{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T17:37:53Z","timestamp":1764783473647},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,13]],"date-time":"2013-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Auton Agent Multi-Agent Syst"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-013-9219-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,12]],"date-time":"2013-01-12T05:46:37Z","timestamp":1357969597000},"page":"235-253","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Perceptual evaluation of backchannel strategies for artificial listeners"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Ronald","family":"Poppe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khiet P.","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Heylen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"9219_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.79.6.941","volume":"79","author":"JB Bavelas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bavelas, J. B., Coates, L., & Johnson, T. (2000). Listeners as co-narrators. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(6), 941\u2013952.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"9219_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02562.x","volume":"52","author":"JB Bavelas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bavelas, J. B., Coates, L., & Johnson, T. (2002). Listener responses as a collaborative process: The role of gaze. Journal of Communication, 52(3), 566\u2013580.","journal-title":"Journal of Communication"},{"key":"9219_CR3","unstructured":"Bertrand, R., Ferr\u00e9, G., Blache, P., Espesser, R., & Rauzy, S. (2007). Backchannels revisited from a multimodal perspective. Proceedings of Auditory-Visual Speech Processing (pp. 1\u20135). Hilvarenbeek, The Netherlands."},{"key":"9219_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bevacqua, E., Pammi, S., Hyniewska, S.J., Schr\u00f6der, M., & Pelachaud, C. (2010). Multimodal backchannels for embodied conversational agents. Proceedings of the International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents (IVA) (pp. 194\u2013200). Philadelphia.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15892-6_21"},{"key":"9219_CR5","unstructured":"Boersma, P., & Weenink, D. (2009). Praat: Doing phonetics by computer. Software. www.praat.org ."},{"issue":"5","key":"9219_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.37.5.728","volume":"37","author":"LJ Brunner","year":"1979","unstructured":"Brunner, L. J. (1979). Smiles can be back channels. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(5), 728\u2013734.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"9219_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cathcart, N., Carletta, J., & Klein, E. (2003). A shallow model of backchannel continuers in spoken dialogue. Proceedings of the Conference of the European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, vol. 1 (pp. 51\u201358). Budapest, Hungary.","DOI":"10.3115\/1067807.1067816"},{"key":"9219_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Kok, I., Ozkan, D., Heylen, D., & Morency, L.P. (2010). Learning and evaluating response prediction models using parallel listener consensus. Proceeding of International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces and the Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction (ICMI-MLMI) (p. A3). Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1145\/1891903.1891908"},{"key":"9219_CR9","unstructured":"de Kok, I., Poppe, R., & Heylen, D. (2012) Iterative perceptual learning for social behavior synthesis. Technical Report TR-CTIT-12-01, Enschede."},{"issue":"3","key":"9219_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1037\/h0024739","volume":"6","author":"AT Dittmann","year":"1967","unstructured":"Dittmann, A. T., & Llewellyn, L. G. (1967). The phonemic clause as a unit of speech decoding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6(3), 341\u2013349.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9219_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1037\/h0025722","volume":"9","author":"AT Dittmann","year":"1968","unstructured":"Dittmann, A. T., & Llewellyn, L. G. (1968). Relationship between vocalizations and head nods as listener responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9(1), 79\u201384.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9219_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1037\/h0033031","volume":"23","author":"S Duncan Jr","year":"1972","unstructured":"Duncan, S, Jr. (1972). Some signals and rules for taking speaking turns in conversations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 23(2), 283\u2013292.","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"9219_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1017\/S0047404500004322","volume":"3","author":"S Duncan Jr","year":"1974","unstructured":"Duncan, S, Jr. (1974). On the structure of speaker-auditor interaction during speaking turns. Language in Society, 3(2), 161\u2013180.","journal-title":"Language in Society"},{"key":"9219_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Granstr\u00f6m, B., House, D., & Swerts, M. (2002). Multimodal feedback cues in human-machine interactions. Proceedings of the International Conference on Speech Prosody (pp. 11\u201314). Aix-en-Provence, France.","DOI":"10.21437\/SpeechProsody.2002-72"},{"key":"9219_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gratch, J., Okhmatovskaia, A., Lamothe, F., Marsella, S., Morales, M., van der Werf, R.J., & Morency, L.P. (2006). Virtual rapport. Proceedings of the International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents (IVA) (pp. 14\u201327). Marina del Rey, CA.","DOI":"10.1007\/11821830_2"},{"key":"9219_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gravano, A., & Hirschberg, J. (2009). Backchannel-inviting cues in task-oriented dialogue. Proceedings of Interspeech (pp. 1019\u20131022). Brighton, UK.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2009-301"},{"key":"9219_CR17","unstructured":"Heylen, D., Bevacqua, E., Pelachaud, C., Poggi, I., Gratch, J., & Schr\u00f6der, M. (2011). Generating Listening Behaviour (Part 4). In: Emotion-oriented systems cognitive technologies, (pp. 321\u2013347) Springer."},{"key":"9219_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, L., Morency, L.P., & Gratch, J. (2010). Learning backchannel prediction model from parasocial consensus sampling: A subjective evaluation. Proceedings of the International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents (IVA) (pp. 159\u2013172). Philadelphia, PA.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15892-6_17"},{"key":"9219_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, L., Morency, L.P., & Gratch, J. (2011). Virtual rapport 2.0. Proceedings of the International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents (IVA) (pp. 68\u201379). Reykjavik, Iceland.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23974-8_8"},{"key":"9219_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonsdottir, G.R., Gratch, J., Fast, E., & Th\u00f3risson, K.R. (2007). Fluid semantic back-channel feedback in dialogue: Challenges and progress. Proceedings of the International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents (IVA) (pp. 154\u2013160). Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74997-4_15"},{"issue":"1","key":"9219_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(67)90005-4","volume":"26","author":"A Kendon","year":"1967","unstructured":"Kendon, A. (1967). Some functions of gaze direction in social interaction. Acta Psychologica, 26(1), 22\u201363.","journal-title":"Acta Psychologica"},{"issue":"3","key":"9219_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1527\/tjsai.20.220","volume":"20","author":"N Kitaoka","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kitaoka, N., Takeuchi, M., Nishimura, R., & Nakagawa, S. (2005). Response timing detection using prosodic and linguistic information for human-friendly spoken dialog systems. Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, 20(3), 220\u2013228.","journal-title":"Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"9219_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/002383099804100404","volume":"41","author":"H Koiso","year":"1998","unstructured":"Koiso, H., Horiuchi, Y., Tutiya, S., Ichikawa, A., & Den, Y. (1998). An analysis of turn-taking and backchannels based on prosodic and syntactic features in Japanese map task dialogs. Language and Speech, 41(3\u20134), 295\u2013321.","journal-title":"Language and Speech"},{"key":"9219_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maatman, M., Gratch, J., & Marsella, S. (2005). Natural behavior of a listening agent. Proceedings of the International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents (IVA) (pp. 25\u201336). Kos, Greece.","DOI":"10.1007\/11550617_3"},{"issue":"1","key":"9219_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-009-9092-y","volume":"20","author":"LP Morency","year":"2010","unstructured":"Morency, L. P., de Kok, I., & Gratch, J. (2010). A probabilistic multimodal approach for predicting listener backchannels. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, 20(1), 80\u201384.","journal-title":"Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems"},{"key":"9219_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noguchi, H., & Den, Y. (1998). Prosody-based detection of the context of backchannel responses. Proceedings of the International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP) (pp. 487\u2013490). Sydney, Australia.","DOI":"10.21437\/ICSLP.1998-71"},{"key":"9219_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okato, Y., Kato, K., Yamamoto, M., & Itahashi, S. (1996) Insertion of interjectory response based on prosodic information. Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop Interactive Voice Technology for Telecommunication Applications (pp. 85\u201388). Basking Ridge, NJ.","DOI":"10.1109\/IVTTA.1996.552766"},{"key":"9219_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poppe, R., ter Maat, M., & Heylen, D. (2012). Online behavior evaluation with the switching wizard of oz. Proceedings of the International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents (IVA) (pp. 486\u2013488). Santa Cruz, CA.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33197-8_54"},{"key":"9219_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poppe, R., Truong, K.P., & Heylen, D. (2011). Backchannels: Quantity, type and timing matters. Proceedings of the International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents (IVA) (pp. 228\u2013239). Reykjavik, Iceland.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-23974-8_25"},{"key":"9219_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poppe, R., Truong, K.P., Reidsma, D., & Heylen, D. (2010). Backchannel strategies for artificial listeners. Proceedings of the International Conference on Interactive Virtual Agents (IVA) (pp. 146\u2013158). Philadelphia, PA","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15892-6_16"},{"key":"9219_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Truong, K.P., Poppe, R., & Heylen, D. (2010). A rule-based backchannel prediction model using pitch and pause information. Proceedings of Interspeech (pp. 490\u2013493). Makuhari, Japan.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2010-59"},{"key":"9219_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Truong, K.P., Poppe, R., de Kok, I., & Heylen, D. (2011). A multimodal analysis of vocal and visual backchannels in spontaneous dialogs. Proceedings of Interspeech (pp. 2973\u20132976). Florence, Italy.","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2011-744"},{"key":"9219_CR33","unstructured":"Valstar, M.F., McKeown, G., Cowie, R., & Pantic, M. (2010). The Semaine corpus of emotionally coloured character interactions. Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia & Expo (pp. 1079\u20131084). Singapore, Singapore."},{"issue":"4","key":"9219_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s12193-010-0051-3","volume":"3","author":"H Welbergen Van","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van Welbergen, H., Reidsma, D., Ruttkay, Z., & Zwiers, J. (2010). Elckerlyc: A BML realizer for continuous, multimodal interaction with a virtual human. Journal of Multimodal User Interfaces, 3(4), 271\u2013284.","journal-title":"Journal of Multimodal User Interfaces"},{"issue":"8","key":"9219_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-2166(99)00109-5","volume":"32","author":"N Ward","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ward, N., & Tsukahara, W. (2000). Prosodic features which cue back-channel responses in English and Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics, 32(8), 1177\u20131207.","journal-title":"Journal of Pragmatics"},{"key":"9219_CR36","unstructured":"Xudong, D. (2009). Listener response. In: The pragmatics of interaction (pp. 104\u2013124). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing."},{"key":"9219_CR37","unstructured":"Yngve, V.H. (1970). On getting a word in edgewise. In: Papers from the Sixth Regional Meeting of Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 567\u2013577. Chicago Linguistic Society."}],"container-title":["Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10458-013-9219-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10458-013-9219-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10458-013-9219-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T16:37:39Z","timestamp":1714840659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10458-013-9219-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,13]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10458-013-9219-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2532","1573-7454"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2532","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7454","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,13]]}}}