, Laloux C, Petrault M, Devedjian JC, Bordet R (2016) Magnetic resonance imaging features of the nigrostriatal system: biomarkers of Parkinson\u201fs disease stages? PLoS ONE 11(4):e0147947","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"1197_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac099","volume":"33","author":"H Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang H, Zheng S, Yang Z, Wu Y, Li Y, Qiu J, Cheng Y, Lin P, Lin Y, Guan J, Mikulis DJ (2023) Voxel-based morphometry and a deep learning model for the diagnosis of early Alzheimer\u2019s disease based on cerebral gray matter changes. Cereb Cortex 33(3):754\u2013763","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"1197_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.11.009","volume":"17","author":"X Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li X, Xing Y, Martin-Bastida A, Piccini P, Auer DP (2018) Patterns of grey matter loss associated with motor subscores in early Parkinson\u2019s disease. NeuroImage Clin 17:498\u2013504","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clin"},{"key":"1197_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175628641983868","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286419838682","volume":"12","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Jiang J, Lu J, Jiang J, Zhang H, Zuo C (2019) Radiomics: a novel feature extraction method for brain neuron degeneration disease using 18F-FDG PET imaging and its implementation for Alzheimer\u201fs disease and mild cognitive impairment. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 12:1756286419838682","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"1197_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0269787","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269787","volume":"17","author":"L Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li L, Ji B, Zhao T, Cui X, Chen J, Wang Z (2022) The structural changes of gray matter in Parkinson disease patients with mild cognitive impairments. PLoS ONE 17(7):e0269787","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"1197_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.09.005","volume":"95","author":"K Marek","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marek K, Jennings D, Lasch S, Siderowf A, Tanner C, Simuni T, Coffey C, Kieburtz K, Flagg E, Chowdhury S, Poewe W (2011) The Parkinson progression marker initiative (PPMI). Prog Neurobiol 95(4):629\u2013635","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1197_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x","volume":"53","author":"ZS Nasreddine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, B\u00e9dirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H (2005) The montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc 53(4):695\u2013699","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"1197_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2019.01.021","volume":"63","author":"K Nie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nie K, Gao Y, Mei M, Guo M, Huang Z, Wang L, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Wang L (2019) The clinical characteristics and cognitive features of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease and the analysis of relevant factors. J Clin Neurosci 63:142\u2013148","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"1197_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587250","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.587250","volume":"12","author":"H Pang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pang H, Yu Z, Li R, Yang H, Fan G (2020) MRI-based radiomics of basal nuclei in differentiating idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s disease from parkinsonian variants of multiple system atrophy: a susceptibility-weighted imaging study. Front Aging Neurosci 12:587250","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"17013","key":"1197_CR28","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"W Poewe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Poewe W, Seppi K, Tanner CM, Halliday GM, Brundin P, Volkmann J, Schrag AE, Lang AE (2017) Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 3(17013):1\u201321","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"1197_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00140","volume":"9","author":"JS Provost","year":"2015","unstructured":"Provost JS, Hanganu A, Monchi O (2015) Neuroimaging studies of the striatum in cognition Part I: healthy individual. Front Syst Neurosci 9:140","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"key":"1197_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.04.029","volume":"59","author":"AK Ramaniharan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ramaniharan AK, Manoharan SC, Swaminathan R (2016) Laplace Beltrami eigen value based classification of normal and Alzheimer MR images using parametric and non-parametric classifiers. Expert Syst Appl 59:208\u2013216","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"1197_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e85595","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085595","volume":"9","author":"I Rektorova","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rektorova I, Biundo R, Marecek R, Weis L, Aarsland D, Antonini A (2014) Grey matter changes in cognitively impaired Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. PLoS ONE 9(1):e85595","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1197_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.11.016","volume":"222","author":"C Salvatore","year":"2014","unstructured":"Salvatore C, Cerasa A, Castiglioni I, Gallivanone F, Augimeri A, Lopez M, Arabia G, Morelli M, Gilardi MC, Quattrone A (2014) Machine learning on brain MRI data for differential diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. J Neurosci Methods 222:230\u2013237","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"1197_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00394","volume":"9","author":"F Sampedro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sampedro F, Mar\u00edn-Lahoz J, Mart\u00ednez-Horta S, Pagonabarraga J, Kulisevsky J (2018) Early gray matter volume loss in MAPT H1H1 de Novo PD patients: a possible association with cognitive decline. Front Neurol 9:394","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1197_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-020-02219-6","volume":"127","author":"M Siciliano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Siciliano M, De Micco R, Giordano A, Di Nardo F, Russo A, Caiazzo G, De Mase A, Cirillo M, Tedeschi G, Trojano L, Tessitore A (2020) Supplementary motor area functional connectivity in \u201cdrug-na\u00efve\u201d Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with fatigue. J Neural Transm 127(8):1133\u20131142","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"1","key":"1197_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-316213","volume":"89","author":"T Simuni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simuni T, Caspell-Garcia C, Coffey CS, Weintraub D, Mollenhauer B, Lasch S, Tanner CM, Jennings D, Kieburtz K, Chahine LM, Marek K (2018) Baseline prevalence and longitudinal evolution of non-motor symptoms in early Parkinson\u2019s disease: the PPMI cohort. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 89(1):78\u201388","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1197_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-021-09671-4","volume":"15","author":"S Sivaranjini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sivaranjini S, Sujatha CM (2021) Morphological analysis of subcortical structures for assessment of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s disease using multi-atlas based segmentation. Cogn Neurodyn 15(5):835\u2013845","journal-title":"Cogn Neurodyn"},{"key":"1197_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136083","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2021.136083","volume":"760","author":"D Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun D, Wu X, Xia Y, Wu F, Geng Y, Zhong W, Zhang W, Guo D, Li C (2021) Differentiating Parkinson\u2019s disease motor subtypes: a radiomics analysis based on deep gray nuclear lesion and white matter. Neurosci Lett 760:136083","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1197_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-008-9055-0","volume":"18","author":"AI Tr\u00f6ster","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tr\u00f6ster AI (2008) Neuropsychological characteristics of dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson\u2019s disease with dementia: differentiation, early detection, and implications for \u201cmild cognitive impairment\u201d and biomarkers. Neuropsychol Rev 18:103\u2013119","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"issue":"14","key":"1197_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5471","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/60\/14\/5471","volume":"60","author":"M Valli\u00e8res","year":"2015","unstructured":"Valli\u00e8res M, Freeman CR, Skamene SR, El Naqa I (2015) A radiomics model from joint FDG-PET and MRI texture features for the prediction of lung metastases in soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities. Phys Med Biol 60(14):5471","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"1197_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2019.09.015","volume":"123","author":"AF Wolters","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wolters AF, Moonen AJ, Lopes R, Leentjens AF, Duits AA, Defebvre L, Delmaire C, Hofman PA, Van Bussel FC, Dujardin K (2020) Grey matter abnormalities are associated only with severe cognitive decline in early stages of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Cortex 123:1\u20131","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"1197_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws360","volume":"136","author":"T Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu T, Hallett M (2013) The cerebellum in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 136(3):696\u2013709","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"23","key":"1197_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.11.26","volume":"7","author":"Y Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu Y, Jiang JH, Chen L, Lu JY, Ge JJ, Liu FT, Yu JT, Lin W, Zuo CT, Wang J (2019) Use of radiomic features and support vector machine to distinguish Parkinson\u2019s disease cases from normal controls. Ann Transl Med 7(23):773","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"1197_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.121625","volume":"8","author":"J Xia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xia J, Miu J, Ding H, Wang X, Chen H, Wang J, Wu J, Zhao J, Huang H, Tian W (2013) Changes of brain gray matter structure in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with dementia. Neural Regener Res 8(14):1276\u20131285","journal-title":"Neural Regener Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"1197_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.215","volume":"33","author":"H Zeng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zeng H, Cheung YM (2011) Feature selection and kernel learning for local learning-based clustering. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 33(8):1532\u20131547","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"}],"container-title":["Cognitive Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10339-024-01197-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10339-024-01197-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10339-024-01197-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T16:03:15Z","timestamp":1721836995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10339-024-01197-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10339-024-01197-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1612-4782","1612-4790"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1612-4782","type":"print"},{"value":"1612-4790","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments after approval of the local ethics committees of the sites participating to the Parkinson\u2019s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). PPMI is a multicentric longitudinal study. Detailed information is available at . The relevant local institutional review boards approved the PPMI protocol and written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to inclusion. The approval for the use of the data in the current study was given by the Parkinson\u2019s Progression Markers Initiative. No additional ethics approval was required from the local ethics committee where data was analysed.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}