{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T03:58:43Z","timestamp":1776916723323,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Royal Society International Exchange program","award":["IE160806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IE160806"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artif Intell Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In recent years, research on Physarum polycephalum has become more popular after Nakagaki (AIR 407: 6803-470, 2000) performed their famous experiment showing that Physarum was able to find the shortest route through a maze. Subsequent researches have confirmed the ability of Physarum-inspired algorithms to solve a wide range of real-world applications. In contrast to previous reviews that either focus on biological aspects or bio-inspired applications, here we present a comprehensive review that highlights recent Physarum polycephalum biological aspects, mathematical models, and Physarum bio-inspired algorithms and their applications. The novelty of this review stems from our exploration of Physarum intelligent behaviour in competition settings. Further, we have presented our new model to simulate Physarum in competition, where multiple Physarum interact with each other and with their environments. The bio-inspired Physarum in competition algorithms proved to have great potentials for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-021-10112-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]],"date-time":"2022-11-16T07:03:52Z","timestamp":1668582232000},"page":"1-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A survey on physarum polycephalum intelligent foraging behaviour and bio-inspired applications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9801-2813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abubakr","family":"Awad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lusseau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George M.","family":"Coghill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10112_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-007-0276-5","volume":"94","author":"A Adamatzky","year":"2007","unstructured":"Adamatzky A (2007) Physarum machines: encapsulating reaction-diffusion to compute spanning tree. Naturwissenschaften 94(12):975\u2013980","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"issue":"3","key":"10112_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-009-9120-5","volume":"8","author":"A Adamatzky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adamatzky A (2009) From reaction-diffusion to physarum computing. Nat. Comput 8(3):431\u2013447","journal-title":"Nat. Comput"},{"issue":"10","key":"10112_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physleta.2008.12.070","volume":"373","author":"A Adamatzky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adamatzky A (2009) If BZ medium did spanning trees these would be the same trees as Physarum built. Phys Lett, Sect A: General, At Solid State Phys 373(10):952\u2013956","journal-title":"Phys Lett, Sect A: General, At Solid State Phys"},{"key":"10112_CR4","unstructured":"Andrew A (2009) Steering plasmodium with light: Dynamical programming of Physarum machine. arXiv preprint ( 2009). arXiv: 0908.0850"},{"key":"10112_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/7968","author":"A Adamatzky","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adamatzky A (2010) Physarum machines: computers from slime mould. World Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/7968","journal-title":"World Sci"},{"key":"10112_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/8482","author":"A Adamatzky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adamatzky A (2012) Bioevaluation of world transport. Networks. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/8482","journal-title":"Networks"},{"issue":"2","key":"10112_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1109\/TNB.2011.2181978","volume":"11","author":"A Adamatzky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adamatzky A (2012) Slime mold solves maze in one pass, assisted by gradient of chemo-attractants. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 11(2):131\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNB.2011.2181978","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Nanobioscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10112_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2011.03.007","volume":"105","author":"A Adamatzky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Adamatzky A, Alonso-Sanz R (2011) Rebuilding Iberian motorways with slime mould. Biosystems 105(1):89\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystems.2011.03.007","journal-title":"Biosystems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10112_CR9","first-page":"319","volume":"8","author":"A Adamatzky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adamatzky A, Erokhin V, Grube M, Schubert T, Schumann A (2012) Physarum chip project: growing computers from slime mould. IJUC 8(4):319\u2013323","journal-title":"IJUC"},{"key":"10112_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-011-9255-z","author":"A Andrew","year":"2011","unstructured":"Andrew A, Genaro JM, Sergio VC-V, Rene A-P, Stephens CR (2011) Approximating Mexican highways with slime mould. Nat Comput. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11047-011-9255-z","journal-title":"Nat Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"10112_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2248359","volume":"44","author":"AI Adamatzky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adamatzky AI (2014) Route 20, autobahn 7, and slime mold: approximating the longest roads in usa and germany with slime mold on 3-d terrains. IEEE Trans Cybernet 44(1):126\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCYB.2013.2248359","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybernet"},{"issue":"20","key":"10112_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5136","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1618114114","volume":"114","author":"K Alim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alim K, Andrew N, Pringle A, Brenner MP (2017) Mechanism of signal propagation in Physarum polycephalum. Proceed Natl Acad Sci United States of Am 114(20):5136\u20135141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1618114114","journal-title":"Proceed Natl Acad Sci United States of Am"},{"key":"10112_CR13","unstructured":"Schumann A, Pancerz K (2016) Physarum Chip: Growing Computers from Slime Mould. Logical Aspects. University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzesz\u00f3w, Poland Scientific Publishing House IVG St. Cyfrowa 6, 71-441 Szczecin, Poland www.wydawnictwoivg.pl email: biuro@wydawnictwoivg.pl, Rzesz\u00f3w-Szczecin"},{"key":"10112_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-95450-9_12","author":"A Awad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Awad A, Pang W, Coghill G (2018) Physarum inspired model for mobile sensor nodes deployment in the presence of obstacles. Lect Notes Inst Comput Sci, Soc-Inform Telecommun Eng, LNICST. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-95450-9_12","journal-title":"Lect Notes Inst Comput Sci, Soc-Inform Telecommun Eng, LNICST"},{"key":"10112_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-97982-3_27","volume":"840","author":"A Awad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Awad A, Pang W, Coghill GM (2019) Physarum inspired connectivity and restoration for wireless sensor and actor networks. Adv Intell Syst Comput 840:327\u2013338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-97982-3_27","journal-title":"Adv Intell Syst Comput"},{"key":"10112_CR16","unstructured":"Abubakr A, Wei P, David L, Coghill GM (2019) A hexagonal cell automaton model to imitate physarum polycephalum competitive behaviour. In: The 2018 Conference on Artificial Life: a Hybrid of the European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL) and the International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems (ALIFE)"},{"key":"10112_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abubakr A, Muhammad U, David L, George\u00a0MC, Wei P (2019) . A physarum-inspired competition algorithm for solving discrete multi-objective optimization problems. In: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion (GECCO\u201919 Companion) (GECCO\u201919). ACM, New York, NY, USA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3319619.3322030","DOI":"10.1145\/3319619.3322030"},{"issue":"9","key":"10112_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2003.09.010","volume":"19","author":"KHR Baronian","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baronian KHR (2004) The use of yeast and moulds as sensing elements in biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 19(9):953\u2013962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2003.09.010","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"issue":"23","key":"10112_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2015.07.007","volume":"427","author":"M Beekman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beekman M, Latty T (2015) Brainless but multi-headed: decision making by the acellular slime mould physarum polycephalum. J Molecular Biol 427(23):3734\u20133743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmb.2015.07.007","journal-title":"J Molecular Biol"},{"issue":"2012","key":"10112_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2012.06.017","volume":"309","author":"V Bonifaci","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bonifaci V, Mehlhorn K, Varma G (2012) Physarum can compute shortest paths. J Theor Biol 309(2012):121\u2013133","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"10112_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2018.0368","volume":"374","author":"A Boussard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boussard A, Delescluse J, P\u00e9rez-Escudero A, Dussutour A (2019) Memory inception and preservation in slime moulds: the quest for a common mechanism. Philosophical Trans Royal Soc B 374:1774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2018.0368","journal-title":"Philosophical Trans Royal Soc B"},{"issue":"11","key":"10112_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.2307\/1312636","volume":"45","author":"J Cavender","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cavender J (1995) Myxomycetes: a handbook of slime molds. Bioscience 45(11):795\u2013797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1312636","journal-title":"Bioscience"},{"key":"10112_CR23","unstructured":"CORDIS. (2019) How to develop affordable sensors using slime mold. https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2019-06-sensors-slime-mold.html"},{"issue":"9","key":"10112_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2006.12.018","volume":"35","author":"Pablo Cort\u00e9s","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cort\u00e9s Pablo, Garc\u00eda Jos\u00e9 M, Mu\u00f1uzuri Jes\u00fas, Onieva Luis (2008) Viral systems: a new bio-inspired optimisation approach. Comput Op Res 35(9):2840\u20132860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cor.2006.12.018 (Part Special Issue: Bio-inspired Methods in Combinatorial Optimization)","journal-title":"Comput Op Res"},{"key":"10112_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dorigo M, Maniezzo V, Colorni A (1996) Ant system: optimization by a colony of cooperating agents. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics) 26, 1, 29\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/3477.484436","DOI":"10.1109\/3477.484436"},{"key":"10112_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dirk D, Bakhtier V, Weijer CJ (2000) The control of chemotactic cell movement during Dictyostelium morphogenesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London.Series B: Biological Sciences 355: 1399, 983\u2013991 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2000.0634","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2000.0634"},{"issue":"1","key":"10112_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.69.1.218","volume":"69","author":"ACH Durham","year":"1976","unstructured":"Durham ACH, Ridgway EB (1976) Control of chemotaxis in Physarum Polycephalum. J Cell Biol 69(1):218\u2013223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1083\/jcb.69.1.218","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10112_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4607","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912198107","volume":"107","author":"A Dussutour","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dussutour A, Latty T, Beekman M, Simpson SJ (2010) Amoeboid organism solves complex nutritional challenges. Proceed Natl Acad Sci United States of Am 107(10):4607\u20134611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0912198107","journal-title":"Proceed Natl Acad Sci United States of Am"},{"key":"10112_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eberhart R, Kennedy J (1995). A new optimizer using particle swarm theory. In: MHS\u201995. Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Micro Machine and Human Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MHS.1995.494215","DOI":"10.1109\/MHS.1995.494215"},{"key":"10112_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Victor E (2014) . Organic Memristive Devices and Neuromorphic Circuits. Springer, pp. 389\u2013411","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-02630-5_18"},{"issue":"1","key":"10112_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2007.11.001","volume":"100","author":"Justina A.V. Fischer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fischer Justina A.V. (2008) Is competition good for trust? Cross-country Evidence Using Micro-data. Econom Lett 100(1):56\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.econlet.2007.11.001","journal-title":"Cross-country Evidence Using Micro-data. Econom Lett"},{"key":"10112_CR32","unstructured":"Iosif-AF, Vasileios N, Georgios\u00a0Ch S, Andrew A, Victor E, Antonio R (2019). Wave computing with passive memristive networks. In: 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 1\u20135"},{"key":"10112_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-014-0156-3","author":"E Gale","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gale E, Adamatzky A, de Lacy Costello B (2014) Slime mould memristors. BioNanoScience. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12668-014-0156-3","journal-title":"BioNanoScience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10112_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2016.2638824","volume":"15","author":"C Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao C, Liang M, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Zhou Z (2018) Network community detection based on the Physarum-inspired computational framework. IEEE\/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 15(6):1916\u20131928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCBB.2016.2638824","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform"},{"issue":"2019","key":"10112_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2018.05.002","volume":"29","author":"C Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao C, Liu C, Schenz D, Li X, Zhang Z, Jusup M, Wang Z, Beekman M, Nakagaki T (2019) Does being multi-headed make you better at solving problems? A survey of Physarum-based models and computations. Phys Life Rev 29(2019):1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plrev.2018.05.002","journal-title":"Phys Life Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10112_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2008.04.017","volume":"253","author":"YP Gunji","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gunji YP, Shirakawa T, Niizato T, Haruna T (2008) Minimal model of a cell connecting amoebic motion and adaptive transport networks. J Theor Biol 253(4):659\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtbi.2008.04.017","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10112_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2010.12.013","volume":"272","author":"YP Gunji","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gunji YP, Shirakawa T, Niizato T, Yamachiyo M, Tani I (2011) An adaptive and robust biological network based on the vacant-particle transportation model. J Theor Biol 272(1):187\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtbi.2010.12.013","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10112_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1137\/0202009","volume":"2","author":"John H Holland","year":"1973","unstructured":"Holland John H (1973) Genetic algorithms and the optimal allocation of trials. SIAM J Comput 2(2):88\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1137\/0202009","journal-title":"SIAM J Comput"},{"key":"10112_CR39","unstructured":"Yusheng H, Dong C, Joel\u00a0Weijia L, Yong D, Kang\u00a0HC (2021). When does the Physarum solver distinguish the shortest Path from other Paths: the transition point and its applications. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2101.02913 ( 2021)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10112_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1587\/nolta.1.26","volume":"1","author":"K Ito","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ito K, Sumpter D, Nakagaki T (2010) Risk management in spatio-temporally varying field by true slime mold. Nonlinear Theory Its Appl IEICE 1(1):26\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1587\/nolta.1.26","journal-title":"Nonlinear Theory Its Appl IEICE"},{"key":"10112_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jeff J (2009) Approximating the behaviours of Physarum polycephalum for the construction and minimisation of synthetic transport networks. In: International Conference on Unconventional Computation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 191\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-03745-0_23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-03745-0_23"},{"issue":"4","key":"10112_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-010-9223-z","volume":"10","author":"J Jones","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jones J (2011) Influences on the formation and evolution of Physarum polycephalum inspired emergent transport networks. Nat Comput 10(4):1345\u20131369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11047-010-9223-z","journal-title":"Nat Comput"},{"key":"10112_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3182\/9\/3\/036016","author":"J Jones","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jones J, Adamatzky A (2014) Material approximation of data smoothing and spline curves inspired by slime mould. Bioins Biomimet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-3182\/9\/3\/036016","journal-title":"Bioins Biomimet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10112_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1080\/17445760.2015.1044005","volume":"32","author":"Jeff Jones","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jones Jeff, Mayne Richard, Adamatzky Andrew (2017) Representation of shape mediated by environmental stimuli in Physarum polycephalum and a multi-agent model. Int J Parallel, Emerg Distribut Syst 32(2):166\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17445760.2015.1044005","journal-title":"Int J Parallel, Emerg Distribut Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"10112_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10898-007-9149-x","volume":"39","author":"D Karaboga","year":"2007","unstructured":"Karaboga D, Basturk B (2007) A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. J Glob Optim 39(3):459\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10898-007-9149-x","journal-title":"J Glob Optim"},{"issue":"18","key":"10112_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2007.04.002","volume":"177","author":"DH Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim DH, Abraham A, Cho JH (2007) A hybrid genetic algorithm and bacterial foraging approach for global optimization. Inform Sci 177(18):3918\u20133937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2007.04.002","journal-title":"Inform Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10112_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1890\/09-0358.1","volume":"91","author":"T Latty","year":"2010","unstructured":"Latty T, Beekman M (2010) Food quality and the risk of light exposure affect patch-choice decisions in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. Ecology 91(1):22\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1890\/09-0358.1","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"issue":"1705","key":"10112_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2010.1624","volume":"278","author":"T Latty","year":"2011","unstructured":"Latty T, Beekman M (2011) Speed-accuracy trade-offs during foraging decisions in the acellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum. Proceed Royal Soc B: Biol Sci 278(1705):539\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rspb.2010.1624","journal-title":"Proceed Royal Soc B: Biol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10112_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2013.229","volume":"64","author":"L Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu L, Song Y, Zhang H, Ma H, Vasilakos AV (2015) Physarum optimization: a biology-inspired algorithm for the steiner tree problem in networks. IEEE Trans Comput 64(3):818\u2013831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TC.2013.229","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput"},{"key":"10112_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20466-6_8","volume":"9140","author":"Y Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu Y, Gao C, Liang M, Tao L, Zhang Z (2015) A physarum-inspired vacant-particle model with shrinkage for transport network design. Lecture Notes Comput Sci (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 9140:74\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-20466-6_8","journal-title":"Lecture Notes Comput Sci (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10112_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2015.2462349","volume":"14","author":"Y Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Y, Gao C, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Chen S, Liang M, Tao L (2017) Solving NP-Hard problems with Physarum-based Ant colony system. IEEE\/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 14(1):108\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCBB.2015.2462349","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform"},{"issue":"1","key":"10112_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-015-9530-5","volume":"16","author":"Y Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu Y, Gao C, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Liang M, Tao L, Lu Y (2017) A new multi-agent system to simulate the foraging behaviors of Physarum. Nat Comput 16(1):15\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11047-015-9530-5","journal-title":"Nat Comput"},{"key":"10112_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Y, Khalifa I, El-Kamel A (2016). The multi-period and multi-depot dynamic vehicle routing problem with time windows. In: 2016 3rd International Conference on Logistics Operations Management (GOL). IEEE, pp. 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/GOL.2016.7731713","DOI":"10.1109\/GOL.2016.7731713"},{"key":"10112_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Y,Zhang Z, Gao C, Wu Y, Qian T (2013) . A Physarum network evolution model based on IBTM. In; International Conference in Swarm Intelligence. Springer, pp. 19\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-38715-9_3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38715-9_3"},{"key":"10112_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-01460-9_9","volume":"500","author":"L Masi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Masi L, Vasile M (2014) A multi-directional modified physarum algorithm for optimal multi-objective discrete decision making. Stud Comput Intell 500:195\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-01460-9_9","journal-title":"Stud Comput Intell"},{"issue":"28","key":"10112_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/aac985","volume":"51","author":"Mana Masui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Masui Mana, Satoh Shinobu, Seto Kensuke (2018) Allorecognition behavior of slime mold plasmodium-Physarum rigidum slime sheath-mediated self-extension model. J Phys D: Appl Phys 51(28):284001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6463\/aac985","journal-title":"J Phys D: Appl Phys"},{"key":"10112_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohseni S, Gholami R, Zarei N, Zadeh AR (2014) Competition over resources: a new optimization algorithm based on animals behavioral ecology. In: Proceedings - 2014 International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems, IEEE INCoS 2014. pp. 311\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/INCoS.2014.55","DOI":"10.1109\/INCoS.2014.55"},{"issue":"1","key":"10112_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1039\/B706317M","volume":"4","author":"T Nakagaki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nakagaki T, Guy R (2008) Intelligent behaviors of amoeboid movement based on complex dynamics of soft matter. Soft Mat 4(1):57\u201367","journal-title":"Soft Mat"},{"issue":"6803","key":"10112_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/35035159","volume":"407","author":"T Nakagaki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nakagaki T, Yamada H, T\u00f3th \u00c1 (2000) Maze-solving by an amoeboid organism. Nature 407(6803):470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35035159","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10112_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nakagaki T, Yamada H, T\u00f3th \u00c1 (2001) Path finding by tube morphogenesis in an amoeboid organism. Biophys Chem 92(1\u20132): 47\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0301-4622(01)00179-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-4622(01)00179-X"},{"key":"10112_CR61","unstructured":"Vasileios N, Ioannis V, Georgios\u00a0Ch S, Andrew A, Antonio R (2018) Coupled physarum-inspired memristor oscillators for neuron-like operations. In: 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)"},{"key":"10112_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ntinas V, Vourkas I, Sirakoulis GC, Adamatzky AI (2017) Modeling Physarum space exploration using memristors. Appl Phys J Phys D. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6463\/aa614d","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/aa614d"},{"issue":"6","key":"10112_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2016.2566278","volume":"64","author":"V Ntinas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ntinas V, Vourkas I, Sirakoulis GC, Adamatzky AI (2017) Oscillation-based slime mould electronic circuit model for maze-solving computations. IEEE Trans Circuits and Syst I: Regular Papers 64(6):1552\u20131563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSI.2016.2566278","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits and Syst I: Regular Papers"},{"key":"10112_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oettmeier C, Brix K, D\u00f6bereiner H (2017) Physarum polycephalum-A new take on a classic model system. J Phys D: Appl Phys 50(41):413001","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/aa8699"},{"key":"10112_CR65","unstructured":"PhySense. [n. d.] . PhySense. https:\/\/www.physense.eu\/ [Online; accessed November-2019]"},{"key":"10112_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tao Q, Zili Z, Chao G, Yuheng W, Yuxin L (2013) An ant colony system based on the Physarum network. In: International Conference in Swarm Intelligence. Springer, pp. 297\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-38703-6_35","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38703-6_35"},{"issue":"9","key":"10112_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.081158","volume":"216","author":"CR Reid","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reid CR, Beekman M (2013) Solving the Towers of Hanoi - How an amoeboid organism efficiently constructs transport networks. J Exp Biol 216(9):1546\u20131551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/jeb.081158","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10112_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1093\/beheco\/art032","volume":"24","author":"CR Reid","year":"2013","unstructured":"Reid CR, Beekman M, Latty T, Dussutour A (2013) Amoeboid organism uses extracellular secretions to make smart foraging decisions. Behav Ecol 24(4):812\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/beheco\/art032","journal-title":"Behav Ecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10112_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fuw033","volume":"40","author":"CR Reid","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reid CR, Latty T (2016) Collective behaviour and swarm intelligence in slime moulds. FEMS Microbiol Rev 40(6):798\u2013806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsre\/fuw033","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"43","key":"10112_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17490","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1215037109","volume":"109","author":"CR Reid","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reid CR, Latty T, Dussutour A, Beekman M (2012) Slime mold uses an externalized spatial memory to navigate in complex environments. Proceed Natl Acad Sci United States of Am 109(43):17490\u201317494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1215037109","journal-title":"Proceed Natl Acad Sci United States of Am"},{"key":"10112_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2016.0030","volume":"13","author":"CR Reid","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reid CR, MacDonald H, Mann RP, Marshall JA, Latty T, Garnier S (2016) Decision-making without a brain: how an amoeboid organism solves the two-armed bandit. J Royal Soc Interface 13:119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsif.2016.0030","journal-title":"J Royal Soc Interface"},{"key":"10112_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.018101","volume":"100","author":"T Saigusa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saigusa T, Tero A, Nakagaki T, Kuramoto Y (2008) Amoebae anticipate periodic events. Phys Rev Lett 100:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.018101","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"10112_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schumann A (2019) Behaviourism in studying swarms: logical models of sensing and motoring. Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-91542-5"},{"issue":"03","key":"10112_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793005711002037","volume":"7","author":"A Schumann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schumann A, Adamatzky A (2011) Physarum spatial logic. New Math Nat Comput 7(03):483\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S1793005711002037","journal-title":"New Math Nat Comput"},{"key":"10112_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4108\/icst.bict.2014.257869","author":"A Schumann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schumann A, Pancerz K, Adamatzky A, Grube M (2015) Bio-inspired game theory: the case of Physarum polycephalum. ICST. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4108\/icst.bict.2014.257869","journal-title":"ICST"},{"key":"10112_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kazuo S, Yoshitsugu K, Yoshifumi Y (1998) . Analysis methods of phase propagation in autonomic oscillation of Physarum polycephalum. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Vol. 20 Biomedical Engineering Towards the Year 2000 and Beyond (Cat. No. 98CH36286), 3. IEEE, pp. 1606\u20131609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IEMBS.1998.747208","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.1998.747208"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10112_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1504\/IJAHUC.2012.050268","volume":"11","author":"I Senturk","year":"2012","unstructured":"Senturk I, Yilmaz S, Akkaya K (2012) Connectivity restoration in delay-tolerant sensor networks using game theory. Int J Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Comput 11(2\u20133):109\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1504\/IJAHUC.2012.050268","journal-title":"Int J Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Comput"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10112_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nancom.2011.05.002","volume":"2","author":"T Shirakawa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shirakawa T, Gunji Y-P, Miyake Y (2011) An associative learning experiment using the plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum. Nano Commun Netw 2(2\u20133):99\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nancom.2011.05.002","journal-title":"Nano Commun Netw"},{"issue":"3","key":"10112_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1080\/03081079.2014.997531","volume":"44","author":"T Shirakawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shirakawa T, Sato H, Ishiguro S (2015) Construction of living cellular automata using the Physarum plasmodium. Int J Gen Syst 44(3):292\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/03081079.2014.997531","journal-title":"Int J Gen Syst"},{"key":"10112_CR80","unstructured":"Eilidh S, David L (2019) Getting a head start: the slime mold, Physarum polycephalum, tune foraging decision to motivational asymmetry when faced with competition. arXiv e-prints (2019) arXiv:1905.06534"},{"key":"10112_CR81","unstructured":"Yahui S (2017) . Physarum-inspired Network Optimization: A Review. CoRR abs\/1712.02910 ( 2017). arXiv: 1712.02910"},{"key":"10112_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yahui S, Saman H (2016) Fast algorithms inspired by physarum polycephalum for node weighted steiner tree problem with multiple terminals. In:2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 3254\u20133260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CEC.2016.7744201","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2016.7744201"},{"issue":"5","key":"10112_CR83","first-page":"25","volume":"10","author":"Yahui Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun Yahui, Hameed Pathima Nusrath, Verspoor Karin, Halgamuge Saman (2016) A physarum-inspired prize-collecting steiner tree approach to identify subnetworks for drug repositioning. BMC Syst Biol 10(5):25\u201338","journal-title":"BMC Syst Biol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10112_CR84","first-page":"53","volume":"18","author":"Y Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun Y, Ma C, Halgamuge S (2017) The node-weighted Steiner tree approach to identify elements of cancer-related signaling pathways. BMC Bioinform 18(16):53\u201365","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"issue":"2","key":"10112_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2020.2971770","volume":"28","author":"Y Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun Y, Rehfeldt D, Brazil M, Thomas D, Halgamuge S (2020) A Physarum-inspired algorithm for minimum-cost relay node placement in wireless sensor networks. IEEE\/ACM Trans Netw 28(2):681\u2013694","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Netw"},{"issue":"1","key":"10112_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2016.2566438","volume":"14","author":"Y Tan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tan Y, Shi Y (2017) Editorial: special section on Bio-inspired swarm computing and engineering. IEEE\/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 14(1):1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCBB.2016.2566438","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10112_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physd.2005.01.010","volume":"205","author":"A Tero","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tero A, Kobayashi R, Nakagaki T (2005) A coupled-oscillator model with a conservation law for the rhythmic amoeboid movements of plasmodial slime molds. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 205(1\u20134):125\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physd.2005.01.010","journal-title":"Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena"},{"issue":"1","key":"10112_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2006.01.053","volume":"363","author":"A Tero","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tero A, Kobayashi R, Nakagaki T (2006) Physarum solver: a biologically inspired method of road-network navigation. Physica A: Statistical Mech its Appl 363(1):115\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physa.2006.01.053","journal-title":"Physica A: Statistical Mech its Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"10112_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2006.07.015","volume":"244","author":"Atsushi Tero","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tero Atsushi, Kobayashi Ryo, Nakagaki Toshiyuki (2007) A mathematical model for adaptive transport network in path finding by true slime mold. J Theor Biol 244(4):553\u2013564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtbi.2006.07.015","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"10112_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tero A, Takagi S, Saigusa T, Ito K, Bebber DP, Fricker MD, Yumiki K, Kobayashi R, Nakagaki T (2010). Rules for biologically inspired adaptive network design. Science (New York, N.Y.)","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177894"},{"issue":"2","key":"10112_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s12064-008-0037-9","volume":"127","author":"A Tero","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tero A, Yumiki K, Kobayashi R, Saigusa T, Nakagaki T (2008) Flow-network adaptation in Physarum amoebae. Theory Biosci 127(2):89\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12064-008-0037-9","journal-title":"Theory Biosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"10112_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2013.2261545","volume":"24","author":"FL Traversa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Traversa FL, Pershin YV, Di Ventra M (2013) Memory models of adaptive behavior. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 24(9):1437\u20131448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNNLS.2013.2261545","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst"},{"key":"10112_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3182\/7\/3\/036013","author":"MAI Tsompanas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsompanas MAI, Sirakoulis GC (2012) Modeling and hardware implementation of an amoeba-like cellular automaton. Bioinspi Biomimet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-3182\/7\/3\/036013","journal-title":"Bioinspi Biomimet"},{"key":"10112_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tsompanas M-AI, Sirakoulis G Ch, Adamatzky A (2016) Cellular automata models simulating slime mould computing. Springer pp. 563\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11047-016-9559-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-016-9559-0"},{"issue":"9","key":"10112_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2361731","volume":"45","author":"MAI Tsompanas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsompanas MAI, Sirakoulis GC, Adamatzky AI (2015) Evolving transport networks with cellular automata models inspired by slime mould. IEEE Trans Cybernet 45(9):1887\u20131899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2361731","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybernet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10112_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2003.08.001","volume":"73","author":"S Tsuda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tsuda S, Aono M, Gunji YP (2004) Robust and emergent Physarum logical-computing. BioSystems 73(1):45\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystems.2003.08.001","journal-title":"BioSystems"},{"issue":"2","key":"10112_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(76)90157-9","volume":"100","author":"T Ueda","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ueda T, Muratsugu M, Kurihara K, Kobatake Y (1976) Chemotaxis in Physarum polycephalum: Effects of chemicals on isometric tension of the plasmodial strand in relation to chemotactic movement. Exp Cell Res 100(2):337\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-4827(76)90157-9","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10112_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(76)90157-9","volume":"100","author":"T Ueda","year":"1976","unstructured":"Ueda T, Muratsugu M, Kurihara K, Kobatake Y (1976) Chemotaxis in Physarum polycephalum. Effects of chemicals on isometric tension of the plasmodial strand in relation to chemotactic movement. Exp Cell Res 100(2):337\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-4827(76)90157-9","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"10112_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Takuya U, Masakazu A, Atsushi T, Akio I (2011) Simulation of a soft-bodied fluid-driven amoeboid robot that exploits thixotropic flow. In; 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE, pp. 5123\u20135128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICRA.2011.5980150","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2011.5980150"},{"key":"10112_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199228973.001.0001","author":"Herman A Verhoef","year":"2010","unstructured":"Verhoef Herman A, Morin Peter J (2010) Community ecology: processes, models, and applications. Oxford Univ Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199228973.001.0001","journal-title":"Oxford Univ Press"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10112_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2004.11.056","volume":"108","author":"Ping Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang Ping, Gaixia Xu, Qin Lifeng, Ying Xu, Li Yan, Li Rong (2005) Cell-based biosensors and its application in biomedicine. Sens Actuators B: Chem 108(1\u20132):576\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2004.11.056","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B: Chem"},{"key":"10112_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shin W, Atsuko T (2014) Transportation network with fluctuating input\/output designed by the bio-inspired Physarum algorithm. PloS one 9, 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copbio.2014.08.00","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2014.08.00"},{"key":"10112_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Werner Liss\u00a0C (2019) Disruptive material intelligence of Physarum: liquid architecture of a biological geometry computer. pp. 227\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14279\/depositonce-8629","DOI":"10.14279\/depositonce-8629"},{"issue":"2007","key":"10112_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095740","volume":"38","author":"Stuart A West","year":"2007","unstructured":"West Stuart A, Diggle Stephen P, Buckling Angus, Gardner Andy, Griffin Ashleigh S (2007) The social lives of microbes. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 38(2007):53\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095740","journal-title":"Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst"},{"issue":"2014","key":"10112_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.10.064","volume":"191","author":"JGH Whiting","year":"2014","unstructured":"Whiting JGH, De Lacy Costello BPJ, Adamatzky A (2014) Towards slime mould chemical sensor: mapping chemical inputs onto electrical potential dynamics of Physarum Polycephalum. Sens Actuators, B: Chem 191(2014):844\u2013853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2013.10.064","journal-title":"Sens Actuators, B: Chem"},{"key":"10112_CR106","unstructured":"Ka-Chun W (2015) Evolutionary multimodal optimization: a short survey. arXiv preprint. arXiv: 1508.00457"},{"key":"10112_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yuheng W, Zili Z, Yong D, Huan Z, Tao Q (2012) An enhanced multi-agent system with evolution mechanism to approximate Physarum transport networks. In: Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Springer, pp. 27\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-35101-3_3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35101-3_3"},{"key":"10112_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang X, Adamatzky A, Yang XS, Yang H, Mahadevan S, Deng Y (2016) A Physarum-inspired approach to supply chain network design. Sci China Inform Sciences 59, 5 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11432-015-5417-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-015-5417-4"},{"key":"10112_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang X, Gao C, Deng Y, Zhang Z (2016) Slime mould inspired applications on Graph-optimization problems. Springer International Publishing, Cham pp. 519\u2013562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-26662-6_26","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26662-6_26"},{"key":"10112_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang X, Wang Q, Adamatzky A, Chan FTS, Mahadevan S,Deng Y (2014) An improved Physarum polycephalum algorithm for the shortest path problem. Sci World J https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/487069","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/487069"},{"key":"10112_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zili Z, Chao G, Yuxin L, Tao Q (2014) A universal optimization strategy for ant colony optimization algorithms based on the Physarum-inspired mathematical model. Bioinspiration & biomimetics 9, 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1748-3182\/9\/3\/036006","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3182\/9\/3\/036006"}],"container-title":["Artificial Intelligence Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10462-021-10112-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10462-021-10112-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10462-021-10112-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T09:23:45Z","timestamp":1672824225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10462-021-10112-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10462-021-10112-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0269-2821","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7462","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 November 2022","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}