{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T13:06:05Z","timestamp":1754485565850},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]],"date-time":"2006-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ann Oper Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-006-0033-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,22]],"date-time":"2006-06-22T15:44:51Z","timestamp":1150991091000},"page":"251-263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Was the bell system a natural monopoly? An application of data envelopment analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Hsihui","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Mashruwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"33_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(84)90006-7","volume":"17","author":"R.D. Banker","year":"1984","unstructured":"Banker, R.D. (1984). \u201cEstimating Most Productive Scale Size Using Data Envelopment Analysis.\u201d European Journal of Operations Research, 17, 35\u201344.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operations Research"},{"key":"33_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.39.10.1265","volume":"39","author":"R.D. Banker","year":"1993","unstructured":"Banker, R.D. (1993). \u201cMaximum Likelihood, Consistency and Data Envelopment Analysis: A Statistical Foundation.\u201d Management Science, 39, 1265\u20131273.","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"33_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banker, R.D. and H. Chang. (1995). \u201cA Simulation Study of Hypothesis Tests for Differences in Efficiencies.\u201d International Journal of Production Economics, 39, 37\u201354.","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-5273(94)00061-E"},{"key":"33_CR4","unstructured":"Banker, R.D. and H. Chang. (2002). \u201cTests of Returns to Scale for Monotone Concave Production Function.\u201d The University of Texas at Dallas, Working Paper."},{"key":"33_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.30.9.1078","volume":"30","author":"R.D. Banker","year":"1984","unstructured":"Banker, R.D., A. Charnes, and WW. Cooper. (1984). \u201cModels for the Estimation of Technical and Scale Inefficiencies in Data Envelopment Analysis.\u201d Management Science, 30, 1078\u20131092.","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"33_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.2307\/1913100","volume":"56","author":"R.D. Banker","year":"1988","unstructured":"Banker, R.D. and A. Maindiratta. (1988). \u201cNonparametric Analysis of Technical and Allocative Efficiencies in Production.\u201d Econometrica, 56, 1315\u20131332.","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"33_CR7","unstructured":"Cave, M., S. Majumdar, and I. Vogelsang. (2002). \u201cStructure, Regulation and Competition in the Telecommunications Industry.\u201d In M. Cave, S. Majumdar, and I. Vogelsang (eds.), Handbook of Telecommunications Economics, Vol. 1. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science BV."},{"key":"33_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.27.6.668","volume":"27","author":"A. Charnes","year":"1981","unstructured":"Charnes, A., W.W. Cooper, and E. Rhodes. (1981). \u201cProgram Evaluation and Managerial Efficiency: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to Program Follow Through.\u201d Management Science, 27, 668\u2013697.","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"33_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0483(82)90055-X","volume":"10","author":"A. Charnes","year":"1982","unstructured":"Charnes, A., W.W. Cooper, and A.P. Schinnar. (1982). \u201cTransforms and Approximation in Cost and Production Function Relations.\u201d Omega-International Journal of Management Science, 10, 207\u2013211.","journal-title":"Omega-International Journal of Management Science"},{"key":"33_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.34.1.1","volume":"34","author":"A. Charnes","year":"1988","unstructured":"Charnes, A., W.W. Cooper, and T. Sueyoshi. (1988). \u201cA Goal Programming\/Constrained Regression Review of The Bell System Break Up.\u201d Management Science, 34, 1\u201326.","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"33_CR11","volume-title":"Breaking up Bell: Essays on Industrial Organization and Regulation","author":"D. Evans","year":"1983","unstructured":"Evans, D. and J. Heckman. (1983). \u201cMultiproduct Cost Function Estimates and Natural Monopoly Tests for The Bell System.\u201d In D. Evans (ed.), Breaking up Bell: Essays on Industrial Organization and Regulation, New York, North-Holland."},{"key":"33_CR12","first-page":"615","volume":"September","author":"D. Evans","year":"1984","unstructured":"Evans, D. and J. Heckman. (1984). \u201cA Test for Subadditivity of the Cost Function with an Application to the Bell System.\u201d American Economic Review September, 615\u2013623.","journal-title":"American Economic Review"},{"key":"33_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.34.1.27","volume":"34","author":"D. Evans","year":"1988","unstructured":"Evans, D. and J. Heckman. (1988). \u201cNatural Monopoly and the Bell System: Response to Charnes, Cooper and Sueyoshi.\u201d Management Science, 34, 27\u201338.","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"33_CR14","first-page":"5","volume":"19","author":"B. Gold","year":"1981","unstructured":"Gold, B. (1981). \u201cChanging Perspectives on Size, Scale and Returns: An Interpretive Survey.\u201d Journal of Economic Literature, 19, 5\u201333.","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Literature"},{"key":"33_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenwald, B.C. and W.W. Sharkey. (1989). \u201cThe Economics of Deregulation of Local Exchange Telecommunications.\u201d Bellcore Economics Discussion Paper #56.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00139900"},{"key":"33_CR16","volume-title":"Elements of Telecommunications Economics","author":"S.C. Littlechild","year":"1979","unstructured":"Littlechild, S.C. (1979). Elements of Telecommunications Economics. Peter Peregrinus, Ltd, New York."},{"key":"33_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0266(199809)19:9<809::AID-SMJ969>3.0.CO;2-U","volume":"19","author":"S. Majumdar","year":"1998","unstructured":"Majumdar, S. (1998). \u201cOn the Utilization of Resources: Perspectives from the U.S. Telecommunications Industry.\u201d Strategic Management Journal, 19, 809\u2013831.","journal-title":"Strategic Management Journal"},{"key":"33_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1468(199605)17:3<303::AID-MDE753>3.0.CO;2-U","volume":"17","author":"S. Majumdar","year":"1996","unstructured":"Majumdar, S. and H. Chang. (1996). \u201cScale Efficiencies in U.S. Telecommunications: An Empirical Investigation.\u201d Managerial and Decision Economics, 17, 303\u2013318.","journal-title":"Managerial and Decision Economics"},{"key":"33_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007791027229","volume":"13","author":"S. Majumdar","year":"1998","unstructured":"Majumdar, S. and H. Chang. (1998). \u201cOptimal Local Exchange Carrier Size.\u201d Review of Industrial Organization 13, 637\u2013649.","journal-title":"Review of Industrial Organization"},{"key":"33_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.2307\/2109709","volume":"72","author":"L.-H. Roller","year":"1990","unstructured":"Roller, L.-H. (1990). \u201cProper Quadratic Cost Functions with an Application to The Bell System.\u201d Review of Economics and Statistics, 72, 202\u2013210.","journal-title":"Review of Economics and Statistics"},{"key":"33_CR21","volume-title":"The Theory of Cost and Production Functions","author":"R.W. Shephard","year":"1970","unstructured":"Shephard, R.W. (1970). The Theory of Cost and Production Functions. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press"},{"key":"33_CR22","volume-title":"Changing the Rules: Technological Change, International Competition and Regulation in Commnications","author":"L. Waverman","year":"1989","unstructured":"Waverman, L. (1989). \u201cU.S. Inter-exchange Competition.\u201d In R. Crandall and K. Flamm (eds.), Changing the Rules: Technological Change, International Competition and Regulation in Commnications. The Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C."}],"container-title":["Annals of Operations Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10479-006-0033-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10479-006-0033-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10479-006-0033-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T13:59:36Z","timestamp":1559138376000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10479-006-0033-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7]]}},"alternative-id":["33"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10479-006-0033-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0254-5330","type":"print"},{"value":"1572-9338","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,23]]}}}