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It reduces the concern of sharing the private data of participating entities for statistical analysis to be carried out at the server. It allows participating entities called <jats:italic>clients<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>users<\/jats:italic> to infer useful information from their raw data. As a consequence, the need to share their confidential information with any other entity or the central entity called <jats:italic>server<\/jats:italic> is eliminated. FL can be clearly interpreted as a privacy-preserving version of traditional machine learning and deep learning algorithms. However, despite this being an efficient distributed training scheme, the client\u2019s sensitive information can still be exposed to various security threats from the shared parameters. Since data has always been a major priority for any user or organization, this article is primarily concerned with discussing the significant problems and issues relevant to the preservation of data privacy and the viability and feasibility of several proposed solutions in the FL context. In this work, we conduct a detailed study on FL, the categorization of FL, the challenges of FL, and various attacks that can be executed to disclose the users\u2019 sensitive data used during learning. In this survey, we review and compare different privacy solutions for FL to prevent data leakage and discuss secret sharing (SS)-based security solutions for FL proposed by various researchers in concise form. We also briefly discuss quantum federated learning (QFL) and privacy-preservation techniques in QFL. In addition to these, a comparison and contrast of several survey works on FL is included in this work. We highlight the major applications based on FL. We discuss certain future directions pertaining to the open issues in the field of FL and finally conclude our work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-10766-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T11:01:57Z","timestamp":1718967717000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["A multifaceted survey on privacy preservation of federated learning: progress, challenges, and opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Sanchita","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ashlesha","family":"Hota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arup Kumar","family":"Chattopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Amitava","family":"Nag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sukumar","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10766_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.3390\/s22020450","volume":"22","author":"HG Abreha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abreha HG, Hayajneh M, Serhani MA (2022) Federated learning in edge computing: a systematic survey. 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