{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T00:24:02Z","timestamp":1767140642103,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,9]],"date-time":"2010-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1289260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artif Intell Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-010-9186-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,8]],"date-time":"2010-11-08T03:56:16Z","timestamp":1289188576000},"page":"101-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: Document image analysis: issues, comparison of methods and remaining problems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Saba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"G.","family":"Sulong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"9186_CR1","first-page":"191","volume":"3212","author":"AR Abdel-Dayem","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abdel-Dayem AR, Hamou AK, El-Sakka MR (2004) Novel adaptive filtering for salt-and-pepper noise removal from binary document images. LNCS 3212: 191\u2013199","journal-title":"LNCS"},{"issue":"6","key":"9186_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1109\/83.503916","volume":"5","author":"E Abreu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Abreu E, Lightstone M, Mitra S, Arakawa K (1996) A new efficient approach for the removal of impulse noise from highly corrupted images. IEEE Trans Image Process 5(6): 1012\u20131025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"11","key":"9186_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(90)90112-X","volume":"23","author":"T Akiyama","year":"1990","unstructured":"Akiyama T, Hagita N (1990) Automated entry system for printed documents. Pattern Recogn 23(11): 1141\u20131154","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"9186_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali MB (1996) Background noise detection and cleaning in document images. In: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on pattern recognition, vol 3, pp 758\u2013762","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.1996.547270"},{"key":"9186_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Khaffaf H, Talib AZ, Salam RA (2008) Removing salt-and-pepper noise from binary images of engineering drawings. In: 19th international conference on pattern recognition (ICPR 2008), pp 1\u20134","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2008.4761425"},{"key":"9186_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s100440070009","volume":"3","author":"A Amin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Amin A, Fischer S (2000) A document skew detection method using the hough transform. Pattern Anal Appl 3: 243\u2013253","journal-title":"Pattern Anal Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"9186_CR7","first-page":"272","volume":"22","author":"VNM Aradhya","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aradhya VNM, Kumar GH, Shivakumara P (2007) An accurate and efficient skew estimation Technique for south indian documents: a new boundary growing and nearest neighbor clustering based approach. Int J Robot Autom 22(4): 272\u2013280","journal-title":"Int J Robot Autom"},{"key":"9186_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arvind KR, Kumar J, Ramakrishnan AG (2007). Entropy based skew correction of document images. LNCS 2007, vol 4815, pp 495\u2013502","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77046-6_61"},{"key":"9186_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avila BT, Lins RD (2005) A fast orientation and skew detection algorithm for monochromatic document images. In: Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on document engineering","DOI":"10.1145\/1096601.1096631"},{"key":"9186_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bagdanov A, Kanai J (1997) Projection profile based skew estimation algorithm for JBIG compressed images. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on document analysis and recognition, pp 401\u2013405","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.1997.619878"},{"key":"9186_CR11","unstructured":"Baird HS (1987) The skew angle of printed documents. In: Proceedings of SPSE 40th symposium hybrid imaging systems, Rochester, NY, pp 739\u2013743"},{"issue":"7","key":"9186_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1109\/5.156469","volume":"80","author":"HS Baird","year":"1992","unstructured":"Baird HS (1992) Anatomy of a versatile page reader. Proc IEEE 80(7): 1059\u20131065","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"9186_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2002.1039037","volume":"3","author":"E Bala","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bala E, Ertuzun A (2002) Applications of multiwavelet techniques to image denoising. Proc Int Conf Image Process 3: 581\u2013584","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Image Process"},{"issue":"10","key":"9186_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1109\/83.869182","volume":"9","author":"M Barni","year":"2000","unstructured":"Barni M, Buti F, Bartolini F, Cappellini V (2000) A quasi-euclidean norm to speed up vector median filtering. IEEE Trans Image Process 9(10): 1704\u20131709","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"7","key":"9186_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.849295","volume":"14","author":"AA Bharath","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bharath AA, Ng J (2005) A steerable complex wavelet construction and its application to image denoising. IEEE Trans Image Process 14(7): 948\u2013959","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"9186_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Billawala N, Hart PE, Peairs M (1993) Image continuation. In: Proceedings of the second document analysis and recognition, pp 53\u201357","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.1993.395783"},{"key":"9186_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bloomberg DS, Kopec GE, Dasari L (1995) Measuring document image skew and orientation. Document Recognition II (SPIE vol 2422), San Jose, CA, 6\u20137, pp 302\u2013316","DOI":"10.1117\/12.205832"},{"issue":"4","key":"9186_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1987.1165153","volume":"35","author":"A Bovik","year":"1987","unstructured":"Bovik A (1987) Streaking in median filtered images. IEEE Trans Acoust Speech Signal Process 35(4): 493\u2013503","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Acoust Speech Signal Process"},{"issue":"2","key":"9186_CR19","first-page":"490","volume":"4","author":"A Buades","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buades A, Coll B, Morel JM (2005) A review of image denoising algorithms with a new one multiscale modeling and simulation. SIAM Interdiscip J 4(2): 490\u2013530","journal-title":"SIAM Interdiscip J"},{"issue":"12","key":"9186_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1109\/83.806616","volume":"8","author":"RW Buccigrossi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Buccigrossi RW, Simoncelli EP (1999) Image compression via joint statistical characterization in the wavelet domain. IEEE Trans Image Process 8(12): 1688\u20131701","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"9186_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.852196","volume":"14","author":"RH Chan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chan RH, Ho C-W, Nikolova M (2005) Salt-and-pepper noise removal by median-type noise detectors and detail preserving regularization. IEEE Trans Image Progress 14: 1479\u20131485","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Progress"},{"issue":"9","key":"9186_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1109\/83.862630","volume":"9","author":"SG Chang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chang SG, Yu B, Vetterli M (2000) Spatially adaptive wavelet thresholding with context modeling for image denoising. IEEE Trans Image Process 9(9): 1522\u20131531","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"2","key":"9186_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1109\/83.551708","volume":"6","author":"A Chaudhuri","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chaudhuri A, Chaudhuri S (1997) Robust detection of skew in document images. IEEE Trans Image Process 6(2): 344\u2013349","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"9186_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chinnasarn K, Rangsanseri Y, Thitimajshima P (1998) Removing salt-and-pepper noise in text\/graphics images. In: IEEE Asia-Pacific conference on circuits and systems, pp 459\u2013462","DOI":"10.1109\/APCCAS.1998.743809"},{"issue":"9","key":"9186_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2004.833493","volume":"11","author":"H Choi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Choi H, Baraniuk RG (2004) Multiple wavelet basis image denoising using Besov ball projections. IEEE Signal Process Lett 11(9): 717\u2013720","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"key":"9186_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2005.10.030","volume":"40","author":"CH Chou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chou CH, Chu SY, Chang F (2007) Estimation of document skew angles using piecewise linear approximation of line objects. Pattern Recogn 40: 443\u2013455","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"9186_CR27","unstructured":"Ciardiello G, Scafuro G, Degrandi MT, Spada MR, Roccotelli MP (1988) An experimental system for office document handling and text recognition. In: Proceedings of ninth international conference on pattern recognition, pp 739\u2013743"},{"key":"9186_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2008.06.006","volume":"27","author":"L Dalong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dalong L (2009) Support vector regression based image denoising. Image Vis Comput 27: 623\u2013627","journal-title":"Image Vis Comput"},{"key":"9186_CR29","first-page":"425","volume":"4","author":"L Dalong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dalong L, Simske S, Mersereau RM (2007) Image denoising through support vector regression. IEEE Int Conf Image Process 4: 425\u2013428","journal-title":"IEEE Int Conf Image Process"},{"key":"9186_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/3.501104","volume-title":"Hands\u2013on Morphological Image Processing","author":"E Dargherty","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dargherty E, Lotufo R (2003) Hands\u2013on Morphological Image Processing. The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, Bellingham"},{"key":"9186_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dhandra BV, Malemath VS, Mallikarjun H, Hegadi R (2006) Skew detection in binary image documents based on image dilation and region labeling approach. In: Proceedings 18th international conference on pattern recognition, vol 2, pp 954\u2013957","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2006.1060"},{"key":"9186_CR32","unstructured":"Dong Y-Q, Fang X-S (2006) An efficient salt-and-pepper noise removal, Acta Scientiarum Natrulium Universitatics Pekinensis, vol 5"},{"issue":"432","key":"9186_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476626","volume":"90","author":"DL Donoho","year":"1995","unstructured":"Donoho DL, Johnstone IM (1995) Adapting to unknown smoothness via wavelet shrinkage. J Am Stat Assoc Natl Lab 90(432): 1200\u20131224","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc Natl Lab"},{"issue":"9","key":"9186_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00157-4","volume":"30","author":"B Gatos","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gatos B, Papamarkos N, Chamzas C (1997) Skew detection and text line position determination in digitized documents. Pattern Recogn 30(9): 1505\u20131519","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"9186_CR35","volume-title":"Digital image processing","author":"R Gonzalez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gonzalez R et\u00a0al (2000) Digital image processing. Addision-Wesley, Reading"},{"issue":"11","key":"9186_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1109\/34.244677","volume":"15","author":"L Gorman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gorman L (1993) The document spectrum for page layout analysis. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 15(11): 1162\u20131173","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"2","key":"9186_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008395514426","volume":"11","author":"AB Hamza","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hamza AB, Luque P, Martinez J, Roman R (1999) Removing noise and preserving details with relaxed median filters. J Math Image Vis 11(2): 161\u2013177","journal-title":"J Math Image Vis"},{"issue":"3","key":"9186_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(86)90034-6","volume":"4","author":"A Hashizume","year":"1986","unstructured":"Hashizume A, Yeh PS, Rosenfeld A (1986) Method of detecting the orientation of aligned components. Pattern Recogn 4(3): 125\u2013132","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"9186_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He K, Zhou J, Liu C, Liu R (2008) An efficient salt-and-pepper noise removal on local edge-preserving function. In: International conference on embedded software and systems symposia, (ICESS Symposia \u201808), pp 392\u2013397","DOI":"10.1109\/ICESS.Symposia.2008.80"},{"key":"9186_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hinds J, Fisher L, D\u2019Amato DP (1990) A document skew detection method using run-length encoding and the Hough transform. In: Proceedings of the 10th international conference pattern recognition. IEEE CS Press, Los Alamitos, CA, pp 464\u2013468","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.1990.118147"},{"key":"9186_CR41","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Document image skew detection: survey and annotated bibliography","author":"JJ Hull","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hull JJ (1998) Document image skew detection: survey and annotated bibliography. World Scientific, Singapore, pp, pp 40\u201364"},{"key":"9186_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishitani Y (1993) Document skew detection based on local region complexity. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on document analysis and recognition, Tsukuba, Japan, pp 49\u201352","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.1993.395784"},{"key":"9186_CR43","volume-title":"Fundamentals of digital image processing","author":"AK Jain","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jain AK (1989) Fundamentals of digital image processing. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs"},{"key":"9186_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(97)00032-9","volume":"18","author":"H Jiang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jiang H, Han C, Fan K (1997) A fast approach to the detection and correction of skew documents. Pattern Recogn Lett 18: 675\u2013686","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"9186_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang X, Bunke H, Widmer-Kljajo D (1999) Skew detection of document images by focused nearest-neighbor clustering. In: Proceedings 5th international conference on document analysis and recognition, Bangalore, pp 629\u2013632","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.1999.791866"},{"key":"9186_CR46","unstructured":"Jung A (2001) An introduction to a new data analysis tool: independent component analysis. In: Proceedings of workshop GK \u201cNonlinearity\u201d\u2014Regensburg"},{"issue":"5","key":"9186_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2003.10.012","volume":"37","author":"K Jung","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jung K, Kim KI, Jain AK (2004) Text information extraction in images and video: a survey. Pattern Recogn 37(5): 977\u2013997","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"9","key":"9186_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1109\/31.83870","volume":"38","author":"S Ko","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ko S, Lee YH (1991) Center weighted median filters and their applications to image enhancement. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst 38(9): 984\u2013993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst"},{"key":"9186_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar J, Kasar T, Ramakrishna AG (2007) IEEE TENCON, 1\u20134","DOI":"10.1109\/TENCON.2007.4429083"},{"issue":"5","key":"9186_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2002.1006398","volume":"11","author":"S Kuo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kuo S, Johnston JD (2002) Spatial noise shaping based on human visual sensitivity and its application to image coding. IEEE Trans Image Process 11(5): 509\u2013517","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"issue":"10","key":"9186_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(94)90068-X","volume":"27","author":"DS Le","year":"1994","unstructured":"Le DS, Thoma GR, Wechsler H (1994) Automatic page orientation and skew angle detection for binary document images. Pattern Recogn 27(10): 1325\u20131344","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"9186_CR52","unstructured":"Lins RD, Avila BT (2004) A new algorithm for skew detection in images of documents. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3212, Springer, Berlin, pp 234\u2013240"},{"key":"9186_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liolios N, Fakotakis N, Kokkinakis G (2001) Improved document skew detection based on text line connected component clustering. In: Proceedings of the international conference on image processing, Thessaloniki, Greece, vol 1, pp 1098\u20131101","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2001.959241"},{"key":"9186_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liying F, Lixin F, Chew LT (2001) Binarizing document image using coplanar prefilter. In: Proceedings of sixth international conference on document analysis and recognition, pp 34\u201338","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2001.953750"},{"key":"9186_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(03)00057-6","volume":"24","author":"Y Lu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lu Y, Tan CL (2003) A nearest-neighbor chain based approach to skew estimation in document images. Pattern Recogn Lett 24: 2315\u20132323","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"9186_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2005.859509","volume":"12","author":"M Mahmoudi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mahmoudi M, Sapiro G (2005) Fast image and video denoising via non-local means of similar neighborhoods. IEEE Signal Process Lett 12(12): 839\u2013842","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"key":"9186_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makridis M, Nikolaou N, Papamarkos N (2007) A new technique for global and local skew correction in binary documents. In: 9th international conference on advanced concepts for intelligent vision systems, pp 877\u2013887","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74607-2_80"},{"issue":"3","key":"9186_CR58","first-page":"194","volume":"3","author":"VN Manjunath","year":"2006","unstructured":"Manjunath VN, Kumar GH, Shivakumara P (2006) Skew detection technique for binary document images based on Hough transform. Int J Inf Technol 3(3): 194\u2013200","journal-title":"Int J Inf Technol"},{"key":"9186_CR59","unstructured":"Motwani MC, Gadiya MC, Motwani RC (2004) Survey of image denoising techniques. In: Proceedings of global signal processing expo and conference (GSPx), Santa Clara, CA"},{"key":"9186_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JMIV.0000011920.58935.9c","volume":"20","author":"M Nikolova","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nikolova M (2004) A variational approach to remove outliers and impulse noise. J Math Imaging Vis 20: 99\u2013120","journal-title":"J Math Imaging Vis"},{"key":"9186_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozawa H, Nakagawa T (1993) A character image enhancement method from characters with various background images. In: Proceedings of second international conference on document analysis and recognition, pp 58\u201361","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.1993.395782"},{"issue":"8","key":"9186_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(96)00042-6","volume":"17","author":"U Pal","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pal U, Chaudhuri BB (1996) An improved document skew angle estimation technique. Pattern Recogn Lett 17(8): 899\u2013904","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"9186_CR63","unstructured":"Pavlidis T, Zhou J (1991) Page segmentation by white streams. In: Proceedings of first international conference on document analysis and recognition (ICDAR), pp 945\u2013953"},{"key":"9186_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.1997.638728","volume":"2","author":"GS Peake","year":"1997","unstructured":"Peake GS, Tan TN (1997) A general algorithm for document skew angle estimation. IEEE Int Conf Image Process 2: 230\u2013233","journal-title":"IEEE Int Conf Image Process"},{"key":"9186_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ping Z, Lihui C, Alex KC (2000) Text document filters using morphological and geometrical features of characters. In: Proceedings of fifth international conference on signal processing, vol 1, pp 472\u2013475","DOI":"10.1109\/ICOSP.2000.894534"},{"key":"9186_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(01)00109-1","volume":"35","author":"J Portilla Zhou","year":"2002","unstructured":"Portilla Zhou J, Krzyzak A, Suen CY (2002) Verification-a method of enhancing the recognizers of isolated and touching handwritten numerals. Pattern Recogn 35: 1179\u20131189","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"9186_CR67","unstructured":"Postl W (1986) Detection of linear oblique structures and skew scan in digitized documents. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on pattern recognition, Paris, France, pp 687\u2013689"},{"key":"9186_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radu MV, Bilcu C (2007) Fast Non-local means for image de-noising. In: Proceedings of IS&T\/SPIE symposium on electronic imaging, digital photography III conference, vol 6502, San Jose, California, USA","DOI":"10.1117\/12.695079"},{"issue":"7","key":"9186_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1109\/83.931100","volume":"10","author":"JK Romberg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Romberg JK, Choi H, Baraniuk RG (2001) Bayesian tree-structured image modeling using wavelet-domain hidden Markov models. IEEE Image Process 10(7): 1056\u20131068","journal-title":"IEEE Image Process"},{"key":"9186_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadri J, Cheriet M (2009) A new approach for skew correction of documents based on particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of 10th international conference on document analysis and recognition, ICDAR \u201809, pp 1066\u20131070","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.268"},{"issue":"4","key":"9186_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001408006417","volume":"22","author":"P Saragiotis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saragiotis P, Papamarkos N (2008) Local skew correction in documents. Int J Pattern Recogn Artif Intell 22(4): 691\u2013710","journal-title":"Int J Pattern Recogn Artif Intell"},{"key":"9186_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarfraz M, Rasheed Z (2008) Skew estimation and correction of text using bounding box. In: Proceedings of fifth international conference on computer graphics, imaging and visualization, (CGIV \u201808), pp 259\u2013264","DOI":"10.1109\/CGIV.2008.10"},{"key":"9186_CR73","unstructured":"Sauvola J, Pietik \u00c4ainen M (1995) Skew angle detection using texture direction analysis. In: Proceedings of the 9th scandinavian conference on image analysis, pp 1099\u20131106"},{"key":"9186_CR74","unstructured":"Seo H-J, Chatterjee P, Takeda H, Milanfar P (2007) A comparison of some state of the art image denoising methods. In: conference record of the forty-first asilomar conference on signals, systems and computers, pp 518\u2013522"},{"issue":"12","key":"9186_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.3923\/jas.2008.2265.2271","volume":"8","author":"AE Sharif","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sharif AE, Movahhedinia N (2008) On skew estimation of Persian\/Arabic printed documents. J Appl Sci 8(12): 2265\u20132271","journal-title":"J Appl Sci"},{"key":"9186_CR76","unstructured":"Shivakumara P Hemantha G, Kumar D (2002) Text-skew detection through contour following in document image. In: Proceedings of national workshop on computer vision, graphics and image processing, (WVGIP 2002), pp 39\u201344"},{"key":"9186_CR77","unstructured":"Shivakumara P, Hemantha Kumar G, Guru DS, Nagabhushan P (2003) Skew estimation of binary document images using static and dynamic thresholds useful for document image mosaicing. In: Proceedings of national workshop on IT services and applications (WITSA2003) Feb 27\u201328, pp 1\u20135"},{"key":"9186_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2008.06.002","volume":"41","author":"C Singh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Singh C, Bhatia N, Kaur A (2008) Hough transform based fast skew detection and accurate skew correction methods. Pattern Recogn 41: 3528\u20133546","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"3","key":"9186_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1109\/34.584100","volume":"19","author":"AL Spitz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Spitz AL (1997) Determination of the script and language content of document images. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 19(3): 235\u2013245","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"9186_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01212455","volume":"2","author":"SN Srihari","year":"1989","unstructured":"Srihari SN, Govindaraju V (1989) Analysis of textual images using the Hough transform. Mach Vis Appl 2: 141\u2013153","journal-title":"Mach Vis Appl"},{"key":"9186_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-8655(94)90082-5","volume":"15","author":"T Sun","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sun T, Neuvo Y (1994) Detail-preserving median based filters in image processing. Pattern Recogn Lett 15: 341\u2013347","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"9186_CR82","unstructured":"Sun C, Si D (1997) Skew and slant correction for document images using gradient direction. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on document analysis and recognition, Ulm, Germany, pp 142\u2013146"},{"key":"9186_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1109\/83.661189","volume":"7","author":"S Teboul","year":"1998","unstructured":"Teboul S, Blanc-F\u2019eraud L, Aubert G, Barlaud M (1998) Variational approach for edge-preserving regularization using coupled PDE\u2019s. IEEE Trans Image Process 7: 387\u2013397","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"9186_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1109\/82.749102","volume":"46","author":"Z Wang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wang Z, Zhang D (1999) Progressive switching median filter for the removal of impulse noise from highly corrupted images. IEEE Trans Circ Syst II 46: 78\u201380","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circ Syst II"},{"issue":"3","key":"9186_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(96)00081-7","volume":"30","author":"J Wang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wang J, Leung MKH, Hui SC (1997) Cursive word reference line detection. Pattern Recogn 30(3): 503\u2013511","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"issue":"2","key":"9186_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2004.823828","volume":"13","author":"J Xie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Xie J, Zhang D, Xu W (2004) Spatially adaptive wavelet denoising using the minimum description length principle. IEEE Trans Image Process 13(2): 179\u2013187","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"9186_CR87","unstructured":"Xing-mei L, Guo-ping Y, Xing-mei L, Liang C (2007) The Image denoise based on soft-threshold and edge enhancement. In: Second workshop on digital media and its application in museum & Heritage, pp 53\u201356"},{"issue":"8","key":"9186_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(00)00098-6","volume":"19","author":"PY Yin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yin PY (2001) Skew detection and block classification of printed documents. J Image Vis Comput 19(8): 567\u2013579","journal-title":"J Image Vis Comput"},{"key":"9186_CR89","unstructured":"Yoon M, Lee S, Kim J (1995) Faxed image restoration using kalman filtering. In: Third international conference on document analysis and recognition, vol 2, pp 677\u2013680"},{"issue":"10","key":"9186_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(96)00020-9","volume":"29","author":"B Yu","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yu B, Jain AK (1996) A robust and fast skew detection algorithm for generic documents. Pattern Recogn 29(10): 1599\u20131629","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"9186_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2002.805310","volume":"9","author":"S Zhang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zhang S, Karim MA (2002) A new impulse detector for switching median filters. IEEE Signal Process Lett 9: 360\u2013363","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"key":"9186_CR92","first-page":"193","volume":"1","author":"Q Zheng","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zheng Q, Kanungo T (2001) Morphological degradation models and their use in document image restoration. Int Conf Image Process 1: 193\u2013196","journal-title":"Int Conf Image Process"},{"issue":"10","key":"9186_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2005.849313","volume":"14","author":"J Zhong","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhong J, Ning R (2005) Image denoising based on wavelets and multifractals for singularity detection. IEEE Trans Image Process 14(10): 1435\u20131447","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Image Process"},{"key":"9186_CR94","unstructured":"Zhou X, Zhou C, Stewart BG (2006) Comparisons of discrete wavelet transform, wavelet packet transform and stationary wavelet transform in denoise PD measurement, data. In: IEEE, international symposium on electrical insulation, pp 237\u2013240"},{"key":"9186_CR95","unstructured":"Zhu X, Yin X (2002) A new textual\/non-textual classifier for document skew correction. In: Proceedings of the 16th international conference on pattern recognition (ICPR), pp 480\u2013482"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-013-9407-x","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,26]],"date-time":"2013-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372204800000},"record-id":"5737"},{"DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-013-9407-x","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,26]],"date-time":"2013-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1372204800000}}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10462-010-9186-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10462-010-9186-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10462-010-9186-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T12:22:23Z","timestamp":1740658943000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10462-010-9186-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,9]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]}},"alternative-id":["9186"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10462-010-9186-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2821","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7462","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,9]]}}}