{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T18:11:25Z","timestamp":1758823885582},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,10]],"date-time":"2009-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Auton Agent Multi-Agent Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-009-9097-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,9]],"date-time":"2009-05-09T04:17:26Z","timestamp":1241842646000},"page":"50-69","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Glances, glares, and glowering: how should a virtual human express emotion through gaze?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Brent","family":"Lance","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Marsella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"9097_CR1","unstructured":"Amaya, K., Bruderlin, A., & Calvert, T. (1996). Emotion from motion. In Proceedings of the conference on graphics interface \u201996 (pp. 222\u2013229). Canada: Canadian Information Processing Society Toronto, Ont., Canada."},{"key":"9097_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bickmore, T., & Cassell, J. (2005). Social dialogue with embodied conversational agents. In Advances in natural multimodal dialogue systems. Text, speech, and language technology (pp. 23\u201354). Netherlands: Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/1-4020-3933-6_2"},{"key":"9097_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brand, M., & Hertzmann, A. (2000). Style machines. In Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques (pp. 183\u2013192).","DOI":"10.1145\/344779.344865"},{"issue":"2","key":"9097_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10919-005-2743-z","volume":"29","author":"D.R. Carney","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carney D.R., Hall J.A., LeBeau L.S. (2005) Beliefs about the nonverbal expression of social power. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 29(2): 105\u2013123","journal-title":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"9097_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JONB.0000023655.25550.be","volume":"28","author":"M. Coulson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Coulson M. (2004) Attributing emotion to static body postures: Recognition accuracy, confusions, and viewpoint dependence. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 28(2): 117\u2013139","journal-title":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"9097_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2005.35","volume":"25","author":"Z. Deng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Deng Z., Lewis J.P., Neumann U. (2005) Automated eye motion using texture synthesis. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 25(2): 24\u201330","journal-title":"IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications"},{"key":"9097_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ekman, P., & Rosenberg, E. L. (2005). What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the facial action coding system (FACS). USA: Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195179644.001.0001"},{"key":"9097_CR8","unstructured":"Gebhard, P. (2005). ALMA: A layered model of affect. In Proceedings of the fourth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems (pp. 29\u201336). New York, NY, USA: ACM."},{"issue":"5","key":"9097_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/vis.296","volume":"13","author":"M.F.P. Gillies","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gillies M.F.P., Dodgson N.A. (2002) Eye movements and attention for behavioural animation. The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation 13(5): 287\u2013300","journal-title":"The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation"},{"key":"9097_CR10","first-page":"14","volume":"2","author":"K. Grammer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grammer K., Oberzaucher E. (2006) The reconstruction of facial expressions in embodied systems. ZiF: Mitteilungen (2: 14\u201331","journal-title":"ZiF: Mitteilungen ("},{"key":"9097_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsu, E., Pulli, K., Popovic J. (2005). Style translation for human motion. In International conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques (pp. 1082\u20131089). New York, NY, USA: ACM Press.","DOI":"10.1145\/1186822.1073315"},{"key":"9097_CR12","unstructured":"Jiang, H. (2007). From rational to emotional agents. University of South Carolina."},{"issue":"1","key":"9097_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.100.1.78","volume":"100","author":"C. Kleinke","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kleinke C. (1986) Gaze and eye contact: A research review. Psychological Bulletin 100(1): 78\u2013100","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"9097_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74997-4_8","volume":"4722","author":"B. Lance","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lance B., Marsella S.C. (2007) Emotionally expressive head and body movement during gaze shifts. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4722: 72","journal-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science"},{"key":"9097_CR15","unstructured":"Lance, B. J., & Marsella, S. C. (2008). A model of gaze for the purpose of emotional expression in virtual embodied agents. In Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems (Vol. 1, pp. 199\u2013206). Richland, SC: International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems."},{"issue":"3","key":"9097_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1145\/566654.566629","volume":"21","author":"S.P. Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee S.P., Badler J.B., Badler N.I. (2002) Eyes alive. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 21(3): 637\u2013644","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)"},{"key":"9097_CR17","volume-title":"The neurology of eye movements","author":"R.J. Leigh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leigh R.J., Zee D.S. (2006) The neurology of eye movements. Oxford University Press, New York"},{"issue":"4","key":"9097_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00990296","volume":"13","author":"M. Meijer de","year":"1989","unstructured":"de Meijer M. (1989) The contribution of general features of body movement to the attribution of emotions. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 13(4): 247\u2013268","journal-title":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"9097_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023914509763","volume":"27","author":"A. Mignault","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mignault A., Chaudhuri A. (2003) The many faces of a neutral face: Head tilt and perception of dominance and emotion. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 27(2): 111\u2013132","journal-title":"Journal of Nonverbal Behavior"},{"key":"9097_CR20","unstructured":"Mehrabian, A. (1981). Silent messages: Implicit communication of emotions and attitudes. Wadsworth Pub. Co."},{"key":"9097_CR21","unstructured":"Metts, S., & Bowers, J. W. (1994). Emotion in interpersonal communication. In Handbook of interpersonal communication (2nd ed., pp. 508\u2013541). Sage Publications."},{"key":"9097_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pasch, M., & Poppe, R. (2007). Person or puppet? The role of stimulus realism in attributing emotion to static body postures. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 4738, 83.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74889-2_8"},{"key":"9097_CR23","unstructured":"Paterson, H. M., Pollick, F. E., & Sanford, A. J. (2001). The role of velocity in affect discrimination. In Twenty-third annual conference of the cognitive science society, Edinburgh."},{"key":"9097_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelachaud, C., & Bilvi, M. (2003). Modelling gaze behavior for conversational agents. In Intelligent virtual agents: 4th international workshop, IVA 2003. Springer Verlag.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39396-2_16"},{"key":"9097_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters, C., Pelachaud, C., Bevacqua, E., Mancini, M., & Poggi, I. (2005). A model of attention and interest using gaze behavior. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3661, 229.","DOI":"10.1007\/11550617_20"},{"key":"9097_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74997-4_25","volume":"4722","author":"A. Picot","year":"2007","unstructured":"Picot A., Bailly G., Elisei F., Raidt S. (2007) Scrutinizing natural scenes: Controlling the gaze of an embodied conversational agent. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4722: 272","journal-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"9097_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/088395199117315","volume":"13","author":"J. Rickel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rickel J., Johnson W.L. (1999) Animated agents for procedural training in virtual reality: Perception, cognition, and motor control. Applied Artificial Intelligence 13(4\u20135): 343\u2013382","journal-title":"Applied Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"9097_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.1995.81.2.673","volume":"81","author":"S.J. Schouwstra","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schouwstra S.J., Hoogstraten J. (1995) Head position and spinal position as determinants of perceived emotional state. Perceptual and Motor Skills 81(2): 673\u2013674","journal-title":"Perceptual and Motor Skills"},{"key":"9097_CR29","unstructured":"Shaarani, A. S., Romano, D. M. (2008). The intensity of perceived emotions in 3D virtual humans. In Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on autonomous agents and multiagent systems (Vol. 3, pp. 1261\u20131264). Richland, SC: International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems."},{"key":"9097_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0992(1998110)28:6<879::AID-EJSP901>3.0.CO;2-W","volume":"28","author":"H.G. Wallbott","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wallbott H.G. (1998) Bodily expression of emotion. European Journal of Social Psychology 28: 879\u2013896","journal-title":"European Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"9097_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Witkin, A., & Popovic, Z. (1995). Motion warping. In Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques (pp. 105\u2013108). New York, NY, USA: ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/218380.218422"}],"container-title":["Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10458-009-9097-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10458-009-9097-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10458-009-9097-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T01:34:36Z","timestamp":1589765676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10458-009-9097-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]}},"alternative-id":["9097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10458-009-9097-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2532","1573-7454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2532","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7454","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,10]]}}}