{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T23:47:02Z","timestamp":1771544822149,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518652800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["EP\/J002607\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/J002607\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000181","name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FA9550-14-1-0079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FA9550-14-1-0079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000181","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Math Artif Intell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10472-017-9570-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]],"date-time":"2018-02-15T13:13:55Z","timestamp":1518700435000},"page":"189-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sentence entailment in compositional distributional semantics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Mehrnoosh","family":"Sadrzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Kartsaklis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esma","family":"Balk\u0131r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"9570_CR1","unstructured":"Balk\u0131r, E.: Using Density Matrices in a Compositional Distributional Model of Meaning. Master\u2019s thesis, University of Oxford (2014)"},{"key":"9570_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balk\u0131r, E., Sadrzadeh, M., Coecke, B.: Distributional sentence entailment using density matrices. In: FTP-ENTC Proceedings of the First International Conference on Theoretical Topics in Computer Science (TTCS), vol. 9541, pp. 1\u201322 (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28678-5_1"},{"key":"9570_CR3","unstructured":"Balkir, E., Kartsaklis, D., Sadrzadeh, M.: Sentence entailment in compositional distributional semantics. In: Fourteenth International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics. arXiv: 1512.04419 (2016)"},{"key":"9570_CR4","unstructured":"Bankova, D., Coecke, B., Lewis, M., Marsden, D.: Graded entailment for compositional distributional semantics, arXiv: 1601.04908 (2016)"},{"key":"9570_CR5","unstructured":"Baroni, M., Zamparelli, R.: Nouns are vectors, adjectives are matrices: representing adjective-noun constructions in semantic space. In: Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-10). Cambridge (2010)"},{"key":"9570_CR6","unstructured":"Baroni, M., Bernardi, R., Do, N.Q., Shan, C.C.: Entailment above the word level in distributional semantics. In: Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 23\u201332. Association for Computational Linguistics (2012)"},{"key":"9570_CR7","unstructured":"Blacoe, W., Kashefi, E., Lapata, M.: A quantum-theoretic approach to distributional semantics. In: Proceedings of the 2013 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, pp. 847\u2013857 (2013)"},{"key":"9570_CR8","unstructured":"Clark, S., Pulman, S.: Combining symbolic and distributional models of meaning. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on Quantum Interaction, pp. 52\u201355 (2007)"},{"key":"9570_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke, D.: Context-theoretic semantics for natural language: an overview. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Geometrical Models of Natural Language Semantics, pp. 112\u2013119. Association for Computational Linguistics (2009)","DOI":"10.3115\/1705415.1705430"},{"key":"9570_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-12821-9_3","volume-title":"Categories for the practising physicist","author":"B Coecke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coecke, B., Paquette, E.O.: Categories for the practising physicist. Springer, Berlin (2010)"},{"key":"9570_CR11","first-page":"345","volume":"36","author":"B Coecke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coecke, B., Sadrzadeh, M., Clark, S.: Mathematical foundations for a compositional distributional model of meaning. Linguist. Anal. 36, 345\u2013384 (2010)","journal-title":"Linguist. Anal."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"9570_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007537716579","volume":"34","author":"I Dagan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dagan, I., Lee, L., Pereira, F.C.N.: Similarity-based models of word cooccurrence probabilities. Mach. Learn. 34(1\u20133), 43\u201369 (1999)","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"9570_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dagan, I., Glickman, O., Magnini, B.: The pascal recognising textual entailment challenge. In: Machine Learning Challenges. Evaluating Predictive Uncertainty, Visual Object Classification, and Recognising Tectual Entailment, pp. 177\u2013190. Springer, Berlin (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/11736790_9"},{"key":"9570_CR14","unstructured":"Firth, J.R.: A Synopsis of Linguistic Theory, 1930\u20131955. Studies in Linguistic Analysis, pp. 1\u201332 (1957)"},{"key":"9570_CR15","unstructured":"Grefenstette, E., Sadrzadeh, M.: Experimental support for a categorical compositional distributional model of meaning. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. pp. 1394\u20131404. Association for Computational Linguistics (2011)"},{"key":"9570_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1162\/COLI_a_00209","volume":"41","author":"E Grefenstette","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grefenstette, E., Sadrzadeh, M.: Concrete models and empirical evaluations for the categorical compositional distributional model of meaning. Comput. Linguist. 41, 71\u2013118 (2015)","journal-title":"Comput. Linguist."},{"key":"9570_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/00437956.1954.11659520","volume":"10","author":"Z Harris","year":"1954","unstructured":"Harris, Z.: Distributional structure. Word 10, 146\u2013162 (1954)","journal-title":"Word"},{"key":"9570_CR18","unstructured":"Hedges, J., Sadrzadeh, M.: A generalised quantifier theory of natural language in categorical compositional distributional semantics with bialgebras. In: EPTCS Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Quantum Physics and Logic, to appear (2016)"},{"key":"9570_CR19","unstructured":"Herbelot, A., Ganesalingam, M.: Measuring semantic content in distributional vectors. In: Proceedings of the 51st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, vol. 2, pp. 440\u2013445. Association for Computational Linguistics (2013)"},{"key":"9570_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalchbrenner, N., Grefenstette, E., Blunsom, P.: A convolutional neural network for modelling sentences. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 655\u2013665. Association for Computational Linguistics (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-1062"},{"key":"9570_CR21","unstructured":"Kartsaklis, D.: Compositional Distributional Semantics with Compact Closed Categories and Frobenius Algebras. Ph.D. thesis, University of Oxford (2015)"},{"key":"9570_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kartsaklis, D.: Coordination in categorical compositional distributional semantics. In: EPTCS Proceedings of the Workshop on Semantic Spaces at the Intersection of NLP, Physics and Cognitive Science, to appear (2016)","DOI":"10.4204\/EPTCS.221.4"},{"key":"9570_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kartsaklis, D., Sadrzadeh, M.: Prior disambiguation of word tensors for constructing sentence vectors. In: Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNL), pp. 1590\u20131601 (2013)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D13-1166"},{"key":"9570_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kartsaklis, D., Sadrzadeh, M.: A Frobenius model of information structure in categorical compositional distributional semantics. In: Proceedings of the 14th Meeting on Mathematics of Language (2015)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/W15-2306"},{"key":"9570_CR25","unstructured":"Kartsaklis, D., Sadrzadeh, M., Pulman, S.: A unified sentence space for categorical distributional-compositional semantics: theory and experiments. In: COLING 2012, 24th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Proceedings of the Conference: Posters, 8\u201315 December 2012, Mumbai, India, pp. 549\u2013558 (2012)"},{"issue":"0","key":"9570_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4049(80)90101-2","volume":"19","author":"G Kelly","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kelly, G., Laplaza, M.: Coherence for compact closed categories. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 19(0), 193\u2013213 (1980) http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/0022404980901012","journal-title":"J. Pure Appl. Algebra"},{"issue":"04","key":"9570_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1017\/S1351324910000124","volume":"16","author":"L Kotlerman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kotlerman, L., Dagan, I., Szpektor, I., Zhitomirsky-Geffet, M.: Directional distributional similarity for lexical inference. Nat. Lang. Eng. 16(04), 359\u2013389 (2010)","journal-title":"Nat. Lang. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"9570_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011444711686","volume":"4","author":"J Lambek","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lambek, J.: Type grammars as pregroups. Grammars 4(1), 21\u201339 (2001)","journal-title":"Grammars"},{"key":"9570_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, L.: Measures of distributional similarity. In: Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Computational Linguistics, pp. 25\u201332 (1999)","DOI":"10.3115\/1034678.1034693"},{"key":"9570_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MacCartney, B., Manning, C.D.: Natural logic for textual inference. In: ACL Workshop on Textual Entailment and Paraphrasing. Association for Computational Linguistics (2007)","DOI":"10.3115\/1654536.1654575"},{"key":"9570_CR31","volume-title":"Categories for the Working Mathematician","author":"S MacLane","year":"1971","unstructured":"MacLane, S.: Categories for the Working Mathematician. Springer, Berlin (1971)"},{"key":"9570_CR32","unstructured":"Milajevs, D., Kartsaklis, D., Sadrzadeh, M., Purver, M.: Evaluating neural word representations in tensor-based compositional settings. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). Association for Computational Linguistics, Doha, pp. 708\u2013719 (2014). http:\/\/www.aclweb.org\/anthology\/D14-1079"},{"issue":"8","key":"9570_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-6709.2010.01106.x","volume":"34","author":"J Mitchell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mitchell, J., Lapata, M.: Composition in distributional models of semantics. Cogn. Sci. 34(8), 1388\u20131439 (2010)","journal-title":"Cogn. Sci."},{"key":"9570_CR34","unstructured":"Piedeleu, R.: Ambiguity in Categorical Models of Meaning. Master\u2019s thesis, University of Oxford (2014)"},{"key":"9570_CR35","unstructured":"Piedeleu, R., Kartsaklis, D., Coecke, B., Sadrzadeh, M.: Open system categorical quantum semantics in natural language processing. In: Proceedings of the 6th Conference on Algebra and Coalgebra in Computer Science. Nijmegen, Netherlands (2015)"},{"key":"9570_CR36","unstructured":"Preller, A.: From Sentence to Concept, a Linguistic Quantum Logic. Tech. Rep. RR-11019. LIRMM (2011). http:\/\/hal-lirmm.ccsd.cnrs.fr\/lirmm-00600428"},{"key":"9570_CR37","unstructured":"Reddy, S., McCarthy, D., Manandhar, S.: An empirical study on compositionality in compound nouns. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP-11) (2011)"},{"key":"9570_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rimell, L.: Distributional lexical entailment by topic coherence. In: Proceedings of the 14th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, EACL 2014, April 26\u201330, 2014, Gothenburg, Sweden, pp. 511\u2013519 (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/E14-1054"},{"issue":"10","key":"9570_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1145\/365628.365657","volume":"8","author":"H Rubenstein","year":"1965","unstructured":"Rubenstein, H., Goodenough, J.: Contextual correlates of synonymy. Commun. ACM 8(10), 627\u2013633 (1965)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"9570_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/ext044","volume":"23","author":"M Sadrzadeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sadrzadeh, M., Clark, S., Coecke, B.: Frobenius anatomy of word meanings i: subject and object relative pronouns. J. Log. Comput. 23, 1293\u20131317 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Log. Comput."},{"key":"9570_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/exu027","volume":"26","author":"M Sadrzadeh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sadrzadeh, M., Clark, S., Coecke, B.: Frobenius anatomy of word meanings 2: possessive relative pronouns. J. Log. Comput. 26, 785\u2013815 (2016)","journal-title":"J. Log. Comput."},{"key":"9570_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1145\/361219.361220","volume":"18","author":"G Salton","year":"1975","unstructured":"Salton, G., Wong, A., Yang, C.S.: A vector space model for automatic indexing. Commun. ACM 18, 613\u2013620 (1975)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"9570_CR43","first-page":"97","volume":"24","author":"H Sch\u00fctze","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sch\u00fctze, H.: Automatic word sense discrimination. Comput. Linguist. 24, 97\u2013123 (1998)","journal-title":"Comput. Linguist."},{"key":"9570_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcs.2006.12.018","volume":"170","author":"P Selinger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Selinger, P.: Dagger compact closed categories and completely positive maps. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 170, 139\u2013163 (2007)","journal-title":"Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science"},{"key":"9570_CR45","unstructured":"Socher, R., Huval, B., Manning, C., Ng, AY: Semantic compositionality through recursive matrix-vector spaces. In: Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing 2012 (2012)"},{"issue":"3","key":"9570_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1162\/coli.2006.32.3.379","volume":"32","author":"PD Turney","year":"2006","unstructured":"Turney, P.D.: Similarity of semantic relations. Comput. Linguist. 32(3), 379\u2013416 (2006)","journal-title":"Comput. Linguist."},{"key":"9570_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weeds, J., Weir, D., McCarthy, D.: Characterising measures of lexical distributional similarity. In: Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Computational Linguistics. No. 1015, Association for Computational Linguistics (2004)","DOI":"10.3115\/1220355.1220501"},{"key":"9570_CR48","unstructured":"Widdows, D.: Geometry and meaning. Center for the Study of Language and Information\/SRI (2004)"}],"container-title":["Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10472-017-9570-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10472-017-9570-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10472-017-9570-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T21:27:23Z","timestamp":1751405243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10472-017-9570-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["9570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10472-017-9570-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1012-2443","1573-7470"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1012-2443","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7470","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 February 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}